Exploring copper (II) porphyrin complexes and their derivatives for electrochemical analysis and biological assessment in the study of breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines.

In this study, several derivatives of tetraphenylporphyrin were synthesized, each with unique meso-substituent groups including phenyl, methoxyphenyl, butyloxyphenyl, octyloxyphenyl, and dectyloxyphenyl. Additionally, their corresponding copper complexes were prepared and thoroughly characterized. The structural confirmation of all compounds was established through CHN elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and FT-IR spectroscopy. As the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl long-chain increased, a slight red shift in the electronic absorption band was observed, which was attributed to the electronic influence of the alkyl group. DFT analysis indicated that electron density predominantly localized on the porphyrin ring of both the metal free porphyrins and copper (II) porphyrin complexes, with relatively low electron density in the p orbital of the meso-aryl long-chain substituent group. EPR spectroscopy of the Copper (II) ion complexes revealed signals, indicating their paramagnetic properties. Additionally, the Copper (II) tetraphenylporphyrin (CuTPP) complexes displayed two reversible oxidation peaks at +0.97 V and +1.35 V, whereas other derivatives exhibited lower oxidation potentials. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against MCF-7 cell lines was assessed using MTT assay, revealing cytotoxic effects in all cases. Among them, Copper (II) tetrakis (4-methyloxyphenyl)porphyrin (CuTOMPP) demonstrated the highest potential, with an IC50 value of 32.07 µg/mL.

Effects of Oral Cavity Stem Cell Sources and Serum-Free Cell Culture on Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: An In Vitro Investigation.

INTRODUCTION: To develop a stem cell delivery model and improve the safety of stem cell transplantation for bone regeneration, this study aimed to determine the effects of stem cell sources, serum-free cell culture, and hydrogel cell encapsulation on the growth and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the oral cavity. METHODS: The study groups were categorized according to stem cell sources into buccal fat pad adipose (hBFP-ADSCs) (Groups 1, 4, and 7), periodontal ligament (hPDLSCs) (Groups 2, 5, and 8), and dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) (Groups 3, 6, and 9). MSCs from each source were isolated and expanded in three types of sera: fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Groups 1-3), human serum (HS) (Groups 4-6), and synthetic serum (SS) (StemPro™ MSC SFM) (Groups 7-9) for monolayer (m) and hydrogel cell encapsulation cultures (e). Following this, the morphology, expression of MSC cell surface antigens, growth, and osteogenic differentiation potential of the MSCs, and the expression of adhesion molecules were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: SS decreased variations in the morphology and expression levels of cell surface antigens of MSCs from three cell sources (Groups 7m-9m). The levels of osteoblastic differentiation of the hPDLSCs and hBFP-ADSCs were increased in SS (Groups 8m and 7m) and the cell encapsulation model (Groups 1e, 4e, 7e-9e), but the promoting effects of SS were decreased in a cell encapsulation model (Groups 7e-9e). The expression levels of the alpha v beta 3 (ITG-αVß3) and beta 1 (ITG-ß1) integrins in the encapsulated cells in FBS (Group 1e) were higher than those in the SS (Group 7e). CONCLUSIONS: Human PDLSCs and BFP-ADSCs were the optimum stem cell source for stem cell encapsulation by using nanohydroxyapatite-calcium carbonate microcapsule-chitosan/collagen hydrogel in serum-free conditions.