RESUMO
Craniosynostosis is encountered in the pediatric population in isolated or syndromic forms. The resulting deformity depends on the number and type of sutures involved and, in multi-sutural synostosis, the order of suture fusion. Primary craniosynostosis needs to be differentiated from the secondary variety and positional or deformational mimics. Syndromic craniosynostoses are associated with other craniofacial deformities. Evaluation with 3-D CT plays an important role in accurate diagnosis and management; however, implementation of appropriate CT techniques is essential to limit the radiation burden in these children. In this article, the authors briefly review the classification, embryopathogenesis and epidemiology and describe in detail the radiologic appearance and differential diagnoses of craniosynostosis.
Assuntos
Craniossinostoses/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica/métodos , Crânio/anormalidades , Crânio/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
We present a pictorial review of neonatal ischemic brain injury and look at its pathophysiology, imaging features and differential diagnoses from a radiologist's perspective. The concept of perinatal stroke is defined and its distinction from hypoxic-ischemic injury is emphasized. A brief review of recent imaging advances is included and a diagnostic approach to neonatal ischemic brain injury is suggested.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico por Imagem , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido PrematuroRESUMO
We present a pictorial review of MRI features of various closed spinal dysraphisms based on previously described clinicoradiological classification of spinal dysraphisms proposed. The defining imaging features of each dysraphism type are highlighted and a diagnostic algorithm for closed spinal dysraphisms is suggested.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Disrafismo Espinal/diagnóstico , Algoritmos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Disrafismo Espinal/classificação , Disrafismo Espinal/embriologia , Disrafismo Espinal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A 67-year-old male presented with papilledema and back pain localized to the T10 level. Initial workup revealed multifocal spinal ependymoma which was resected and treated with external beam radiotherapy. Nine years after treatment, the patient had a relapse of back pain, and MRI was inconclusive in distinguishing posttreatment radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor. We present the first described report with the utilization of multiparametric positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging and perfusion MRI to distinguish recurrent spinal ependymoma from radiation necrosis.