[Extra-oral implants: principal areas of implantation]. / Implants extra-oraux: principales aires d'implantation.

The success of extra-oral implants raises a certain number of technical and medical problems. Among these, the anatomy of the implant zone and bone quality are determining factors for osteointegration of the implants. We describe the principal zones of implantation detailing the risks involved in each area.

[Extra-oral implants: surgical procedures]. / Implants extra-oraux: procédures chirurgicales.

The different extra-oral implant systems (screw and plate fixation) are not compatible. Rigorous surgical procedure (detailed and illustrated here) is mandatory to obtain the best implant osseointegration and epithesis loading 3 months later. Besides surgical procedure, careful bone and peri-abutment suture are required for success.

[Submental endotracheal intubation in craniomaxillofacial trauma. Technical note]. / Intubation sous-mentale en traumatologie cranio-maxillo-faciale. Note technique.

Submental intubation is a new technique of oroendotracheal intubation in patients with facial fracture requiring jaw control, associated with skull base fracture. First described by Altemir in 1986, the simplicity of this procedure and its minimal scar traces lead the authors to prefer it to tracheostomy in patients who do not need endotracheal intubation for more than 48 hours.

[Sebaceus nevus of Jadassohn. Apropos of 62 surgically treated cases and review of the literature]. / Naevus sébacé de Jadassohn. A propos de 62 cas opérés et revue de la littérature.

The analysis of 62 cases of nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn and the study of the literature allows to define the clinical and histo-pathologic features of this benign tumor. The massive development of sebaceous glands, papillomatous epidermal hyperplasia, and maturation of apocrines glands, are present in a considerable number of cases. The lesions occurred on the scalp, face, auricular area and neck and are usually present at birth as a yellowish orange area. At puberty, the lesion becomes yellow to dark-brown and is verrucoid and micronodular. Almost all are hair-deficit nevi, and the final stage is the development of secondary tumors of the skin within the lesion. The risk of degeneration in basal-cell carcinoma justifies systematic surgical treatment.

[Mandibular reconstruction of gunshot wounds by progressive bone distraction. Report of five cases]. / Reconstruction mandibulaire par distraction osseuse progressive chez les traumatisés par arme de chasse. A propos de cinq cas.

Five adult patients with gunshot wound defect underwent bilateral mandibular lengthening by an extraoral device. All patients presented with interrupting mandibular defect of 50 to 100 mm. Distraction of bone fragments led to mandibular reconstruction without bone grafting and simultaneous expansion of soft tissues, avoiding free or pedicled myocutaneous flaps for soft tissue reconstruction of the lower third of the face. Mandibular distraction also recreated the alveolar ridge with its attached mucosa which is equivalent to the gingiva. It can be used for dental rehabilitation by osseointegrated implants. Avoiding the morbidity and functional problems of classical flaps, mandibular distraction accelerates facial reconstruction, and social reinsertion of these patients.