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OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the available scientific evidence from in vitro studies regarding the effect induced by the flavonoids contained in grape seed extracts (GSE) and cranberry on the microbiological activity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). METHODS: This systematic review was performed following the parameters of the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). Electronic and manual searches were conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. Reference lists of selected articles were reviewed to identify relevant studies. The search was not limited by year and was conducted solely in English. Eligible studies comprised publications describing in vitro studies that evaluated the effect of flavonoids derived from GSE and cranberry extracts on the microbiological activity of S. mutans. Common variables were identified to consolidate the data. Authors of this review independently screened search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. RESULTS: Of the 420 studies identified from the different databases, 22 publications were finally selected for review. The risk of bias was low in 13 articles and moderate in 9. The studies analyzed in this review revealed that cranberry extract has an inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth of S. mutans in ranges from 0.5 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL, and GSE exerts a similar effect from 0.5 mg/mL to 250 mg/mL. Additionally, the extracts or their fractions showed reduced biofilm formation capacity, decreased polymicrobial biofilm biomass, deregulation of glycosyltransferases (Gtf) B and C expression, and buffering of pH drop. In addition to adequate antioxidant activity related to polyphenol content. CONCLUSIONS: The overall results showed that the extracts of cranberry and grape seed were effective in reducing the virulence factors of the oral pathogen. According to the data, proanthocyanidins are the active components in cranberry and grape seed that effectively resist S. mutans. They can inhibit the formation of insoluble polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix and prevent glycan-mediated adhesion, cohesion, and aggregation of the proteins in S. mutans. This suggests that these natural extracts could play an important role in the prevention of cariogenic bacterial colonization, as well as induce a decrease in their microbiological activity.
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Flavonoides , Extrato de Sementes de Uva , Extratos Vegetais , Streptococcus mutans , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Vitis , Proantocianidinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Culturable and unculturable microorganisms have been associated with periodontitis. Their differential proportions and composition have not been evaluated by their severity and complexity defined by stages in the 2018 AAP-EEP classification. METHODS: One hundred eighty subgingival biofilm samples were collected in Spain and Colombia from subjects categorized as health/gingivitis: periodontitis stages I/II periodontitis stages III/IV. Target culturable microorganisms (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Eubacterium nodatum) and target unculturable microorganisms (Filifactor alocis, Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium brachy, Desulfobulbus oralis) were evaluated by quantitative PCR analysis. In addition, their differences and association with periodontal status were analyzed by ANCOVA and logistic regression models once adjusted to age, current smoking, and country. RESULTS: P. gingivalis was significantly associated with periodontitis stages I/II, OR 2.44 (CI 95% 1.08-5.47) and stages III/V, OR 6.43 (CI 95% 2.43-16.9). T forsythia, OR 7.53 (CI 95% 2.07-27.4); D. oralis, OR 5.99 (CI 95% 2.71-13.23); F. alocis, OR 10.9 (CI 95% 4.56-23.2); E. brachy, 3.57 (CI 95% 1.40-9.11); and E. saphenum, 4.85 (CI 95% 1.99-11.7) were significantly associated only with stages III/IV periodontitis. P. gingivalis evidenced significant differences with the increase in the severity of the periodontal lesion: 2.97 colony forming unit (CFU)/µL (CI 95% 2.32-3.54) health/gingivitis, and 4.66 CFU/µL (CI 95% 4.03-5.30) and 5.90 CFU/µL (CI 95% 5.20-6.48) in stages I/II and III/IV respectively (p < 0.0001). Unculturable microorganisms only evidenced differences in concentration in stages III/IV compared with health-gingivitis (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: Culturable and unculturable are strongly associated with stages III/IV periodontitis. Classic culturable microorganisms are more sensitive to differentiate between stages of periodontitis in the quantitative analysis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Future interventional studies of periodontal disease should include Filifactor alocis, Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium brachy, and Desulfobulbus oralis as possible markers of therapy response and as indicators of progressive disease.
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Gengivite , Periodontite , Humanos , Bacteroides , Periodontite/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Gengivite/complicações , Treponema denticola , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansRESUMO
OBJECT: To identify the perception of barriers to the comprehensive management of cleft lip and palate (CLP) by parents/caregivers of Colombian children with this condition. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Fifty parents/caregivers of children with CLP under 12 years attending a center specialized in the management of craniofacial congenital conditions in Bogota, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study consisted of 2 phases: a quantitative phase (descriptive cross-sectional) and a qualitative phase (focus group [FG]). Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the association variables. The barriers and alternative ways to overcome barriers were analyzed in the FG. RESULTS: Comprehensive management was mostly defined as access to multiple treatments (54%), and this concept was expanded in the FG toward understanding CLP at all levels. Monoparental families spend their income on treatments (29%) than nuclear families (0%) (P = .001). All parents with high education levels were familiar with healthcare centers specialized in CLP as opposed to 66.7% of parents with basic primary education (P < .05). Regarding the timeliness of appointments, 12.2% of parents earning between 1 and 2 minimum wages reported some kind of difficulty, whereas those earning less than one minimum wage reported difficulties in 66.7% of cases (P = .046). CONCLUSIONS: All participants reported barriers, which increased or decreased depending on their socioeconomic status. The FG allowed the discussion of alternatives to overcome barriers, such as structural, solidarity, and self-management actions.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Criança , Humanos , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Colômbia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Estudos Transversais , Pais , PercepçãoRESUMO
Oral cancer (OC) is a multifactorial disease caused by isolated or combined risk factors related to tobacco, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection. It is an aggressive pathology with a low five-year survival rate after surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy, frequently associated with severe side effects. Drugs with the highest anti-tumor effect are obtained from natural products with diverse biological and molecular activities and potential chemopreventive and anticancer properties. This review summarizes the natural products reported to have the chemopreventive and anti-tumor potential for OC treatment, showing that several of these compounds are promising candidates as chemopreventive agents, and those with the highest anti-tumor potential induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation and metastasis-related processes. For this reason, natural products have the potential to be important preventive and therapeutic options for OC in the future.
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Anticarcinógenos , Produtos Biológicos , Neoplasias Bucais , Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia , Anticarcinógenos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Bucais/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To validate a questionnaire for the identification of factors associated with erosive tooth wear (ETW) in adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on previous questionnaires, a 73-question instrument was designed (four domains: socio-demographics, general/oral health history, diet and oral care habits). Content validity was assessed by five external experts, and the questions' understandability was evaluated in a pilot study (10 adolescents). Three internal experts agreed on modifications. Construct validity was assessed after the resulting questionnaire was applied to 454 12- to 15-year olds from Bogotá (Colombia). Statistical analyses included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS: After the content validation, 52% of the questions were excluded and remaining 38 questions were adjusted. Construct validation: The EFA resulted in the regrouping of questions into the three remaining domains (KMO = 0.68; Bartlett's test: p < 0.001). Internal consistency was good (general questionnaire Cronbach's α = 0.67; individual factors' Cronbach's α = 0.30-0.69; ICC = 0.39-0.62; p < 0.001), and the model showed satisfactory fit. CFA showed good convergent and discriminatory validity suggesting the elimination of 14 additional questions (χ2 = 238.518; p > 0.086; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.017; PRATIO = 0.76). The final validated questionnaire comprised 24 questions (general/oral health history: n = 5; dietary habits: n = 15; oral care habits: n = 4). CONCLUSION: The validation of the ETW questionnaire for adolescents was satisfactory and resulted in a short applicable questionnaire version. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study achieved a satisfactorily validated, short, and applicable questionnaire for assessing erosive tooth wear risk factors in adolescents, recommended for the clinical practice, research, and epidemiology.
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Atrito Dentário , Desgaste dos Dentes , Adolescente , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Desgaste dos Dentes/etiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Craniofacial growth is a dynamic and unpredictable process influenced by genetic and environmental factors, presenting phenotypic and gender differences. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the differences in craniofacial growth and development in a group of Colombian individuals with complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) and without CLP, classified by gender and age. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Five hundred forty-one profile radiographs of 126 patients with unilateral CLP, 126 with bilateral CLP, and 289 without CLP. All patients of affected groups had a history of CLP correction surgery without nasoalveolar molding with orthopedic and orthodontic treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed comparing 8 cephalometric measurements on radiographs, 5 linear/3 angular. Analysis was performed by median and interquartile range for all cephalometric measurements. Comparison between the groups was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U, with a 95% confidence. RESULTS: Significant differences between the groups of patients with and without CLP, between types of clefts and genders. The skeletal structures of patients with CLP were smaller than those of control but improved with growth. Patients with unilateral CLP presented flat profiles and predominant class III malocclusions, while patients with bilateral CLP, at early ages, were class II and in the prepubertal stage, the values were progressively negative until the end of the growth period, suggesting class III. Patients with CLP presented posteroinferior rotation of the mandible, vertical measurements increased, and deflection of the cranial base. CONCLUSION: Given their growth alterations, patients with CLP benefit from orthopedic and orthodontic treatment.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Cefalometria , Fenda Labial/diagnóstico por imagem , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/diagnóstico por imagem , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Maxila/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The reconstructive approach for microtia should employ a surgical technique that reconstructs the atrial anatomy; therefore, multiple surgical techniques have been described, and these have undergone variations due to adaptation by different authors. This study aims to assess the postoperative safety and satisfaction of patients with microtia undergoing surgery with the ear reconstruction technique. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients undergoing ear reconstruction with costochondral grafts. The patients were treated in the craniomaxillofacial surgery services of hospitals in Mexico and Colombia from 2008 to 2018. All medical records from the entire study population were included, including complete photographic records and informed consents. A descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the clinical variables and complications. Bivariate analysis was performed using Fisher's exact χ2 test to explore the relationship between clinical and demographic variables with respect to complications. RESULTS: A total of 410 patients were followed for a period of 12 to 16 months. Only 10% of the sample presented some type of complication. A common complication was dehiscence of the atrial area (23 patients), as well as poor anatomical reproduction (7 patients) due to the collapse of the drainage tubes in the first postoperative phase. No connection was found between the presence of complications and side or type, and no congenital anomalies were found to be associated with microtia (P > .05). The helix and the antihelix were the anatomical areas with greater satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS: Costochondral cartilage is the gold standard reconstruction technique; the results of this study suggest a low complication rate and high scores of satisfaction after reconstruction. However, the technique requires constant adaptation to obtain better satisfaction results.
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Microtia Congênita , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Microtia Congênita/cirurgia , Orelha Externa/cirurgia , Humanos , Satisfação do Paciente , Satisfação Pessoal , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate and compare the performance of autofluorescence, chemiluminescence, and clinical visual examination in the detection of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), oral cancer (OC), and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis based on diagnostic test studies. A literature search was carried out in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through August 30, 2020. For this review, the quality assessment tool of diagnostic precision studies (QUADAS-2) was used. Hierarchical regression models were used to estimate pooled diagnostic precision values in a random effects model. RESULTS: A total of 40 studies were identified for this review according to each test evaluated: 5.562 samples for autofluorescence, 1.353 samples for chemiluminescence, and 1.892 samples for clinical examination. The summary measures sensitivity and specificity of the clinical examination were 63% and 78%, respectively, AUC = 0.78 95% CI (0.74-0.81). In the autofluorescence test, these were 86% and 72%, respectively, AUC = 0.86 95% CI (0.83-0.89); and the chemiluminescent test were 67% and 48%, respectively, AUC = 0.59 95% CI (0.54-0.63) CONCLUSIONS: Autofluorescence devices displayed superior accuracy levels in the identification of premalignant lesions and early neoplastic changes compared to clinical examination and chemiluminescent test. Overall, biopsy remains the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of OPMD, OC, and OPC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Light-based clinical methods such as autofluorescence and chemiluminescence techniques have been used in clinical diagnosis for the differentiation of OPMD and malignant and benign lesions; although detailed visual examination appears to be effective in identifying, previous systematic reviews have not evaluated a relevant number of studies and they did not evaluate the accuracy of the clinical examination.
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Neoplasias Bucais , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Orofaringe , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 in Colombia was detected on March 6, 2020. Subsequently, schools, colleges, and universities were closed on March 26, which forced a massive migration to virtual education and impacted laboratory-based teaching courses. The teaching of biochemistry requires an experimental component that virtual laboratories cannot emulate. To address this concern, the article describes an at-home biochemistry laboratory experience that explores the hydrolysis of starch by α-amylase as a function of enzyme concentration, reaction time, and pH. The general success of the experience was assessed through the quality of information submitted through laboratory reports and feedback from students. A total of 19 laboratory reports were reviewed, and 50 students were surveyed. The analysis indicated that approximately 90% of students expressed favorable opinions about the experience. They understood the objective of the practice, identified the function of each material, and explained the relationship between the obtained results and concepts of enzyme activity presented in theoretical classes. Finally, the study concluded that the at-home laboratory experience is inexpensive and easy to perform outside the traditional laboratory. Furthermore, it enables a genuine practical experience with observations, data collection, analysis, and discussion of results, which meets the expectations for pharmaceutical chemistry students at the Universidad El Bosque in Bogotá, Colombia.
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A class of ion channels that belongs to the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily and is present in specialized neurons that project to the skin has evolved as temperature detectors. These channels are classified into subfamilies, namely canonical (TRPC), melastatin (TRPM), ankyrin (TRPA), and vanilloid (TRPV). Some of these channels are activated by heat (TRPM2/4/5, TRPV1-4), while others by cold (TRPA1, TRPC5, and TRPM8). The general structure of these channels is closely related to that of the voltage-dependent K(+) channels, with their subunits containing six transmembrane segments that form tetramers. Thermal TRP channels are polymodal receptors. That is, they can be activated by temperature, voltage, pH, lipids, and agonists. The high temperature sensitivity in these thermal TRP channels is due to a large enthalpy change (â¼100 kcal/mol), which is about five times the enthalpy change in voltage-dependent gating. The characterization of the macroscopic currents and single-channel analysis demonstrated that gating by temperature is complex and best described by branched or allosteric models containing several closed and open states. The identification of molecular determinants of temperature sensitivity in TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPV3 strongly suggest that thermal sensitivity arises from a specific protein domain.
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Ativação do Canal Iônico , Sensação Térmica , Canais de Potencial de Receptor Transitório/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Humanos , Cinética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Termodinâmica , Canais de Potencial de Receptor Transitório/químicaRESUMO
This article aims to analyze which of the main arthroscopic discopexy techniques has the best results and if there are differences between the techniques for both pain and maxillary intercuspid opening. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA statement. An electronic search was performed with no publication date restriction in PubMed, Ovid and Embase. The PICO criteria: (P) Patients: With temporomandibular internal disorders with discopexy indication. (I) Intervention: Temporomandibular joint arthroscopic discopexy. (C) Comparison: Arthroscopic discopexy among different techniques classified as non-rigid, semi-rigid and rigid. (O) Outcomes: Impact in clinical conditions such as pain and maximum mouth opening. The inclusion criteria were Patients with temporomandibular internal disorders with discopexy indication performed with different techniques classified as non-rigid, semi-rigid and rigid. The outcomes evaluated were pain and maximum mouth opening. Case series, cohort studies, quasi-experimental studies, and randomized clinical trials with at least 3 months of follow-up were included. The exclusion criteria considered were patients with related concomitant surgeries, patients with associated neoplastic disease or connective tissue disease. A total of 1515 joints where 1400 discopexies were performed including 849 females and 204 males. The most common diagnostic was Wilkes stage III in 257 joints. For pain and oral opening, the semi-rigid technique shows the best results median (MD) 4.84 (CI 2.52-7.16; p = 0.001, I2:100%), MD -2.78 (CI -4.34, -1.21; p = 0.001, I2:99%), respectively. The rigid technique has the greatest probability for complications MD 0.14 CI 95% (0.00, -0.28). Although the semi-rigid technique showed better results, there is no statistically significant difference. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Artroscopia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular , Humanos , Artroscopia/métodos , Disco da Articulação Temporomandibular/cirurgia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/cirurgiaRESUMO
Objective: This systematic review aims to describe the clinical outcomes after TMJ arthroscopy followed by intra articular infiltration with different substances. Materials and Methods: A literature search was carried out, the variables were Arthroscopy with different substances, pain and maximal mouth opening. The inclusion criteria were articles that reported infiltration of different substances after arthroscopy. Case series, observational studies, and randomized clinical trials were included. Exclusion criteria were studies that included arthrocentesis, animal studies, connective tissue disease, patients with previous surgeries. Results: Of the 5 studies finally included, the population studied were 346 subjects, of which 315 were female. The mean age was 34.7 (16-77). Regarding diagnoses, Wilkes III and Wilkes IV were taken into account. The most commonly used substance was sodium hyaluronate/hyaluronic acid in 4 of the 5 studies. Conclusion: Multiple substances have been infiltrated within the temporomandibular joint, with sodium hyaluronate/hyaluronic acid being the most studied. However, the benefit of substances like ATM artroscopia adyuvantes has not been clearly established. It is recommended in future studies that the substances and results be evaluated in the same way to obtain more homogeneous studies.
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BACKGROUND: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the leptin receptor (LepR) regulates changes in periodontal tissues and that the overexpression of the receptor for resolvin E1 (ERV1) prevents age- and diabetes-associated alveolar bone loss. METHODS: LepR-deficient transgenic (TG) mice were cross-bred with those overexpressing ERV1 (TG) to generate double-TG mice. In total, 95 mice were divided into four experimental groups: wild type (WT), TG, LepR deficient (db/db), and double transgenic (db/db TG). The groups were followed from 4 weeks up to 16 weeks of age. The natural progression of periodontal disease without any additional method of periodontitis induction was assessed by macroscopic and histomorphometric analyses. Osteoclastic activity was measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. RESULTS: At 4 weeks, ERV1 overexpression prevented weight gain. From Week 8 onward, there was a significant increase in the weight of db/db mice with or without ERV1 overexpression compared to the WT mice, accompanied by an increase in glucose levels. By 8 weeks of age, the percentage of bone loss in the LepR deficiency groups was significantly greater compared to WT mice. ERV1 overexpression in the db/db TG mice prevented early alveolar bone loss; however, it did not impact the development of diabetic bone loss in aging mice after the onset of weight gain and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the overexpression of ERV1 prevents LepR-associated alveolar bone loss during the early phases of periodontal disease by delaying weight gain, diabetes onset, and associated inflammation; however, LepR deficiency increases susceptibility to naturally occurring inflammatory alveolar bone loss as the animal ages, associated with excess weight gain, onset of diabetes, and excess inflammation.
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Accurate determination of the prevalence of erosive tooth wear (ETW) and associated risk factors in adolescents can inform clinical management guidelines. The aim of this analytical cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of ETW in adolescents aged 12-15 years in the municipality of Usaquén in Bogotá, Colombia. Two calibrated examiners clinically assessed ETW using Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) Index (range: 0-3). All tooth surfaces (excluding proximal) were scored to allow estimation of the Highest (0-3) and Total BEWE (sum of Highest BEWE score per sextant: 0-18) scores per patient. Sociodemographic characteristics, ETW risk factors, and caries severity (ICDAS-epi-merged) were evaluated, and their association with the presence of ETW (indicated by a Highest BEWE score of 2-3) was examined using preliminary analyses and logistic regression models. The study sample included 454 adolescents (mean age: 13.5±1.1 years; female: 61.7%), and the prevalence of ETW was 71.6%. The majority of participants exhibited a Highest BEWE score of 3 (58.0%) and a Total BEWE score ≤8 (84.3%). The preliminary analysis showed an association between the presence of ETW and age, caries, and brushing teeth before eating (p-value < 0.05). Risk factors for ETW included always brushing teeth before eating [adjusted Prevalence Ratio (PRa) 1.31, p-value=0.014], presence of extensive carious lesions (PRa 1.23, p-value = 0.024), male gender (PRa 1.14, p-value = 0.028), and age > 14 years (PRa 1.17, p-value = 0.009). Although ETW was highly prevalent, most Colombian adolescents exhibited low Total BEWE scores. ETW was associated with frequent fruit intake, age, toothbrushing habits, caries lesions, and sex.
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Cárie Dentária , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Erosão Dentária , Humanos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Erosão Dentária/epidemiologia , Erosão Dentária/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência , Criança , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Etários , Distribuição por Sexo , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Modelos LogísticosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties and the immune modulatory activity of cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) on oral bacteria and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF). METHODS: Cytotoxicity was assessed by propidium iodide flow cytometry on fibroblasts derived from the periodontal ligament. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CBD and CBG for S. mutans and C. albicans and the metabolic activity of a subgingival 33-species biofilm under CBD and CBG treatments were determined. The Quantification of cytokines was performed using the LEGENDplex kit (BioLegend, Ref 740930, San Diego, CA, USA). RESULTS: CBD-treated cell viability was greater than 95%, and for CBG, it was higher than 88%. MIC for S. mutans with CBD was 20 µM, and 10 µM for CBG. For C. albicans, no inhibitory effect was observed. Multispecies biofilm metabolic activity was reduced by 50.38% with CBD at 125 µg/mL (p = 0.03) and 39.9% with CBG at 62 µg/mL (p = 0.023). CBD exposure at 500 µg/mL reduced the metabolic activity of the formed biofilm by 15.41%, but CBG did not have an effect. CBG at 10 µM caused considerable production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as TGF-ß and IL-4 at 12 h. CBD at 10 µM to 20 µM produced the highest amount of IFN-γ. CONCLUSION: Both CBG and CBD inhibit S. mutans; they also moderately lower the metabolic activity of multispecies biofilms that form; however, CBD had an effect on biofilms that had already developed. This, together with the production of anti-inflammatory mediators and the maintenance of the viability of mammalian cells from the oral cavity, make these substances promising for clinical use and should be taken into account for future studies.
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BACKGROUND: Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an antimicrobial agent with high affinity to Gram-negative bacteria of the subgingival biofilm. It could have an equivalent or no inferiority effect to chlorhexidine (CHX) to avoid recolonization of these microorganisms after the post-surgical period. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to compare the reduction of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), gain of clinical attachment level (CAL), and bacterial recolonization of periodontopathic microorganisms in subgingival biofilm at 7, 21, and 90 days after Open Flap Debridement (OFD) under two antimicrobial protocols: (A) HOCl 0.05% followed by HOCl 0.025% and (B) CHX 0.2%/CHX 0.12% used per 21 days without regular oral hygiene during the post-surgical period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A no-inferiority randomized controlled trial was carried out. Thirty-two patients were randomly divided to receive each antiplaque protocol after OFD in patients with periodontitis. Clinical indexes and bacterial recolonization were assessed using qPCR for up to 90 days. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, mixed effects models adjusted for treatment, time, and the Chi-squared/Fisher test. A no-inferiority analysis was also performed using the Hodges-Lehmann hypothesis test for non-inferiority. RESULTS: HOCl was not inferior to CHX in reducing PI. Both groups showed a comparable reduction of recolonization for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Eubacterium nodatum. However, the HOCl protocol was non-inferior to the CHX protocol for Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomicetemcomitans. CONCLUSIONS: HOCl improved periodontal healing. HOCl showed an impact in reducing the recolonization of periodontopathic bacteria in the postoperative period.
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This study aims to describe intraoperative complications in temporomandibular joint arthroscopy in patients with Wilkes stage II, III y IV. An analytic observational retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were patients who had no improvement with conservative treatment diagnosed as Wilkes II stage to Wilkes stage IV, and no previous TMJ surgery. Exclusion criteria were disc perforation observed by arthroscopy. Data collected from 458 patients (899 arthroscopies). Of this population, 772 (85.8%) arthroscopies correspond to women, and 127 men (14.1%). Of the sample evaluated, 368 (40.9%) were arthroscopic without discopexy, and 531 (59%) were arthroscopic with discopexy using resorbable pins. In total, 330 complications (36.7%) were found, of which 293 (32.5%) were implicated with iatrogenic damage to the anatomy, and 36 (4%) were associated with some instrument failure. Of this total number of complications, 191 (51.9%) of 386 corresponded to the arthroscopy without discopexy group and 138 (25.9%) of 531 corresponded to the arthroscopy with discopexy group. These study data suggest that the main complications were irrigation fluid extravasation (p = 0.000), and intra-articular bleeding (p = 0.001) followed by pin problems (p = 0.001) in cases of arthroscopies with discopexy. Within the limitations of the study it seems that the learning curve has an important influence on the occurrence of complications. At the beginning of the learning curve, complications are more related to anatomy. Afterwards, the rate of complications decreases but they are more related to the instruments used in advanced techniques. Therefore, proper training and a wide learning curve can reduce the risk of complications and if any occur, more timely management could be given.
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Luxações Articulares , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular , Artroscopia/efeitos adversos , Artroscopia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/epidemiologia , Luxações Articulares/cirurgia , Masculino , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Estudos Retrospectivos , Articulação Temporomandibular/cirurgia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The vertical increase of the alveolar ridge dimension using allograft or xenograft mixed with autogenous bone graft and covered by a nonabsorbable high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membrane is well documented in the literature. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess vital mineralized tissue formation in vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) procedures using autogenous bone chips mixed either with an allograft or a xenograft. METHODS: This prospective clinical trial recruited 16 partially edentulous patients to undergo vertical ridge augmentation in one or more sites, making up a total of 24 samples for histological evaluation. Patients were sequentially stratified into Group A (treated with a freeze-dried bone allograft [FDBA] mixed with autogenous bone) or to Group B (treated with a bovine xenograft mixed with autogenous bone). Histological samples were analyzed according to the biomaterial used for VRA. Histological samples were obtained on the same day of membrane removal and implant placement. RESULTS: Thirty-three implants were placed in 16 sites of regenerated bone via VRA, 13 patients with ridge augmentation in the posterior mandible, and 3 patients with VRA in the anterior maxilla. Group A (FDBA + autogenous) and Group B (xenograft + autogenous) showed a percent vital mineralized tissue (VMT) area of 67.64 ± 16.84 and 60.93 ± 18.25, respectively. A significant difference between the two biomaterials was not observed. CONCLUSION: When mixed with autogenous bone, either allografts or xenografts may provide a successful augmentation. Either mixture could serve as reliable alternative in VRA for obtaining a high percentage of VMT.
Assuntos
Aumento do Rebordo Alveolar , Aumento do Rebordo Alveolar/métodos , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Bovinos , Implantação Dentária Endóssea/métodos , Humanos , Membranas Artificiais , PolitetrafluoretilenoRESUMO
This study aims to describe the short-term therapeutic results of patients treated with operative arthroscopy and medical infiltration with platelet-rich fibrin in upper and lower articular space. The study design is descriptive observational with retrospective case series of patients with Wilkes II and III. These patients were managed with operative arthroscopy viscosupplementation with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and were followed up for up to 8 months to evaluate their response to treatment. 17 patients were included in the study. In the pre-surgical assessment (T1) mean VAS was 7.1 and MID was 22.2 mm. Eight months later (T4) a relevant improvement in both mentioned variables MID 38.2 ± 4.1 and VAS 1.1 ± 0.2 was observed. Regarding the reduction of pain, a significant improvement in symptoms were found, this being 84.6% ± 3.5% and in mandibular mobility satisfactory results were also obtained, improving in 41.7% ± 20.9%. Within the limitations of the study temporomandibular joint arthroscopy and medical infiltration platelet-rich fibrin viscosupplementation is a procedure of limited invasiveness that shows promising results.