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1.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 30(4): 1423-6, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24197782

RESUMO

Enterococcus hirae is rarely collected from man, while it is a common pathogen in mammals and birds. We describe the first isolation of the organism (strain DSM 27815) from human umbilical cord blood (UCB), thus emphasizing the risk of contamination of UCB units for clinical use. In this context, we also highlight the importance of an extensive training of the collecting personnel as to the observance of the disinfection protocol ensuring UCB units sterility.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Erros de Diagnóstico , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Sangue Fetal/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico , Animais , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Aves , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Enterococcus/classificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA
2.
Med Mycol ; 51(4): 438-43, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23170963

RESUMO

A yeast strain was isolated from the sputum sample of a leukaemia patient in the Spirito Santo Hospital of Pescara, Italy. The fungus produced a pigment that formed a reddish halo around colonies, and was identified and deposited as a Metschnikowia spp. (accession number IHEM 25107-GenBank accession number JQ921016) in the BCCM/IHEM collection of biomedical fungi and yeasts (Bruxelles, Belgium). Although the physiology of the strain was close to that of Metschnikowia sinensis, the D1/D2 sequence did not correspond to any previously described Metschnikowia species. Phylogeny of the genus Metschnikowia is complex and requires far more analysis. We present the first non-M. pulcherrima Metschnikowia spp. isolate recovered from a human, and emphasize the role of man as a transient carrier of environmental yeasts, the pathogenicity of which still needs to be defined.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Leucemia/complicações , Metschnikowia/isolamento & purificação , Micoses/microbiologia , Pirazinas/metabolismo , Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Sequência de Bases , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Metschnikowia/classificação , Metschnikowia/efeitos dos fármacos , Metschnikowia/fisiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Micoses/complicações , Filogenia , Pigmentos Biológicos/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Escarro/microbiologia , Voriconazol/farmacologia
3.
Mycoses ; 54(5): 434-41, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21039941

RESUMO

Candida guilliermondii is an uncommon isolate throughout most of the world, the behaviour of which as an environmental fungus, a human saprophyte and an agent of serious infections has been emphasised over the years. Notably, illnesses caused by this pathogen mostly involve compromised cancer hosts and commonly lead patients to unfavourable outcomes. It is of concern that the yeast may acquire or inherently express reduced in vitro sensitivity to all antifungal classes, although widespread resistance has not yet been described, and poor correlation exists between MICs and clinical outcome. However, the organism appears as constitutively less susceptible to polyenes and echinocandins than other yeast-like fungi, so that the emergence of such pathogen in the clinical settings is of concern and may appear as a new challenge in the context of mycoses and antifungal therapy.


Assuntos
Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Candidíase/microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/microbiologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candida/classificação , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/tratamento farmacológico , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Falha de Tratamento
4.
Mycopathologia ; 169(6): 457-9, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20135354

RESUMO

Isolation of Candida non-albicans yeasts as commensals or pathogens from hospitalised hosts is acquiring increasing importance, due to the frequent drug resistance expressed by such organisms.Particularly, the recover of antifungal resistant C. guilliermondii is of worrisome concern, even if recovered as a saprophyte, since commensal yeasts may behave as reservoirs for resistance elements;furthermore, they may enter the bloodstream after chemotherapy-related mucosal damage has developed,thus causing life-threatening and difficult-to-treat fungemias. This communication deals with the unusual isolation of a pan-azole resistant C. guilliermondii strain from a leukaemic patient with silent candiduria and emphasizes the importance of monitoring less recurring species within the nosocomial setting to better understand fungal epidemiology within the wards and face the spread of resistance determinants. Also, we highlight the controversial significance of silent candiduria, clinical relevance of which should be investigated case by case, to exclude and/or prevent candiduria as well as renal impairment.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Azóis/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candidíase/complicações , Leucemia/complicações , Urina/microbiologia , Doença Aguda , Candida/classificação , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
7.
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov ; 7(1): 36-44, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22044357

RESUMO

Enterococcus is an uncommon but emerging agent of upper and lower airway diseases, including sinuses, trachea, bronchi, lung and pleural infections. In particular, pneumonia and thoracic empyema may jeopardize the clinical outcome of compromised, hospitalized hosts, as well as affect outpatients. Treatment may feel the effects of inherent and acquired resistances such organisms show to commonly used drugs, with the spread of glycopeptide/vancomycin resistant enterococci (GRE/VRE, respectively) being of serious concern. With this work, we want to unearth the impact of members of the genus in the ambit of respiratory infections, and to increase the consciousness of their role as resourceful pathogens for human airways. Also, we are revising patents of interest aiming to timely screen GRE and soon provide clinicians with speciation and glycopeptide resistances.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Animais , Humanos
8.
Microbes Infect ; 14(5): 401-10, 2012 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22192786

RESUMO

The order Actinomycetales includes phylogenetically diverse but morphologically similar aerobic and anaerobic organisms, exhibiting filamentous branching structures which fragment into rods or coccoid forms. Lung pathogens of the order comprise Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Corynebacterium, Actinomyces, Kytococcus, Rothia, Williamsia, as well as Gordonia, Tsukamurella and Rhodococcus. Particularly, members of the last three genera are uncommon aerobic agents of lung cavitations and tuberculosis(TB)-like syndromes, that should be carefully considered in the aetiology of parenchymal lesions. Correct identification of such organisms is hard to obtain, but is crucial to provide patients with adequate diagnose and treatment. Then, this review aims to unearth their airway tropism, as well as their clinical impact as agents of lung disease.


Assuntos
Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinomycetales/patologia , Actinomycetales/patogenicidade , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/patologia , Humanos
9.
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov ; 6(1): 64-71, 2011 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21210763

RESUMO

Seriously compromised patients may acquire deep airway ailments by Gram positive, commensal bacteria including Kytococcus and Rothia, pathogenic tracts of which still remain quite unexplored. Resistances they express have been poorly investigated over the years, and no published guidelines for susceptibility testing and antibiotic therapy exist. We would therefore revise the current knowledge about these opportunistic organisms' clinical impact, as well as discuss on recent patents focusing on lung infection management. Particularly, these deal with the use of inhalatory vancomycin, even as lipidic complex, that appears a promising adjunctive treatment to systemic antimicrobials.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/patogenicidade , Doenças Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Respiratórias/microbiologia , Vancomicina/administração & dosagem , Administração por Inalação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos
10.
Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis ; 3(1): e2011006, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21625310

RESUMO

Rhodococcus equi is an uncommon Gram positive, variably acid-fast pathogen, that appears as hard to treat mostly owing to the establishment of intracellular niches. Lack of interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing may lead to under-reporting or overestimation of resistances, whereas knowledge about this pathogen's clinical impact may be affected by erroneous phenotype-based characterization at a genus and species level.We present the case of a bacteraemia with a concomitant lung mass in a lymphoma patient, that further highlights the emergence of rhodococcal diseases as a matter for concern in the fields of infectious diseases and haematology.

11.
J Med Microbiol ; 59(Pt 12): 1395-1402, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20884772

RESUMO

Organisms in the genus Kocuria are Gram-positive, coagulase-negative, coccoid actinobacteria belonging to the family Micrococcaceae, suborder Micrococcineae, order Actinomycetales. Sporadic reports in the literature have dealt with infections by Kocuria species, mostly in compromised hosts with serious underlying conditions. Nonetheless, the number of infectious processes caused by such bacteria may be higher than currently believed, given that misidentification by phenotypic assays has presumably affected estimates of the prevalence over the years. As a further cause for concern, guidelines for therapy of illnesses involving Kocuria species are lacking, mostly due to the absence of established criteria for evaluating Kocuria replication or growth inhibition in the presence of antibiotics. Therefore, breakpoints for staphylococci have been widely used throughout the literature to try to understand this pathogen's behaviour under drug exposure; unfortunately, this has sometimes created confusion, thus higlighting the urgent need for specific interpretive criteria, along with a deeper investigation into the resistance determinants within this genus. We therefore review the published data on cultural, genotypic and clinical aspects of the genus Kocuria, aiming to shed some light on these emerging nosocomial pathogens.


Assuntos
Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Actinomycetales/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Actinomycetales/classificação , Actinomycetales/citologia , Actinomycetales/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Genoma Bacteriano , Humanos
13.
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov ; 5(2): 168-76, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20402652

RESUMO

In spite of the improvements in transfusion safety occurred in the last decades, platelet septic transfusions still represent a cause for concern. Microbial screening of blood products cannot ensure transfusion sterility, so that pathogen inactivation methods and a timely management of infectious events actually play the most relevant role. Biofilm production has been associated to several human illnesses; also, it promotes bacterial adherence to platelet bags and colonization of recipient's catheter after transfusion. Therefore, facing biofilm communities is required to reduce the contamination risk and the occurrence of post-infusion events. In this context, the use of tigecycline as a wide-spectrum antibiofilm drug is discussed, along with recent patents about biofilm treatment by quorum-sensing blockers, bacteriophage-based therapy and antibiofilm oral compounds.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Contaminação de Equipamentos/prevenção & controle , Patentes como Assunto , Transfusão de Plaquetas/efeitos adversos , Contaminação de Equipamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Transfusão de Plaquetas/métodos , Transfusão de Plaquetas/mortalidade , Sepse/microbiologia , Sepse/prevenção & controle
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