Association between oocyte donors' or recipients' body mass index and clinical outcomes after first single blastocyst transfers-the uterus is the most affected.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether high body mass index (BMI) in either oocyte donors or recipients is associated with poorer outcomes after the first single blastocyst transfer. DESIGN: Retrospective study including 1,394 first blastocyst single embryo transfers (SETs) conducted by 1,394 recipients during oocyte donation cycles with the gametes retrieved from 1,394 women (January 2019-July 2021). Four BMI clusters were defined for both donors and recipients (underweight: <18.5 kg; normal weight: 18.5-24.9 kg; overweight: 25-29.9 kg; and obese: ≥30 kg). SETTING: Network of private IVF centers. PATIENTS: A total of 1,394 recipients aged 42.4 ± 4.0 and with a BMI of 23.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2, and 1,394 donors aged 26.1 ± 4.2 and with a BMI of 21.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2. INTERVENTION: All oocytes were vitrified at 2 egg banks and warmed at 8 in vitro fertilization clinics that were part of the same network. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, blastocyst culture, and either fresh or vitrified-warmed SETs were conducted. Putative confounders were investigated, and the data were adjusted through regression analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the live birth rate (LBR) per SET according to donors' and/or recipients' BMI. The main secondary outcome was the miscarriage rate (<22 gestational weeks) per clinical pregnancy. RESULTS: The LBR per blastocyst SET showed no significant association with donors' BMI. Regarding recipients' BMI, instead, the multivariate odds ratio was significant in obese vs. normal-weight recipients (0.58, 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.91). The miscarriage rate per clinical pregnancy was also significantly associated with recipients' obesity, with a multivariate odds ratio of 2.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-4.51) vs. normal-weight patients. A generalized additive model method was used to represent the relationship between predicted LBR or miscarriage rates and donors' or recipients' BMI; it pictured a scenario where the former outcome moderately but continuously decreases with increasing recipients' BMI to then sharply decline in the BMI range of 25-35 kg/m2. The miscarriage rate, instead, increases almost linearly with respect to both donors' and recipients' increasing BMI. CONCLUSION: Obesity mostly affects the uterus, especially because of higher miscarriage rates. Yet, poorer outcomes can be appreciated already with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 in both oocyte donors and recipients. Finer markers of nutritional homeostasis are therefore desirable; recipients should be counseled about poorer expected outcomes in cases of overweight and obesity; and oocyte banks should avoid assigning oocytes from overweight donors to overweight and obese recipients.

Caracterización medicoquirúrgica en el síndrome de nistagmos infantil / Medical and surgical characterization of infantile nystagmus syndrome

Introducción: las oscilaciones oculares involuntarias en la infancia pueden comprometer la agudeza visual del niño; de ahí la importancia de manejarlas adecuadamente. Objetivo: describir el tipo de nistagmos y el tratamiento indicado en cada paciente con síndrome de nistagmos infantil. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, de una serie de 60 pacientes con diagnóstico síndrome de nistagmos infantil. Se analizaron la edad, los tipos de nistagmos, los defectos refractivos asociados y los tratamientos indicados en cada caso. Se procesaron con el programa informático para análisis estadístico SPSS para Window, versión 2.1, y se utilizó la media y la mediana como medidas de tendencia central, y la desviación estándar y el rango intercuartílico como medidas de dispersión. Resultados: la edad promedio de los pacientes estudiados fue de 5,8 años. Predominaron los pacientes del sexo masculino (56,7 por ciento vs. 43,3 por ciento). El nistagmos sensorial fue el encontrado con mayor frecuencia (80,0 por ciento) y la mediana fue de 4 años 6 meses. La causa más frecuente de este tipo de nistagmos fue la hipoplasia papilar (20,8 por ciento), en uno y otro sexos. El astigmatismo hipermetrópico fue el defecto refractivo hallado con mayor frecuencia en estos pacientes. El tratamiento farmacológico fue el más utilizado (65,0 por ciento), en particular con dorzolamida 2 por ciento colirio (94,9 por ciento). El tratamiento quirúrgico se empleó en el 20,0 por ciento de los pacientes y la técnica más empleada fue la recesión de los 4 rectos horizontales. Conclusiones: los nistagmos sensoriales son los más frecuentes y se manejan fundamentalmente con tratamiento farmacológico(AU)

Introduction: the involuntary eye movements in childhood may compromise the child´s visual acuity; hence it is important to properly manage them. Objectives: to describe the type of nystagmus and the prescribed treatment for each patient suffering the infantile nystagmus syndrome. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in 60 patients with diagnosis of infantile nystagmus syndrome. Age, types of nystagmus, associated refractive defects and prescribed treatments in each case were analyzed and processed with statistical analysis software SPSS for Windows, version 2.1. Mean and median; and standard deviation and interquartile range were used as central tendency and as dispersion measures, respectively. Results: the average age of the studied patients was 5,8 years. Men predominated (56,7 percent vs. 43,3 percent). The sensorial nystagmus was the most frequent (80 percent) and the median was 4 years and 6 months. The most common cause in this nystagmus type was papillary hypoplasia (20,8 percent) in both sexes. The hypermetropic astigmatism was the most found refractive defect in these patients. The drug treatment was the most used (65 percent), particularly 2 percent dorzolamide eyedrop (94,9 percent). The surgical treatment was used in 20 percent of the patients and the most used technique was recession of the 4 horizontal rectus muscle. Conclusions: sensorial nystagmus is the most frequent and they are fundamentally managed with drug treatment(AU)