RESUMO
BACKGROUND: A febrile seizure (FS) is the most common convulsive disorder in children. Activation of cytokine network is involved in FS pathogenesis. Adiponectin, leptin and IL-6 are the major adipocytokines secreted by fat cells. To date, only a few studies concerned the association of adipocytokines with febrile seizures. In this study, we tried to investigate serum and CSF levels of adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6); as adipocytokines, for the first time in Egyptian children with febrile seizures. METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study included one hundred patients with febrile seizure, and matched with age, gender, 100 children with febrile illness without seizures (febrile control, FC) and 100 healthy control group (HC). Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of adiponectin, leptin, and (IL-6) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS: Serum adiponectin was significantly higher in children with FS (16.8 ± 3.7 ug/ml) and the FC group (18.3 ± 4.3 ug/ml) compared to the HC group (9.5 ± 2.2 ug/ml); P < 0.05, respectively. Serum leptin was significantly lower in children with FS (0.9 ± 0.3 ng/ml) compared to both the FC group (4.7 ± 1.2 ng/ml) and the HC group (1.8 ± 0.4 ng/ml); P < 0.01, respectively. Children with FS had significantly higher serum IL-6 levels (43.7 ± 11.7 ng/ml) than the FC group (21.9 ± 4.5 ng/ml) and the HC group (6.5 ± 1.8 ng/ml); P < 0.01, respectively. Patients with simple febrile seizures (SFS) had serum and CSF adiponectin levels similar to those with complex febrile seizures (CFS); (P > 0.05). Serum and CSF leptin levels were significantly lower in patients with CFS compared to the SFS group (P < 0.05). Serum and CSF IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with CFS compared to the SFS group (P < 0.01). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the high serum IL-6 levels was the most significant risk factor associated with febrile seizures among studied children (OR: 6.2; 95 % CI: 3.58 -10.57; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our data brought a novel observation that some adipocytokines like leptin and IL-6 could be, at least in part, an aetiopathogenetic factor in the manifestation of febrile seizures in susceptible Egyptian children. Moreover, we observed a significant association between high CSF IL-6 levels and susceptibility to complex febrile seizures as did the low CSF leptin levels.
Assuntos
Adipocinas/sangue , Adipocinas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Adiponectina/sangue , Adiponectina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Leptina/sangue , Leptina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Convulsões Febris/sangue , Convulsões Febris/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Egito , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Febrile seizures are the most common form of childhood seizures. Among pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 is the key acute-phase cytokine. To date, only a few studies concerned the association of interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms with febrile seizures.In this study, we aimed to investigate 3 cytokine single-nucleotide polymorphisms situated at positions -174 (G/C), -572 (G/C), and -597 (G/A) in the promoter region of the interleukin-6 gene for the first time in Egyptian children with febrile seizures. METHODS: This was a case-control study included 100 patients with febrile seizure, and matched with age, gender, ethnicity 100 healthy control subjects. Interleukin-6 -174 (G/C), -572 (G/C), and -597 (G/A) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), while the serum IL6 levels were measured by ELISA method. RESULTS: Compared to the controls subjects, the frequency of the -174 GG and -597 GG IL6 genotypes were observed to be increased in children with febrile seizures (OR: 4.17; 95 % CI: 1.86-9.49; P <0.01 and OR: 1.96; 95 % CI: 1.06-3.63;P <0.05, respectively). We found a significant positive association between the -597 GG genotype and susceptibility to complex febrile seizures as did the G allele at the same position (OR: 4.2; 95 % CI: 1.4-13.3 for the GG genotype; P <0.01) and (OR: 2.89; 95 % CI: 1.1-7.7 for the G allele; P <0.05 respectively). Our data revealed no association between IL6- genotypes and serum IL6 levels in patients with febrile seizures (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our data brought a novel observation that the presence of a G allele or GG genotype at the -174 and the GG genotype at the -597 positions of the promoter region of the interleukin-6 gene constitute risk factors for developing febrile seizures in Egyptian children. Moreover, we observed a significant positive association between the IL6 -597 GG genotype and susceptibility to complex febrile seizures as did the G allele at the same position. However, we found no association between IL6- genotypes and serum IL6 levels in patients with febrile seizures.
Assuntos
Interleucina-6/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Convulsões Febris/genética , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Egito , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Fatores de Risco , Convulsões Febris/sangueRESUMO
Recently, hepcidin, an antimicrobial-like peptide hormone, has evolved as the master regulator of iron homeostasis. Despite the growing evidence of iron imbalance in childhood-onset ischemic stroke, serum hepcidin level in those patients has not yet been researched. In this study, we aimed to estimate serum (hepcidin) level in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and to investigate whether subcutaneous enoxaparin sodium, which is a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) derivative, could modulate serum hepcidin level in those patients. This was a case-control study included 60 (AIS) cases, and 100 healthy children with comparable age and gender as control group. For all subjects' serum hepcidin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]) levels were assessed by (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] method). Iron parameters including (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron binding capacity [TIBC]) were also measured. The patients were subdivided according to treatment with an LMWH derivative into 2 groups and serum hepcidin levels were assessed initially and 1 week after stroke onset for all cases. We found that AIS cases had higher serum iron, ferritin, and IL6 levels compared to the control group (all Pâ<â0.01). Serum hepcidin was significantly higher in AIS cases (median, 36[15-73]ng/mL) compared to the control group (median, 24[10-41]ng/mL; Pâ<â0.01). On the 1st day of AIS diagnosis, serum hepcidin levels were similar in both stroke subgroups (Pâ>â0.05). However, on the 7th day of diagnosis serum hepcidin level decreased significantly in AIS cases treated with LMWH (group 1) (median, 36 vs 21âng/mL; Pâ<â0.01, respectively). Meanwhile, no significant change was observed in serum hepcidin level in AIS cases not treated with LMWH (group 2) (Pâ>â0.05). Serum hepcidin showed significant positive correlations with serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, and IL6 (râ=â0.375, Pâ<â0.05; râ=â0.453, Pâ<â0.05; râ=â0.687, Pâ<â0.01; râ=â0.515, Pâ<â0.01; respectively). Our data brought a novel observation of elevated serum hepcidin level in pediatric AIS patients and pointed out that treatment with LMWH could modulate hepcidin level in those patients.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/sangue , Hepcidinas/sangue , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/sangue , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Enoxaparina/administração & dosagem , Enoxaparina/farmacologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Humanos , Lactente , Injeções Subcutâneas , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Receptores da Transferrina/sangueRESUMO
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease in which a pathogenetic role of Th2 cells has been supposed. CD30 molecule has been linked to Th2 responses. Elevated serum levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30) are associated with atopic disease, however, little is known about the effect of age, duration of disease, family history (FH) of atopy and scoring atopic dermatitis index (SCDRAD) on the levels of serum sCD30 in AD patients. In the present study, the serum level of sCD30 in 40 patients with AD and 15 non atopic persons, matched for sex and age were studied. Serum sCD30 levels were significantly higher in AD patients (23.1-83.9 IU/ml) than in healthy control (7.5-14.5 IU/ml) (P < 0.001). The sCD30 levels correlated positively with the severity of AD as assessed by SCORAD (r = 0.45; P = 0.004). Levels were higher in AD patients with +ve FH than those with -ve FH (P > 0.05) and in AD patients with shorter disease duration than longer duration (P > 0.05). In conclusion the presence of high levels of sCD30 in AD patients support the view that Th0/Th2- type response predominates in AD patients. The correlation observed with the clinical score indicates a role of sCD30 as a marker of disease severity in AD patients.