RESUMO
Prophylaxis is commonly used to prevent central nervous sy stem (CNS) relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with no clear standard of care. We retrospectively evaluated 1162 adult patients across 21 US academic centers with DLBCL or similar histologies who received single-route CNS prophylaxis as part of frontline therapy between 2013 and 2019. Prophylaxis was administered intrathecally(IT) in 894 (77%) and using systemic high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in 236 (20%); 32 patients (3%) switched route due to toxicity and were assessed separately. By CNS-International Prognostic Index (IPI), 18% were considered low-risk, 51% moderate, and 30% high. Double-hit lymphoma (DHL) was confirmed in 243 of 866 evaluable patients (21%). Sixty-four patients (5.7%) had CNS relapse after median 7.1 months from diagnosis, including 15 of 64 (23%) within the first 6 months. There was no significant difference in CNS relapse between IT and HD-MTX recipients (5.4% vs 6.8%, P = .4), including after propensity score matching to account for differences between respective recipient groups. Weighting by CNS-IPI, expected vs observed CNS relapse rates were nearly identical (5.8% vs 5.7%). Testicular involvement was associated with high risk of CNS relapse (11.3%) despite most having lower CNS-IPI scores. DHL did not significantly predict for CNS relapse after single-route prophylaxis, including with adjustment for treatment regimen and other factors. This large study of CNS prophylaxis recipients with DLBCL found no significant difference in CNS relapse rates between routes of administration. Relapse rates among high-risk subgroups remain elevated, and reconsideration of prophylaxis strategies in DLBCL is of critical need.
Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/prevenção & controle , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/prevenção & controle , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Espinhais , Masculino , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Metotrexato/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare entity, commonly associated with immunosuppressed states such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or solid organ transplant. The clinical course is characterized by high relapse rates and a poor prognosis, leading some clinicians to recommend aggressive frontline therapy. However, a specific review of limited stage (LS) PBL patients is not available to evaluate outcomes and justify treatment recommendations. We performed a retrospective review of LS PBL cases to provide insight into this rare disease. Our cohort consisted of 80 stage I or II PBL patients from 13 US academic centers. With a median follow up of 34 months (1-196), the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort were 72% (95% CI 62, 83) and 79% (95% CI 70, 89), respectively. The 3-year PFS and OS of patients treated with frontline chemotherapy alone was 65% (95% CI 50, 84) and 71% (95% CI 56, 89), respectively, compared to 85% (95% CI 72, 100) and 96% (95% CI 89, 100), respectively, in patients treated with combined frontline chemotherapy with radiation consolidation. Our data demonstrate favorable outcomes in LS PBL with no improvements in outcome from aggressive frontline treatment including Hyper-CVAD or auto-SCT consolidation. Multivariate regression analysis (MRA) demonstrated improved PFS for patients receiving EPOCH based frontline therapy versus CHOP (HR: 0.23; p = 0.029). Frontline chemotherapy followed by radiation consolidation versus chemotherapy alone appeared to be associated with improved relapse and survival outcomes but did not show statistical significance in MRA.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Linfoma Plasmablástico , Humanos , Linfoma Plasmablástico/terapia , Linfoma Plasmablástico/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , PrognósticoRESUMO
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) has been an integral component in the treatment of many hematologic malignancies. Since the development of HCT nearly 50 years ago, the role of this modality has evolved as newer treatment approaches have been developed and integrated into the standard of care. In the last decade, novel and highly active targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been approved for many hematologic malignancies, raising the question of whether HCT continues to retain its prominent role in the treatment paradigms of various hematologic malignancies. In this review, the authors have described the current role of autologous and allogeneic HCT in the treatment of patients with acute leukemias, aggressive B-cell lymphomas, and multiple myeloma and discussed how novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies have changed the potential need, timing, and goal of HCT in patients with these diseases.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Humanos , Imunoterapia , Medicina de Precisão , Padrão de Cuidado , Transplante Autólogo , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Salvage immunochemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation is the standard-of-care second-line treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after first-line R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). Outcomes after receipt of second-line immunochemotherapy in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas who relapse or are refractory to intensive first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab [R-EPOCH], rituximab, hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with methotrexate and cytarabine [R-HyperCVAD], rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate alternating with ifosfamide, etoposide, and cytarabine [R-CODOX-M/IVAC]) remain unknown. METHODS: Outcomes of patients with non-Burkitt, aggressive B-cell lymphomas and relapsed/refractory disease after first-line treatment with intensive immunochemotherapy regimens who received platinum-based second-line immunochemotherapy were reviewed retrospectively. Analyses were performed to determine progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from the time of receipt of second-line immunochemotherapy. RESULTS: In total, 195 patients from 19 academic centers were included in the study. The overall response rate to second-line immunochemotherapy was 44%, with a median PFS of 3 months and a median OS of 8 months. Patients with early treatment failure (primary refractory or relapse <12 months from completion of first-line therapy) experienced inferior median PFS (2.8 vs 23 months; P < .001) and OS (6 months vs not reached; P < .001) compared with patients with late treatment failure. Although the 17% of patients with early failure who achieved a complete response to second-line immunochemotherapy experienced prolonged survival, this outcome could not be predicted by clinicopathologic features at the start of second-line immunochemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with early treatment failure after intensive first-line immunochemotherapy experience poor outcomes after receiving standard second-line immunochemotherapy. The use of standard-of-care or experimental therapies currently available in the third-line setting and beyond should be investigated in the second-line setting for these patients.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Terapia de Salvação/métodos , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/mortalidade , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Terapia de Salvação/normas , Padrão de Cuidado , Transplante Autólogo/normas , Falha de Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
While patients with double-hit lymphoma (DHL) are now frequently treated with intensive front-line immunochemotherapy, outcomes for those who fail these regimens and subsequently receive curative-intent second-line immunochemotherapy are unknown. We identified 55 such patients who achieved an overall/complete response rate of 29%/11%, median progression-free/overall survival (PFS/OS) of 2/5·1 months and one-year PFS/OS of 10/19% following the start of second-line therapy. These outcomes may serve as a standard against which future second-line treatment strategies for relapsed/refractory DHL can be measured and justify investigation of non-cytotoxic therapies in the second-line setting for these patients.
Assuntos
Imunoterapia/métodos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Background: Primary pericardial sarcomas are extremely rare malignancies. In this case of primary pericardial synovial sarcoma, we discuss the initial steps to work-up pericardial effusions and review features that warrant more detailed investigation. Case summary: A 29-year-old male with no relevant past medical history presents with a few weeks of fatigue, dyspnoea, orthopnoea, leg swelling, and back pain. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed pericardial effusion for which pericardiocentesis and drain placement were done. He was discharged with a diagnosis of post-viral pericarditis. He returned 5 months later with worsening symptoms. Advanced imaging with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) showed heterogeneous pericardial mass later revealed to be a high-grade synovial sarcoma on biopsy. The patient was started on a doxorubicin-based chemotherapy regimen, but due to kidney dysfunction and multi-organ failure, he was transitioned to palliative care measures. Discussion: Transthoracic echocardiogram and computed tomography are often the initial tests of choice for pericardial effusions with pericardiocentesis recommended for effusions with tamponade physiology, for moderate-to-large effusions, or if there is concern for infection/neoplasm. Due to improved tissue characterization and spatial resolution, CMR and positron emission tomography should also be considered for atypical or recurrent pericardial effusions to assess for less common aetiologies such as malignancy.
RESUMO
Secondary involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare yet often catastrophic event for DLBCL patients. As standard first-line therapy for DLBCL with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) does not cross the blood-brain barrier, one approach to lessen the risk of CNS relapse has been to include additional agents, primarily methotrexate, directed at the CNS with standard R-CHOP although the timing, dose, and mode of administration differs widely across treating physicians. This practice derives from decades of non-randomized, often retrospective data with inconsistent outcomes. The current available tools and risk models are imprecise in their ability to predict which patients are truly at risk of secondary CNS relapse and more recent, large-scale real-world analyses call into question these longstanding practices. In a field lacking any prospective, randomized studies, this review synthesizes the available data investigating the utility of CNS prophylaxis in patients with DLBCL receiving 1st line therapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/etiologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/prevenção & controle , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Prednisona/efeitos adversos , Vincristina/efeitos adversos , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , RecidivaRESUMO
Brentuximab vedotin (BV) in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD) is increasingly used for frontline treatment of stage III/IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Peripheral neuropathy (PN) was the most common and treatment-limiting side effect seen in clinical trials but has not been studied in a nontrial setting, in which clinicians may have different strategies for managing it. We conducted a multisite retrospective study to characterize PN in patients who received BV + AVD for newly diagnosed cHL. One hundred fifty-three patients from 10 US institutions were eligible. Thirty-four patients (22%) had at least 1 ineligibility criteria for ECHELON-1, including stage, performance status, and comorbidities. PN was reported by 80% of patients during treatment; 39% experienced grade (G) 1, 31% G2, and 10% G3. In total, BV was modified in 44% of patients because of PN leading to BV discontinuation in 23%, dose reduction in 17%, and temporary hold in 4%. With a median follow-up of 24 months, PN resolution was documented in 36% and improvement in 33% at the last follow-up. Two-year progression-free survival (PFS) for the advanced-stage patients was 82.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.90) and overall survival was 97.4% (95% CI, 0.94-1.00). Patients who discontinued BV because of PN did not have inferior PFS. In the nontrial setting, BV + AVD was associated with a high incidence of PN. In our cohort, which includes patients who would not have been eligible for the pivotal ECHELON-1 trial, BV discontinuation rates were higher than previously reported, but 2-year outcomes remain comparable.
Assuntos
Doença de Hodgkin , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico , Humanos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Brentuximab Vedotin/uso terapêutico , Doença de Hodgkin/complicações , Doença de Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Hodgkin/patologia , Incidência , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/induzido quimicamente , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
In this multi-institutional retrospective study, we examined the characteristics and outcomes of 160 patients with high-grade B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (HGBL-NOS)-a rare category defined by high-grade morphologic features and lack of MYC rearrangements with BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements ("double hit"). Our results show that HGBL-NOS tumors are heterogeneous: 83% of patients had a germinal center B-cell immunophenotype, 37% a dual-expressor immunophenotype (MYC and BCL2 expression), 28% MYC rearrangement, 13% BCL2 rearrangement, and 11% BCL6 rearrangement. Most patients presented with stage IV disease, a high serum lactate dehydrogenase, and other high-risk clinical factors. Most frequent first-line regimens included dose-adjusted cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide, with rituximab and prednisone (DA-EPOCH-R; 43%); rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP; 33%); or other intensive chemotherapy programs. We found no significant differences in the rates of complete response (CR), progression-free survival (PFS), or overall survival (OS) between these chemotherapy regimens. CR was attained by 69% of patients. PFS at 2 years was 55.2% and OS was 68.1%. In a multivariable model, the main prognostic factors for PFS and OS were poor performance status, lactate dehydrogenase >3 × upper limit of normal, and a dual-expressor immunophenotype. Age >60 years or presence of MYC rearrangement were not prognostic, but patients with TP53 alterations had a dismal PFS. Presence of MYC rearrangement was not predictive of better PFS in patients treated with DA-EPOCH-R vs R-CHOP. Improvements in the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches beyond dose-intense chemotherapy are needed to overcome the unfavorable prognosis of patients with HGBL-NOS.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/diagnóstico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Vincristina/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Etoposídeo , Lactato DesidrogenasesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who are ineligible for and/or fail high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in the second line are poor. There is no preferred palliative-intent treatment for patients in this setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the nationwide de-identified electronic health record-derived Flatiron Health database. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated for patients with R/R DLBCL who were ineligible for and/or failed autologous stem cell transplantation in the second line and received bendamustine, gemcitabine, or lenalidomide. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty-three patients were included. Therapy received was bendamustine in 158 patients, gemcitabine in 142 patients, and lenalidomide in 83 patients. The median EFS and OS for all patients was 4.1 months and 8.7 months, respectively. Compared with patients receiving bendamustine or gemcitabine, those receiving lenalidomide demonstrated significantly longer median EFS (6.8 vs. 3.8 months; P = .006) and median OS (15.4 vs. 7.7 months; P = .045). Survival outcomes were also improved for lenalidomide-treated patients specifically in the second- as well as third- or fourth-line settings. CONCLUSION: Use of lenalidomide resulted in prolonged EFS and OS as compared with bendamustine or gemcitabine in this cohort of patients with R/R DLBCL receiving palliative therapy. This first large-scale analysis of real-world outcomes for this patient population may guide current clinical management as well as serve as a benchmark for survival outcomes in the standard-of-care setting, which may aid in the design of future clinical trials.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
There is a paucity of data regarding outcomes and response to standard therapy in patients with limited-stage (LS) agressive B-cell lymphoma (LS-ABCL) who harbor MYC rearrangement (MYC-R) with or without BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of MYC-R LS-ABCL patients who received either rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), or more intensive immunochemotherapy (IIC) plus or minus consolidative involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT). One hundred four patients from 15 academic centers were included. Forty four patients (42%) received R-CHOP, of whom 52% had IFRT. Sixty patients (58%) received IIC, of whom 40% had IFRT. Overall response rate was 91% (84% complete response [CR]; 7% partial response). Patients with double-hit lymphoma (DHL; n = 40) had a lower CR rate compared with patients with MYC-R only (75% vs 98%; P = .003). CR rate was higher in the IFRT vs no-IFRT group (98% vs 72%; P < .001). Median follow-up was 3.2 years; 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overal survival (OS) were 78% and 86% for the entire cohort, and 74% and 81% for the DHL patients, respectively. PFS and OS were similar across treatment groups (IFRT vs no IFRT, R-CHOP vs IIC) in the entire cohort and in DHL patients. Our data provide a historical benchmark for MYC-R LS-ABCL and LS-DHL patients and show that outcomes for this population may be better than previously recognized. There was no benefit of using IIC over R-CHOP in patients with MYC-R LS-ABCL and LS-DHL.
Assuntos
Citogenética/métodos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) transformed from follicular lymphoma (FL) (tDLBCL) has been traditionally associated with an aggressive course, but more recent studies have shown longer survivals. The clinical significance of concurrent FL at the time of diagnosis of DLBCL (cDLBCL/FL) is less clear. We compared outcomes of tDLBCL, cDLBCL/FL, and de novo DLBCL (dDLBCL) and then evaluated the impact of double hit (DH) rearrangements (MYC with BCL2 and/or BCL6) in these subgroups' outcomes. The progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not significantly different among the three groups (dDLBCL, tDLBCL, and cDLBCL/FL). The effect of DH on survival was then analyzed in two subgroups: (1) dDLBCL and (2) tDLBCL + cDLBCL/FL. PFS and OS were significantly shorter in lymphomas with DH in each of these two subgroups. We conclude that DH status drives outcomes in all DLBCLs, regardless of their transformation status.
Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Linfoma Folicular/mortalidade , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/mortalidade , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/mortalidade , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/mortalidade , Idoso , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Feminino , Rearranjo Gênico , Humanos , Linfoma Folicular/complicações , Linfoma Folicular/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Folicular/genética , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/etiologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/genética , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/tratamento farmacológico , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/genética , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-6/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma is usually fatal due to serial relapses that become progressively refractory to therapy. CD19 is typically absent on the dominant multiple myeloma cell population but may be present on minor subsets with unique myeloma-propagating properties. To target myeloma-propagating cells, we clinically evaluated autologous T cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against CD19 (CTL019). METHODS: Subjects received CTL019 following salvage high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). All subjects had relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and had previously undergone ASCT with less than 1 year progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: ASCT + CTL019 was safe and feasible, with most toxicity attributable to ASCT and no severe cytokine release syndrome. Two of 10 subjects exhibited significantly longer PFS after ASCT + CTL019 compared with prior ASCT (479 vs. 181 days; 249 vs. 127 days). Correlates of favorable clinical outcome included peak CTL019 frequency in bone marrow and emergence of humoral and cellular immune responses against the stem-cell antigen Sox2. Ex vivo treatment of primary myeloma samples with a combination of CTL019 and CAR T cells against the plasma cell antigen BCMA reliably inhibited myeloma colony formation in vitro, whereas treatment with either CAR alone inhibited colony formation inconsistently. CONCLUSION: CTL019 may improve duration of response to standard multiple myeloma therapies by targeting and precipitating secondary immune responses against myeloma-propagating cells. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02135406. FUNDING: Novartis, NIH, Conquer Cancer Foundation.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD19/imunologia , Imunoterapia Adotiva/métodos , Melfalan/uso terapêutico , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Antígeno de Maturação de Linfócitos B/imunologia , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Feminino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Melfalan/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/imunologia , Agonistas Mieloablativos/uso terapêutico , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/administração & dosagem , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/imunologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Transplante Autólogo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Richter's transformation (RT) is the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into rapidly progressive B-cell lymphoma. This disease has long been recognized as a difficult-to-treat illness with poor survival outcomes. Although the incidence of RT has been well documented in previous studies, less is understood in the era of novel therapeutics, such as kinase inhibitors (KIs). The present review discusses the current risk factors, incidence, and outcomes of patients with RT in the modern era of KI therapy. Although the outcomes remain poor for RT patients after KI therapy, the most up-to-date studies have shown no increased incidence of RT in this patient population. Additionally, the present review reports the outcomes from the most recent data on novel therapies under investigation for patients with RT.
Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica/efeitos dos fármacos , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/patologia , Linfoma de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma de Células B/patologiaRESUMO
PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging has gained a prominent role in the diagnosis and staging of malignancies. In lymphoma the role of PET/CT imaging continues to evolve as the understanding of its use in prognostication and response assessment improves. Currently, many groups are studying the potential function of PET/CT imaging in helping to direct management decisions for treating clinicians. This article summarizes the most up-to-date literature surrounding the topic of PET/CT-adaptive treatment of different lymphoma subjects. Although more studies are necessary to solidify the role of PET/CT, it is clear that this imaging modality holds much promise for the development of response-adaptive treatment algorithms in the future.