Anomalous Skew-Scattering Nonlinear Hall Effect and Chiral Photocurrents in PT-Symmetric Antiferromagnets.

Berry curvature and skew scattering play central roles in determining both the linear and nonlinear anomalous Hall effects. Yet in PT-symmetric antiferromagnetic metals, Hall effects from either intrinsic Berry curvature mediated anomalous velocity or the conventional skew-scattering process individually vanish. Here we reveal an unexpected nonlinear Hall effect that relies on both Berry curvature and skew-scattering working in cooperation. This anomalous skew-scattering nonlinear Hall effect (ASN) is PT even and dominates the low-frequency nonlinear Hall effect for PT-symmetric antiferromagnetic metals. Surprisingly, we find that in addition to its Hall response, ASN produces helicity dependent photocurrents, in contrast to other known PT-even nonlinearities in metals that are helicity blind. This characteristic enables us to isolate ASN and establishes new photocurrent tools to interrogate the antiferromagnetic order of PT-symmetric metals.

Quantum Plasmonic Nonreciprocity in Parity-Violating Magnets.

The optical responses of metals are often dominated by plasmonic resonances, that is, the collective oscillations of interacting electron liquids. Here we unveil a new class of plasmons─quantum metric plasmons (QMPs)─that arise in a wide range of parity-violating magnetic metals. In these materials, a dipolar distribution of the quantum metric (a fundamental characteristic of Bloch wave functions) produces intrinsic nonreciprocal bulk plasmons. Strikingly, QMP nonreciprocity manifests even when the single-particle dispersion is symmetric: QMPs are sensitive to time-reversal and parity violations hidden in the Bloch wave function. In materials with asymmetric single-particle dispersions, quantum metric dipole induced nonreciprocity can continue to dominate at large frequencies. We anticipate that QMPs can be realized in a wide range of parity-violating magnets, including twisted bilayer graphene heterostructures, where quantum geometric quantities can achieve large values.

Topological phononics is cataloged.

A screening approach identifies promising materials for future exploration.

Gate-tunable anomalous Hall effect in Bernal tetralayer graphene.

Large spin-orbit coupling is often thought to be critical in realizing magnetic order-locked charge transport such as the anomalous Hall effect (AHE). Recently, artificial stacks of two-dimensional materials, e.g., magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene on hexagonal boron-nitride heterostructures and dual-gated rhombohedral trilayer graphene, have become platforms for realizing AHE without spin-orbit coupling. However, these stacking arrangements are not energetically favorable, impeding experiments and further device engineering. Here we report an anomalous Hall effect in Bernal-stacked tetralayer graphene devices (BTG), the most stable configuration of four-layer graphene. BTG AHE is switched on by a displacement field and is most pronounced at low carrier densities. The onset of AHE occurs in tandem with a full metal to a broken isospin transition indicating an orbital origin of the itinerant ferromagnetism. At lowest densities, BTG exhibits an unconventional hysteresis with step-like anomalous Hall plateaus. Persisting to several tens of kelvin, AHE in BTG demonstrates the ubiquity and robustness of magnetic order in readily available and stable multilayer Bernal graphene stacks-a new venue for intrinsic non-reciprocal responses.

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Language Pathology.

This article provides guidance on the integral role of physical therapy, occupational therapy (OT), and speech language pathology (SLP) in palliative care (PC), underlining the necessity for effective communication between physicians and therapists, the importance of caregiver education and support, the application of holistic treatment modalities in OT, the underutilization of resources in PC settings, the role of SLP professionals in feeding and nutrition, and the challenges in communication during the advanced stages of illness. The article draws on various studies and expert opinions to elucidate these issues, offering a valuable resource to health care professionals in ensuring high-quality patient-centered PC.

Effect of ocular dominance, clinical experience, and sex on the accuracy of shade selection.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the influence of ocular dominance, clinical experience, and sex on the accuracy of visual color matching. METHOD AND MATERIALS: A total of 104 selected participants consisting of dental students and dental practitioners were allocated into two groups based on their clinical experience of using visual shade matching tabs for the selection of tooth shade. Both the inexperienced (IXP), as well as experienced participants (EXP), were then asked to correctly match the shades of five tabs (A2, A3.5, B1, C2, and D3) of a commonly used visual shade guide (Vitapan Classical shade guide, VITA Zahnfabrik) that were kept constant throughout the study. The participants documented the shade of those tabs using another set of shade guide using the right eye (left eye covered), left eye (right eye covered), as well as both eyes. Test for ocular dominance was performed using the Dolman method. The results were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test with a level of significance set at < .05. RESULTS: The percentage of correct shade matching with the monocular dominant vision (53%) was significantly better as compared to the monocular non-dominant vision (12%) (P < .001) or binocular vision (44%) (P < .05). Sex had an influence in shade selection (P = .031). However, clinical experience was an insignificant aspect in shade matching (P = .078). CONCLUSIONS: Knowing the clinician's dominant eye can be clinically relevant, as it can influence the accuracy of shade selection, irrespective of sex and clinical experience.

Exploring the Subclinical Atherosclerotic Load in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is the major etiopathogenic factor that decides cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. While inflammation is the putative mechanism for atherosclerosis in various experimental studies, chronic inflammatory state (e.g. in rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) is often neglected as a contributing factor for the development of atherosclerosis. RA patients have two to four times more risk of fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events, which is not explained by traditional risk factors alone. For example, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels may not convey the true atherosclerotic risk in RA patients - "the lipid paradox". Thus, for better risk stratification of future cardiovascular events in RA, the traditional parameters like diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia may not suffice. Newer parameters like carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT), coronary calcification scores, and C-reactive protein (CRP) may be needed. This study determined subclinical atherosclerotic load in groups of RA and non-RA patients with comparable Framingham risk scores using CIMT values. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, the RA study group had 64 patients with RA (disease duration > 1 year) and 64 controls were patients with at least one traditional risk factor of cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus). They were all analyzed for CIMT. The aim was to compare if there was a difference in CIMT scores between groups of RA and non-RA patients, with comparable Framingham score cardiovascular risk categories. RESULTS: CIMT was significantly higher in the study population compared to controls, indicating increased subclinical atherosclerotic load in the former. Mean CIMT was higher in all age groups in RA patients when compared to the control population (statistically significant in age groups 40-49 years 0.66 ± 0.07 mm vs 0.64 ± 0.06 mm, P < 0.026 and 50-59 years 0.8 ± 0.05 mm vs 0.76 ± 0.05 mm, P < 0.047). CIMT was significantly higher in the intermediate-risk groups (based on the Framingham risk score) in the RA study population when compared with the same risk categories of the control population. Atherogenic indices such as LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, atherogenic index, and CIMT were significantly higher in the RA patients with more than five years of disease duration than those with a duration of fewer than five years. CONCLUSION: Subclinical atherosclerotic load is higher in RA versus controls. The mean CIMT was higher in all age groups in RA compared to the controls. CIMT was significantly higher in the intermediate-risk subgroup (by Framingham risk score) when compared between RA and controls. RA subgroup comparisons based on seropositivity/seronegativity, high/normal CRP, and disease activity (low, intermediate, and high) for CIMT were not found to have statistically significant differences. RA group had lower HDL cholesterol and comparable LDL cholesterol values compared to controls.

A Case Report of Non-secretory Multiple Myeloma.

Non-secretory multiple myeloma (NSMM) is a hematological malignancy that presents as a unique clinical form of multiple myeloma with proliferation of plasmacytic cells that cannot secrete or synthesize immunoglobulins. Its prevalence as a hematologic malignancy in adults is low. Our article describes a case of a 68-year-old lady presenting with diffuse scattered lytic lesions throughout the axial and visualized appendicular skeleton without lymph node involvement. She was treated with chemotherapy with a good clinical response. We will present a case report to showcase the differences in pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management compared to secretory multiple myeloma.

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Indore, Madhya Pradesh: A community-based cross-sectional study, August 2020.

BACKGROUND: In India, laboratory diagnosis of SARS - CoV-2 infection has been mostly based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Studies have shown that Viral titres peak within the first week of symptoms but may decline later hampering RT-PCR-based diagnostic strategies. Exact estimate is difficult under high-risk screening strategy with evidences of having large number of asymptomatic cases. This has prompted a call for adoption of antibody testing as potential source of data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 7000 was conducted for 15 days including all the 85 wards under Indore Municipal Corporation. Stratified Random Sampling was used to collect the samples. Trained teams collected basic sociodemographic information and serum samples which were tested for the presence of specific antibodies to COVID-19 using ICMR-Kavach IgG ELISA kits. The data collected was compiled and analysed using appropriate statistical software. RESULTS: Overall weighted seroprevalence of the study population was found to be 7.75%. The prevalence in males and females was comparable (7.91% vs 7.57%). Highest seropositivity (10.04%) was seen among individuals aged more than 60 years. Total number of infections in the population were estimated to be 2,03,160. Overall Case Infection Ratio was found to be 27.43. CONCLUSION: The current seroprevalence study provides information on proportion of the population exposed, but the correlation between presence and absence of antibodies is not a marker of total or partial immunity. It must also be noted that more than 90 percent of the population is still susceptible for COVID-19 infection. Hence, non-pharmaceutical interventions like respiratory hygiene, physical distancing, hand sanitization, usage of personal protective equipment such as masks and implementation of public health measures need to be continued.

Nanoparticle technology and its implications in endodontics: a review.

BACKGROUND: The era of Nanomaterials has had a long lasting impression in the field of medical science. It's excellent use in medicine has led to its application in dental science. Serious concerns regarding the eradication of microbial biofilms from the root canal system still exists in the field of endodontics. Nanoparticles have proven to be much more efficient with good bonding capabilities and surface chemistry as compared to the conventional materials. The practical applications of nanotechnology in endodontics has led to future prospects in research in this field. MAIN BODY: Nanoparticles in endodontics have shown promising results. The various nanoaprticles like graphene, silver nanoparticles, chitosan, hydroxyapaptite nanoparticles, Iron compound, zirconia, Poly (lactic) co-glycolic acid, bioactive glass, mesoporous calcium silicate, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Magnesium, Calcium oxide and Copper oxide have been discussed. These nanoparticles have fetched and shown great results in various application in endodontics like incorporation of nanoparticles in selaers, obturating materials, irrigation, and intracanal medicament. CONCLUSION: The application of nanoparticles from natural and synthetic materials is rapidly evolving in dentistry. These biomaterials have helped in treatment of oral diseases, in eradication of smear layer and biofilms, have been incorporated in various dental materials for their antimicrobial effects. Combining all their beneficial aspects, these nanoparticles will provide new paradigm shift in dentistry. This review on nanoparticles will provide the reader with the latest knowledge of these materials, their mechanism of action and its implications in endodontics.