Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 14 de 14
Filtrar
1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(4)2021 Feb 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33579027

RESUMO

Mothers confer natural passive immunization to their infants through the transplacental pathway during the gestation period. The objective of the present study was to establish at birth the maternal and cord plasma concentration and relationship of immunoglobulins (Igs), cytokines (CKs), and adipokines. In addition, the impact of the maternal microbiota and diet was explored. The plasma profile of these components was different between mothers and babies, with the levels of many CKs, IgM, IgG2a, IgE, IgA, and leptin significantly higher in mothers than in the cord sample. Moreover, the total Igs, all IgG subtypes, IgE, and the Th1/Th2 ratio positively correlated in the mother-infant pair. Maternal dietary components such as monounsaturated fatty acids-polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber were positively associated with some immune factors such as IgA in cord samples. The microbiota composition clustering also influenced the plasma profile of some factors (i.e., many CKs, some Ig, and adiponectin). In conclusion, we have established the concentration of these immunomodulatory factors in the maternal-neonatal pair at birth, some positive associations, and the influence of maternal diet and the microbiota composition, suggesting that the immune status during pregnancy, in terms of CKs and Igs levels, can influence the immune status of the infant at birth.


Assuntos
Citocinas/sangue , Dieta , Sangue Fetal , Imunoglobulinas/sangue , Microbiota , Adipocinas/sangue , Adipocinas/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/química , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade , Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Gravidez
2.
J Dairy Sci ; 103(4): 2982-2992, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32008776

RESUMO

Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 has shown immunomodulatory action and reduction of infections; therefore, it is suggested to be appropriate for use in early life. The present study aimed to assess the effects of the supplementation of L. fermentum CECT5716 in rats during gestation and lactation periods on the composition of some mammary milk components such as microbiota, fatty acid (FA) profile, and immunoglobulins. Wistar rats were supplemented by oral gavage with 1010 cfu/d of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (n = 6) or vehicle (n = 6) for 5 wk, comprising the 3 wk of gestation and the first 2 wk of lactation. At the end of the intervention, milk, mammary glands, and cecal contents were obtained for the tracking of the probiotic strain by nested PCR-quantitative PCR. Additionally, milk samples were used for the analysis of microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing, FA by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, and immunoglobulin by Luminex (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX). Although L. fermentum CECT5716 administration did not modify the overall composition of milk microbiota, the strain was detected in 50% of the milk samples of rats supplemented with the probiotic. Moreover, probiotic administration induced beneficial changes in the FA composition of milk by increasing total PUFA, including linoleic and α-linolenic acids, and decreasing the proportion of palmitic acid. Finally, the milk of the rats treated with the probiotic showed a 2-fold increase of IgA levels. The supplementation with L. fermentum CECT5716 during pregnancy and lactation periods improved the milk composition of FA and immunoglobulins. These effects were not linked to the presence of the strain in milk, thus suggesting that the mechanism is connected to intestinal compartment. These findings provide novel insight into a potential new approach for infants to benefit from better nutrition, development of a healthy immune system and microbiota, and protection from gastrointestinal infections.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Lactação , Limosilactobacillus fermentum , Leite/química , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Glândulas Mamárias Humanas , Microbiota , Gravidez , Probióticos , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
3.
Nutrients ; 15(8)2023 Apr 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37111215

RESUMO

Viral infections are described as modifying host gene expression; however, there is limited insight regarding rotavirus (RV) infections. This study aimed to assess the changes in intestinal gene expression after RV infection in a preclinical model, and the effect of 2-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) on this process. From days 2 to 8 of life, rats were supplemented with the dietary oligosaccharide 2'-FL or vehicle. In addition, an RV was inoculated on day 5 to nonsupplemented animals (RV group) and to 2'-FL-fed animals (RV+2'-FL group). Incidence and severity of diarrhea were established. A portion from the middle part of the small intestine was excised for gene expression analysis by microarray kit and qPCR. In nonsupplemented animals, RV-induced diarrhea upregulated host antiviral genes (e.g., Oas1a, Irf7, Ifi44, Isg15) and downregulated several genes involved in absorptive processes and intestinal maturation (e.g., Onecut2, and Ccl19). The 2'-FL-supplemented and infected animals had less diarrhea; however, their gene expression was affected in a similar way as the control-infected animals, with the exception of some immunity/maturation markers that were differentially expressed (e.g., Ccl12 and Afp). Overall, assessing the expression of these key genes may be useful in the evaluation of the efficacy of nutritional interventions or treatments for RV infection.


Assuntos
Infecções por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Animais , Ratos , Infecções por Rotavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Diarreia/terapia , Expressão Gênica
4.
Nutrients ; 14(6)2022 Mar 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35334820

RESUMO

Rotavirus (RV) is the main cause of gastroenteritis in children. Prebiotics and, more recently, postbiotics are used for preventing and treating gastrointestinal infections. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a LactofidusTM, short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS) and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS) mixture, and their combination on RV infection, in a rat model, for early life diarrhea. Fifteen litters of suckling rats were intragastrically administered daily with the vehicle, the prebiotic mixture, the postbiotic or the combination. The RV was inoculated on day 5 and then fecal samples were clinically evaluated daily. Viral shedding, intestinal permeability assay, in vitro blocking assay, immunoglobulin profiles, and anti-RV response were assessed at day 8 and 16 of life. Cecal microbiota composition, intestinal gene expression, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed at day 16. The incidence and severity of diarrhea were significantly reduced by all the supplementations. Moreover, they showed blocking activity, changes in the immunoglobulin profiles, in gut microbiota, and in the intestinal gene expression. The prebiotic mixture reduced gut permeability and changed the SCFA profile, whereas the postbiotic enhanced the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The combination preserved most of the individual observed effects, and furthermore, complementary effects, such as an increase in white blood cells and lymphocytes recruitment, as well as upregulation of TLR7 and TLR9 gene expression.


Assuntos
Infecções por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Animais , Diarreia/prevenção & controle , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologia , Oligossacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Prebióticos , Ratos , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle
5.
Nutrients ; 13(6)2021 May 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34073540

RESUMO

Breast milk components contribute to the infant's immune development and protection, and among other immune factors, immunoglobulins (Igs) are the most studied. The presence of IgA in milk has been known for a long time; however, less information is available about the presence of other Igs such as IgM, IgG, and their subtypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) or even IgE or IgD. The total Ig concentration and profile will change during the course of lactation; however, there is a great variability among studies due to several variables that limit establishing a clear pattern. In this context, the aim of this review was firstly to shed light on the Ig concentration in breast milk based on scientific evidence and secondly to study the main factors contributing to such variability. A search strategy provided only 75 studies with the prespecified eligibility criteria. The concentrations and proportions found have been established based on the intrinsic factors of the study-such as the sampling time and quantification technique-as well as participant-dependent factors, such as lifestyle and environment. All these factors contribute to the variability of the immunoglobulinome described in the literature and should be carefully addressed for further well-designed studies and data interpretation.


Assuntos
Imunoglobulinas/análise , Leite Humano/química , Leite Humano/imunologia , Aleitamento Materno , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A , Imunoglobulina G , Lactente , Lactação , Estilo de Vida , Manejo de Espécimes
6.
Nutrients ; 13(9)2021 Aug 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34578853

RESUMO

Human milk serves as a model for infant formula providing nutritional solutions for infants not able to receive enough mother's milk. Infant formulas aim to mimic the composition and functionality of human milk by providing ingredients reflecting those of the latest human milk insights, such as prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the supplementation with a postbiotic (LactofidusTM) and its combination with the prebiotics short-chain galactooligosaccharides (scGOS) and long-chain fructooligosaccharides (lcFOS) in a preclinical model of healthy suckling rats. Pups were supplemented daily with LactofidusTM (POST group) and/or scGOS/lcFOS (P+P and PRE groups, respectively). Body weight and fecal consistency were analyzed. At the end of the study, immunoglobulin (Ig) profile, intestinal gene expression, microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) proportion were quantified. The supplementation with all nutritional interventions modulated the Ig profile, but the prebiotic mixture and the postbiotic induced differential effects: whereas scGOS/lcFOS induced softer feces and modulated microbiota composition and SCFA profile, Lactofidus™ upregulated Toll-like receptors gene expression. The use of the combination of scGOS/lcFOS and Lactofidus™ showed the effects observed for the oligosaccharides separately, as well as showing a synergistic impact on animal growth. Thus, the combined use of both products seems to be a good strategy to modulate immune and microbial features in early life.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Imunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade/imunologia , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Modelos Animais , Prebióticos/microbiologia , Ratos
7.
Nutrients ; 12(8)2020 Jul 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32718017

RESUMO

The study's objective was to ascertain whether a nutritional multivitamin and mineral supplement enriched with two different dietary fibers influences microbiota composition, mineral absorption, and some immune and metabolic biomarkers in adult rats. Nine-week-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: the reference group; the group receiving a daily supplement based on a food matrix with proteins, vitamins, and minerals; and two other groups receiving this supplement enriched with inulin (V + I) or acacia (V + A) fiber for four weeks. Microbiota composition was determined in cecal content and mineral content in fecal, blood, and femur samples. Intestinal IgA concentration, hematological, and biochemical variables were evaluated. Both V + I and V + A supplementations increased Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla, which were associated with a higher presence of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. V + A supplementation increased calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc concentrations in femur. V + I supplementation increased the fecal IgA content and reduced plasma total cholesterol and uric acid concentration. Both fiber-enriched supplements tested herein seem to be beneficial to gut-health, although differently.


Assuntos
Acacia/química , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Vitaminas/análise , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Ceco , Fezes/química , Feminino , Humanos , Magnésio , Masculino , Minerais/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
8.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 8(3)2020 Jun 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32610542

RESUMO

Rotaviruses (RVs) are the leading pathogens causing severe and acute diarrhea in children and animals. It is well known that sex contributes to shaping immune responses, thus it could also influence the incidence and severity of the RV infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of sexual dimorphism on RV infection and its antibody (Ab) immune response in a suckling rat model. Neonatal suckling rats were intragastrically RV-inoculated and clinical indexes derived from fecal samples, as well as immune variables were evaluated. Higher severity of diarrhea, fecal weight and viral elimination were observed in males compared to females (p < 0.05). Regarding the adaptative immunity, the RV shaped the immune response to lower IgG1 levels and an increased Th1/Th2-associated Ab response (p < 0.05). Although females had lower IgG2a levels than males (p < 0.05), the specific anti-RV antibody levels were not sex influenced. In fact, at this age the passive transfer of anti-RV antibodies through breast milk was the critical factor for clustering animals, independently of their sex. It can be concluded that male and female diarrhea severity in RV infection is slightly influenced by sexual dimorphism and is not associated with the specific immune response against the virus.

9.
Cells ; 9(3)2020 02 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32121244

RESUMO

Probiotics have shown potential for their use in early life. This study aimed to investigate whether the administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 during pregnancy and lactation periods impacts maternal and offspring plasma lipid profile, immune system and microbiota. Rats were supplemented with the probiotic during gestation and two weeks of lactation. After supplementation, although the microbiota composition was not affected, the probiotic strain was detected in all cecal contents of dams and in some of their pups. Dams showed reduced proportion of T cytotoxic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, modulation of intestinal cytokines (IL-10 and IL-12) and changes in plasma fatty acids (20:0, 22:0, 20:5 n-3, and 18:3 n-6). Pups showed changes in immunoglobulins (intestinal IgA and plasmatic IgG2a and IgG2c) and fatty acid profile (17:0, 22:0, and 18:2 n-6). Overall, Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 supplementation contributed to beneficially modulating the immune system of the mother and its offspring.


Assuntos
Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/metabolismo , Lipídeos/química , Microbiota/efeitos dos fármacos , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Feminino , Lactação , Masculino , Gravidez , Probióticos/farmacologia , Ratos
10.
Nutrients ; 12(2)2020 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32075234

RESUMO

Probiotic supplementation with different lactobacilli and bifidobacterial strains has demonstrated beneficial effects in infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus (RV) in young children. Preclinical models of RV infection might be a good strategy to screen for the efficacy of new probiotic strains or to test their comparative efficacy. Neonatal Lewis rats were supplemented with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, or Lactobacillus salivarius PS2 from days 2-14 of life. On day five, animals received RV SA-11 orally. Fecal samples were collected daily, weighed, and scored for the calculation of severity and incidence of diarrhea. In addition, fecal pH and fecal viral shedding were measured. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the study and their blood was obtained for the quantification of RV-specific immunoglobulins. RV infection was induced in ~90% of the animals. All probiotics caused a reduction of several clinical variables of severity and incidence of diarrhea, except L. salivarius PS2. L. acidophilus NCFM, B. breve M-16V, and L. helveticus R0052 seemed to be very effective probiotic strains. In addition, all Lactobacillus strains reduced the viral elimination one day post-inoculation. No differences were detected in the specific anti-RV humoral response. The present study highlights the strain-specific effects of probiotics and identifies promising probiotics for use in ameliorating and preventing RV-induced diarrhea in children, for example by including them in infant formulas.


Assuntos
Bifidobacterium , Disenteria/prevenção & controle , Disenteria/virologia , Lactobacillus , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Rotavirus , Administração Oral , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fezes/virologia , Ratos Endogâmicos Lew , Rotavirus/fisiologia , Eliminação de Partículas Virais
11.
Nutrients ; 12(2)2020 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31991792

RESUMO

The present study aimed to analyze the rat breast milk profile of fatty acids (FA), immunoglobulins (Ig), microbiota, and their relationship, and to further assess their associations in the mother-offspring pair. Dams were monitored during the three weeks of gestation, allowed to deliver at term, and followed during two weeks of lactation. At the end of the study, milk was obtained from the dams for the analysis of fatty acids, microbiota composition, immunoglobulins, and cytokines. Moreover, the cecal content and plasma were obtained from both the dams and pups to study the cecal microbiota composition and the plasmatic levels of fatty acids, immunoglobulins, and cytokines. Rat breast milk lipid composition was ~65% saturated FA, ~15% monounsaturated FA, and ~20% polyunsaturated FA. Moreover, the proportions of IgM, IgG, and IgA were ~2%, ~88%, and ~10%, respectively. Breast milk was dominated by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes phyla. In addition, forty genera were shared between the milk and cecal content of dams and pups. The correlations performed between variables showed, for example, that all IgGs subtypes correlated between the three compartments, evidencing their association in the mother-milk-pup line. We established the profile of FA, Ig, and the microbiota composition of rat breast milk. Several correlations in these variables evidenced their association through the mother-milk-pup line. Therefore, it would be interesting to perform dietary interventions during pregnancy and/or lactation that influence the quality of breast milk and have an impact on the offspring.


Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Lactação , Leite , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Leite/química , Leite/imunologia , Leite/microbiologia , Valor Nutritivo , Gravidez , Ratos Wistar
12.
Cells ; 8(8)2019 08 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31405262

RESUMO

Colonization of the gut in early life can be altered through multiple environmental factors. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a mixture of short-chain galactooligosaccharides/long-chain fructooligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) 9:1 and their combination (scGOS/lcFOS/2'-FL) on dysbiosis induced during rotavirus (RV) diarrhea in neonatal rats, elucidating crosstalk between bacteria and the immune system. The dietary interventions were administered daily by oral gavage at days 2-8 of life in neonatal Lewis rats. On day 5, RV SA11 was intragastrically delivered to induce infection and diarrhea assessment, microbiota composition, and gene expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the small intestine were studied. All dietary interventions showed reduction in clinical variables of RV-induced diarrhea. RV infection increased TLR2 expression, whereas 2'-FL boosted TLR5 and TLR7 expressions and scGOS/lcFOS increased that of TLR9. RV-infected rats displayed an intestinal dysbiosis that was effectively prevented by the dietary interventions, and consequently, their microbiota was more similar to microbiota of the noninfected groups. The preventive effect of 2'-FL, scGOS/lcFOS, and their combination on dysbiosis associated to RV diarrhea in rats could be due to changes in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the innate immune system.


Assuntos
Disbiose/tratamento farmacológico , Disbiose/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologia , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Diarreia/microbiologia , Disbiose/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos Lew , Rotavirus , Infecções por Rotavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Rotavirus/microbiologia
13.
Front Immunol ; 10: 1773, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31417553

RESUMO

Human milk oligosaccharides are unconjugated complex glycans present in high concentration in human milk that serve as pre-biotics and immunomodulators. They are not primarily absorbed or metabolized by the infant and reach the lower part of the intestinal tract unaltered. One of the main oligosaccharides found in human milk is 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL). This study aimed to investigate the effects of daily oral administration of 2'-FL in healthy suckling rats. From days 2 to 16 of life, rats were daily given the oligosaccharide (2'-FL) or vehicle (REF), weighed and their stool characteristics were assessed. On days 8 and 16 of life the morphometry, intestinal architecture, and cytokine release, mesenteric lymph nodes cell composition, plasma immunoglobulin concentrations, fecal microbiota composition, cecal short-chain fatty acids content, and the urinary metabolic profile were assessed. Animals given 2'-FL showed higher plasma IgG and IgA and more T cell subsets in the mesenteric lymph nodes on day 16. Moreover, at intestinal level, villus heights, and areas were increased on day 8. Cecal samples displayed a higher Lactobacillus proportion and a different urinary metabolic profile was observed on day 8, and a higher proportion of butyrate on day 16. In conclusion, supplementation of 2'-FL in early life has a pre-biotic and intestinal trophic effect and promotes maturation of the immune system.


Assuntos
Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Prebióticos , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Trissacarídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Ceco/imunologia , Ceco/metabolismo , Ceco/microbiologia , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Lactobacillus/imunologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos Lew , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismo
14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30406046

RESUMO

Rotavirus (RV) is considered to be the most common cause of gastroenteritis among infants aged less than 5 years old. Human milk bioactive compounds have the ability to modulate the diarrheic process caused by several intestinal pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective role of a specific human milk oligosaccharide, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a mixture of the prebiotic short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides 9:1 (GOS/FOS) and their combination (2'-FL+GOS/FOS) on RV-induced diarrhea in suckling rats. The nutritional intervention was performed from the second to the sixteenth day of life by oral gavage and on day 5 an RV strain was orally administered to induce infection. Fecal samples were scored daily to assess the clinical pattern of severity, incidence and duration of diarrhea. Blood and tissues were obtained at day 8 and 16 in order to evaluate the effects on the epithelial barrier and the mucosal and systemic immune responses. In the assessment of severity, incidence and duration of diarrhea, both 2'-FL and GOS/FOS displayed a beneficial effect in terms of amelioration. However, the mechanisms involved seemed to differ: 2'-FL displayed a direct ability to promote intestinal maturation and to enhance neonatal immune responses, while GOS/FOS induced an intestinal trophic effect and an RV-blocking action. The combination of 2'-FL and GOS/FOS showed additive effects in some variables. Therefore, it could be a good strategy to add these compounds in combination to infant formulas, to protect against human RV-induced diarrhea in children.


Assuntos
Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Rotavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Trissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Diarreia/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fezes/virologia , Ratos , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rotavirus/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA