RESUMO
A 9-month-old male Bullmastiff cross dog was presented with a history of progressive proprioceptive ataxia and behavior changes. Neuroanatomical localization was multifocal with forebrain and vestibulo-cerebellum involvement. MRI identified moderate diffuse cerebral sulci widening, dilation of the ventricular system, and rounded, well-defined, bilaterally symmetrical T2W, FLAIR, and T2* hyperintense intra-axial lesions affecting the olivary nuclei. Histopathological examination was indicative of a primary mitochondrial disorder. This was confirmed following genetic analysis which identified mitochondrial fission encephalopathy with a homozygous frameshift variant in the MFF gene. This case report documents diagnostic imaging and histopathological findings not previously reported in dogs affected with mitochondrial fission encephalopathy, suggesting a different selective regional vulnerability of the neurons.
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Cardiovascular disorders and predominantly idiopathic myocardial fibrosis are frequently associated with mortality among zoo-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Formalin-fixed whole hearts of deceased chimpanzees housed in zoos (n = 33) and an African sanctuary (n = 2) underwent detailed macroscopic and histopathologic examination using a standardized protocol. Archived histological slides from the hearts of 23 additional African sanctuary-housed chimpanzees were also examined. Myocardial fibrosis (MF) was identified in 30 of 33 (91%) of the zoo-housed chimpanzees but none of the 25 sanctuary-housed chimpanzees. MF was shown to be characterized by both interstitial and replacement fibrosis. Immunophenotyping demonstrated that the fibrotic lesions were accompanied by the increased presence of macrophages, alpha smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts, and a minimal to mild T-cell-dominant leukocyte infiltration. There was no convincing evidence of cardiotropic viral infection or suggestion that diabetes mellitus or vitamin E or selenium deficiency were associated with the presence of the lesion. However, serum vitamin D concentrations among zoo-housed chimpanzees were found to be lower in seasons of low ultraviolet light levels.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/patologia , Cardiomiopatias/veterinária , Doenças Cardiovasculares/veterinária , Fibrose/veterinária , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Cardiomiopatias/patologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/patologia , Feminino , Fibrose/patologia , Imunofenotipagem/veterinária , Leucócitos/patologia , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Miocárdio/patologia , Miofibroblastos/patologia , Pan troglodytes , Estações do Ano , Raios Ultravioleta , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
With the exception of classic functional adenomas in dogs and horses, pituitary lesions are infrequently described in the veterinary literature. Approximately 10% of pituitary glands from asymptomatic humans contain abnormalities, but the equivalent proportion in small animals is unknown. Pituitary glands from 136 dogs and 65 cats collected during routine necropsies were examined to determine the prevalence of pituitary lesions and their histopathological diagnosis. Lesions were characterized in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Gordon and Sweet's and reticulin stains, and immunohistochemistry for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone-α, and prolactin. Pituitary abnormalities were identified in 36 of 136 (26.4%) dogs and 10 of 65 (15.3%) cats. Cystic changes were the most common lesion, occurring in 18 (13.2%) dogs and 8 (12.3%) cats. Pituitary neoplasia was detected in 14.1% (12/85) of middle-aged and old dogs; 1 (1.5%) cat had pituitary nodular hyperplasia. PAS and reticulin stains helped differentiate ACTH-immunoreactive adenomas from hyperplastic nodules: adenomas contained PAS-positive intracytoplasmic granules and loss of the normal reticulin network. One dog had a pituitary carcinoma with infiltration into the thalamus. Other pituitary abnormalities included secondary metastases (2 dogs) and hypophysitis (4 dogs, 1 cat). In most cases, the lesion appeared to be subclinical and could be considered incidental, whereas clinical manifestations were apparent in only 4 dogs (2.9%) and none of the cats with pituitary lesions. Pituitary abnormalities are common in dogs and cats, and their clinical relevance requires further investigation.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/patologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Doenças da Hipófise/veterinária , Hipófise/patologia , Adenoma/epidemiologia , Adenoma/patologia , Adenoma/veterinária , Animais , Carcinoma/epidemiologia , Carcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Gatos , Cistos/epidemiologia , Cistos/patologia , Cistos/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Doenças da Hipófise/epidemiologia , Doenças da Hipófise/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/veterinária , PrevalênciaRESUMO
An understanding of the main causes of mortality among captive gorillas is imperative to promoting their optimal care, health, and welfare. A retrospective observational review of mortality among the European zoo-housed western lowland gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla) population from 2004 to 2014 was carried out. This is the first published study of mortality in this population. Relevant postmortem data were requested from each collection reporting a death during the study period. Age at death enabled grouping into discrete age categories. Deaths were classified according to cause. The main causes of death overall and for each age category and sex were identified. In total, 151 gorillas from 50 European collections died during the study period. Postmortem data were available for 119 (79%) of the deaths, of which 102 (86%) were classified by cause. Diseases of the digestive system were responsible for most (23%) deaths overall. Also of significance (each accounting for 15% overall mortality) were deaths due to external causes (especially trauma) among young gorillas and cardiovascular disease among adult and aged animals. Being a male gorilla was associated with an 8.77- and 5.40-fold increase in risk of death due to cardiovascular and respiratory disease, respectively. Death due to external causes was 4.45 times more likely among females than males. There was no statistically significant difference in life expectancy between male and female gorillas. The authors conclude that further work is needed to understand risk factors involved in the main causes of death and suggest a need for standardization with regard the approach to postmortem examination and data collection, sample collection, and storage across European zoos.
Assuntos
Animais de Zoológico , Gorilla gorilla , Mortalidade/tendências , Aborto Animal , Envelhecimento , Animais , Causas de Morte , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , NatimortoRESUMO
Trace metal pollution is globally widespread, largely resulting from human activities. Due to the persistence and high toxicity of trace metals, these pollutants can have serious effects across ecosystems. However, few studies have directly assessed the presence and impact of trace metal pollution across ecosystems, specifically across multiple environmental sources and animal taxa. This study was designed to assess the environmental health impacts of trace metal pollution by assessing its extent and possible transfer into wildlife in the areas surrounding two abandoned metalliferous mine complexes in Wales in the UK. Water, sediment, and soil at the mine sites and in areas downstream had notably elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn, and, to a lesser extent, Cd and Cu, when compared to nearby control sites. These high trace metal concentrations were mirrored in the body burdens of aquatic invertebrates collected in the contaminated streams both at, and downstream of, the mines. Wood mice collected in contaminated areas appeared to be able to regulate their Zn and Cu tissue concentrations, but, when compared to wood mice from a nearby control site, they had significantly elevated concentrations of Cd and, particularly, Pb, detected in their kidney, liver, and bone samples. The Pb concentrations found in these tissues correlated strongly with local soil concentrations (kidney: ρ = 0.690; liver: ρ = 0.668, bone: ρ = 0.649), and were potentially indicative of Pb toxicity in between 10 % and 82 % of the rodents sampled at the mine sites and in areas downstream. The high trace metal concentrations found in the environment and in common prey species (invertebrates and rodents) indicates that trace metal pollution can have far-reaching, ecosystem-wide health impacts long after the polluting activity has ceased, and far beyond the originating site of the pollution.
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Tick-borne haemoparasite Babesia gibsoni has been detected rarely in cats, in surveys of apparently healthy animals. In stored blood from a 6-year-old male-neutered domestic shorthair cat in Hong Kong, B. gibsoni DNA was detected retrospectively using PCR for Babesia spp. 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome B genes, followed by sequencing and basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis. The cat presented with severe haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia. The cat responded to supportive care and glucocorticoids and was clinically normal despite persistent subclinical thrombocytopenia until six months after presentation, when it succumbed to a fatal haemorrhagic episode. Necropsy revealed severe intestinal and pulmonary haemorrhage and hypocellular bone marrow with megakaryocytosis but no other causes of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMTP) or immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA). Blood stored on days 158 and 180 tested PCR negative for Babesia spp. This report demonstrates that geographic range of B. gibsoni detection in cats includes Hong Kong. The exclusion of other causes suggests that B. gibsoni might have potentially played a role in triggering immune-mediated disease in this case.
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A 3-month-old female entire Beagle presented with a progressive history of caudotentorial encephalopathy. Reactive encephalopathies were ruled out and tests for the most common infectious diseases agents were negative. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain using a 1.5 Tesla scanner showed diffuse, bilateral, T2-weighted and T2-weighted-FLAIR hyperintense, T1-weighted hypointense, noncontrast-enhancing lesions involving the white matter of the cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, and forebrain to a lesser extent. There was cerebellar enlargement. Abnormalities were not detected on cerebrospinal fluid examination. Given the progressive nature of the disease and suspected poor prognosis the dog was euthanized. Histopathological analysis of the brain was consistent with fibrinoid leukodystrophy, also known as Alexander disease. Based on the classification used in humans, this is a description of MRI of a case of type II Alexander disease in veterinary medicine, with characteristics different to other described leukoencephalopathies in dogs.
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Doença de Alexander , Doenças do Cão , Substância Branca , Humanos , Cães , Animais , Feminino , Doença de Alexander/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Alexander/veterinária , Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Medula Espinal/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/patologiaRESUMO
Canine meningiomas are currently graded using the human grading system. Recently published guidelines have adapted the human grading system for use in dogs. The goal of this study was to validate the new guidelines for canine meningiomas. To evaluate the inter-observer agreement, 5 veterinary surgical pathologists graded 158 canine meningiomas following the human grading system alone or with the new guidelines. The inter-observer agreement for histologic grade and each of the grading criteria (mitotic grade, invasion, spontaneous necrosis, macronucleoli, small cells, hypercellularity, pattern loss and anaplasia) was evaluated using the Fleiss kappa index. The diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) was assessed by comparing the diagnoses obtained with the 2 grading systems with a consensus grade (considered the reference classification). The consensus histologic grade was obtained by agreement between 4 experienced veterinary neuropathologists following the guidelines. Compared with the human grading alone, the canine-specific guidelines increased the inter-observer agreement for: histologic grade (κ = 0.52); invasion (κ = 0.67); necrosis (κ = 0.62); small cells (κ = 0.36); pattern loss (κ = 0.49) and anaplasia (κ = 0.55). Mitotic grade agreement remained substantial (κ = 0.63). The guidelines improved the sensitivity in identifying grade 1 (95.6%) and the specificity in identifying grade 2 (96.2%) meningiomas. In conclusion, the new grading guidelines for canine meningiomas are associated with an overall improvement in the inter-observer agreement and higher diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing grade 1 and grade 2 meningiomas.
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Doenças do Cão , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Humanos , Cães , Animais , Meningioma/diagnóstico , Meningioma/veterinária , Meningioma/patologia , Anaplasia/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinária , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Necrose/veterinária , Padrões de Referência , Gradação de TumoresRESUMO
Lead pollution from metalliferous mines can have major environmental and health effects long after the mines have closed. Animals living near derelict mine sites can inadvertently ingest lead-contaminated soils, causing them to accumulate lead and potentially experience significant adverse health effects. Human food products, such as eggs, produced near metalliferous mines may also be contaminated with lead. The focus of this case study was to determine whether free-range chickens living near a derelict lead mine had high lead body burdens, whether they were producing eggs with elevated lead concentrations, and whether these eggs could be hazardous to human health. Soil samples and chicken egg, feather, blood, and bone samples were collected from a small farm near an abandoned metalliferous mine. The soil in and around the chicken pens contained lead concentrations that were elevated above established soil lead baseline concentrations. The lead concentrations in the chicken feather, blood, and bone samples were consistent with lead toxicity and indicated long-term, continuous exposure. Finally, the lead concentrations in the eggs were significantly greater than those found in commercial eggs. Based on previously established lead benchmark dose levels, humans, and in particular, children, could experience adverse health impacts if they routinely consumed these eggs. Environmental lead contamination continues to pose a major health risk for humans, and further research, understanding, and awareness are required to safeguard the public from the risks of consuming food produced near derelict mines.
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Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Animais , Galinhas , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , Chumbo/análise , Mineração , Solo , Poluentes do Solo/análiseRESUMO
While vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern in humans, comparatively little is known about vitamin D levels in non-human primates. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in overall health and its deficiency is associated with a range of disorders, including cardiovascular disease, which is a leading cause of death in great apes. Serum samples (n = 245) from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) housed at 32 European zoos were measured for 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Of these samples, 33.1% indicated inadequate vitamin D status, using the human reference interval (25-OHD < 50 nmol/L). The season of the year, health status of the animal, and the provision of daily outdoor access had a significant effect on vitamin D status. This is the first large-scale study on vitamin D status of non-human great apes in human care. Inadequate 25-OHD serum concentrations are widespread in the chimpanzee population in Europe and could be a risk factor for the development of idiopathic myocardial fibrosis, a major cause of mortality in this species, as well as other diseases. A review of husbandry and nutrition practices is recommended to ensure optimal vitamin D supply for these endangered animals.
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Pan troglodytes , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Animais , Humanos , Vitamina D , Vitaminas , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Calcifediol , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The human grading system is currently applied to canine meningioma, although it has not been validated in dogs. The present study focused on standardising the human grading system applied to canine meningioma. Four veterinary neuropathologists graded 186 canine meningiomas as follows: Grade I tumour, with <4 mitoses/2.37 mm2 ; Grade II tumour, with ≥4 mitoses/2.37 mm2 , brain invasion or at least three of the following criteria: sheeting architecture, hypercellularity, small cells, macronucleoli, necrosis; Grade III tumour, with ≥20 mitoses/2.37 mm2 or anaplasia. Slides with grading disagreement were reviewed to define a consensus diagnosis and to assess reproducible criteria. Concordance between histologic grade and the consensus diagnosis, as well as intra- and inter-observer agreements for each criterion, were statistically analysed. Concordance between histologic grade and consensus diagnosis ranged from 59% to 100%, with lower concordance for Grade I and II tumours. The lowest inter-observer agreement was recorded for macronucleoli, small cells, hypercellularity and sheeting architecture. Tumour invasion and necrosis displayed fair agreement, while moderate agreement was reached for mitotic grade and anaplasia. The following recommendations were issued to improve the reproducibility of canine meningioma grading: (1) Assess mitotic grade in consecutive HPFs within the most mitotically active area; (2) Define invasion as neoplastic protrusions within central nervous tissue without pial lining; (3) Report spontaneous necrosis; (4) Report prominent nucleoli when visible at ×100; (5) Report pattern loss when visible at ×100 in >50% of the tumour; (6) Report necrosis, small cells, hypercellularity and macronucleoli, even when focal; (7) Report anaplasia if multifocal.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Anaplasia/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Humanos , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinária , Meningioma/diagnóstico , Meningioma/patologia , Meningioma/veterinária , Necrose/veterinária , Gradação de Tumores , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of dental and cardiac disease in a cohort of captive chimpanzees DESIGN: 12 captive chimpanzees underwent periodontal and cardiac examinations under anaesthesia during a relocation to a new enclosure. Blood samples were taken for analysis of circulating markers of cardiac health, nutritional status and isolation of neutrophils for functional assays. They were then observed for three years for signs of heart disease. RESULTS: Although the chimpanzees displayed large quantities of supragingival plaque, they had low bleeding scores. Peripheral blood neutrophils responded to innate and adaptive immune stimuli. In the follow up period two animals died and post mortem confirmed heart disease. Levels of NT-proBNP were found to be high in chimpanzees that died from heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst there appeared to be a correlation between probing depth and age, there appeared to be no correlation between dental data and heart data in this cohort.
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Neutrófilos , Pan troglodytes , Animais , Estudos de Coortes , HumanosRESUMO
This systematic review highlights the similarities and variations in Ossa cordis prevalence, histology and anatomical location between differing veterinary species and in humans. In addition, it also identifies associated factors such as aging and cardiovascular disease for each species in relation to functional roles and developmental mechanisms that these bone structures may play. The potential functions of Ossa cordis are presented, ranging from aiding cardiac contraction and conduction, providing cardiac structure, and protecting components of the heart, through to counteracting high mechanical stress. Furthermore, this review discusses the evidence and rationale behind the theories regarding the formation and development of Ossa cordis in different veterinary species and in people.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Coração , Humanos , Animais , Osso e Ossos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/veterináriaRESUMO
In captive gorillas, ulcerative colitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality with no established definitive aetiopathogenesis. The aim of the study was to characterize histopathologically colonic lesions in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla ssp gorilla) and to apply the Nancy index, a disease activity scoring system for ulcerative colitis in humans. Colon samples from 21 animals were evaluated on the basis of histopathological characteristics for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in humans and divided into acute or chronic changes. The most common acute changes included the presence of neutrophils in the lamina propria (17/18; 94%), mucosal and submucosal oedema (12/18; 67%) and crypt abscesses (8/18; 44%). The most common chronic changes were lamina proprial lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates (17/18; 94%) and crypt dilation or distortion (6/18; 33%). Based on the Nancy index, 4/21 (19%) cases were grade 4 (the highest grade), 2/21 (10%) were grade 3, 11/21 (52%) were grade 2 and 4/21 (19%) cases were grade 0. The colonic changes were comparable to the acute phase of ulcerative colitis in humans. No unifying aetiopathogenesis could be identified. The Nancy index proved to be a valuable tool for the standardization of disease grading and established a basis for future studies of gorilla colitis.
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Colite , Gorilla gorilla , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Colite/patologia , Colite/veterinária , Colo/patologiaRESUMO
A 2-year-old crossbreed dog was presented for evaluation of a 6-week history of progressive paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord disclosed multifocal, anomalous, small, vascular structures, distributed throughout the subarachnoid space of the included section of the spinal cord. An additional focal intramedullary lesion was identified extending from T9 to T10 to T12. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of an intramedullary arteriovenous malformation affecting the thoracic spinal cord and leading to diffuse congestion and focal hemorrhages into the affected spinal cord.
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Malformações Arteriovenosas , Doenças do Cão , Doenças da Medula Espinal , Angiografia , Animais , Malformações Arteriovenosas/complicações , Malformações Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Malformações Arteriovenosas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Cães , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Medula Espinal/etiologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/veterináriaRESUMO
A 41-year-old female captive gorilla with progressive weight loss and hydrothorax of unknown origin was euthanized and submitted for necropsy. The ascending aorta showed intimal aortic thickenings, consistent with so called 'tree bark' changes. Microscopic examination revealed a non-infectious, necrotizing and granulomatous aortitis with no evidence of systemic vasculitis or infectious disease elsewhere in the body. While rare, large vessel vasculitides should be considered as a differential diagnosis in gorillas presenting with progressive non-specific signs and vascular intimal changes.
Assuntos
Aortite , Gorilla gorilla , Animais , Aorta , Aortite/diagnóstico , Aortite/veterinária , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Hidrotórax/etiologia , Hidrotórax/veterinária , Necrose/veterináriaRESUMO
Cardiovascular diseases, especially idiopathic myocardial fibrosis, is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in captive great apes. This study compared the structure and morphology of 16 hearts from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) which were either healthy or affected by myocardial fibrosis using X-ray microtomography. In four hearts, a single, hyperdense structure was detected within the right fibrous trigone of the cardiac skeleton. High resolution scans and histopathology revealed trabecular bones in two cases, hyaline cartilage in another case and a focus of mineralised fibro-cartilaginous metaplasia with endochondral ossification in the last case. Four other animals presented with multiple foci of ectopic calcification within the walls of the great vessels. All hearts affected by marked myocardial fibrosis presented with bone or cartilage formation, and increased collagen levels in tissues adjacent to the bone/cartilage, while unaffected hearts did not present with os cordis or cartilago cordis. The presence of an os cordis has been described in some ruminants, camelids, and otters, but never in great apes. This novel research indicates that an os cordis and cartilago cordis is present in some chimpanzees, particularly those affected by myocardial fibrosis, and could influence the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/patologia , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Coração/fisiopatologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Pan troglodytes/fisiologia , Animais , Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/metabolismo , Arritmias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Arritmias Cardíacas/patologia , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/patologia , Cartilagem/metabolismo , Cartilagem/patologia , Colágeno/metabolismo , Feminino , Fibrose/metabolismo , Fibrose/patologia , Masculino , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Pan troglodytes/metabolismoRESUMO
Our knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial disorders in humans has increased considerably during the past two decades. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies have sporadically been reported in dogs. However, molecular and biochemical data that would lend credence to the suspected mitochondrial origin are largely missing. This study was aimed to characterise a Leigh-like subacute necrotising encephalopathy (SNE) in Yorkshire Terriers and to shed light on its enzymatic and genetic background. The possible resemblance to SNE in Alaskan Huskies and to human Leigh syndrome (LS) was another focus of interest. Eleven terriers with imaging and/or gross evidence of V-shaped, non-contiguous, cyst-like cavitations in the striatum, thalamus and brain stem were included. Neuropathological examinations focussed on muscle, brain pathology and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Further investigations encompassed respiratory-chain activities and the mitochondrial DNA. In contrast to mild non-specific muscle findings, brain pathology featured the stereotypic triad of necrotising grey matter lesions with relative preservation of neurons in the aforementioned regions, multiple cerebral infarcts, and severe patchy Purkinje-cell degeneration in the cerebellar vermis. Two dogs revealed a reduced activity of respiratory-chain-complexes I and IV. Genetic analyses obtained a neutral tRNA-Leu(UUR) A-G-transition only. Neuropathologically, SNE in Yorkshire Terriers is nearly identical to the Alaskan Husky form and very similar to human LS. This study, for the first time, demonstrated that canine SNE can be associated with a combined respiratory chain defect. Mitochondrial tRNA mutations and large genetic rearrangements were excluded as underlying aetiology. Further studies, amongst relevant candidates, should focus on nuclear encoded transcription and translation factors.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Doenças do Cão , Complexo II de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Complexo I de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Doença de Leigh/veterinária , Animais , Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Corpo Estriado/patologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA/métodos , Doenças do Cão/enzimologia , Doenças do Cão/genética , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Doença de Leigh/enzimologia , Doença de Leigh/genética , Doença de Leigh/patologia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Mutação , Aminoacil-RNA de Transferência/genética , Tálamo/patologiaRESUMO
The vestibular labyrinth is the organ for sensation of equilibrium. It is part of the inner ear and located in the caudodorsal aspect of the temporal bone which makes it very difficult to access. This study evaluated a preparation technique in cats and dogs for morphological and DNA analysis. The study included 44 temporal bones of 14 cats and 11 dogs collected within 48h after death. Preparation was performed after peri-/endolymphatic injection of Fast-Green-FCF through the fenestra vestibuli to visualize the membranous labyrinth. The vestibular nerve, including its ganglion, and the vestibular labyrinth were exposed by drilling and cracking of the petrous temporal bone along the meatus acusticus internus. The posterior ampulla was collected for histology and transmission electron microscopy whereas the vestibular nerve, the utriculus, sacculus, and the lateral and anterior ampullae were harvested for subsequent DNA analysis. Histology and electron microscopy showed well-preserved cells. A total DNA amount of 4753+/-1502ng in cats and 5865+/-2911ng in dogs was retrieved from the ganglion, and 2390+/-561ng in cats and 2544+/-1277ng in dogs, respectively, from membranous vestibular organs. Polymerase chain reaction of a 229 base pair product of the Gapdh-gene proved for presence of amplifiable DNA. Taken together, mechanical bone removal after Fast-Green-FCF injection allows for reliable gross, microscopic and ultrastructural examination of the feline and canine vestibular labyrinth, and it does not interfere with DNA analysis via PCR. This technique is feasible for multimodal investigation of the vestibular labyrinth retrieved from individual necropsy cases.
Assuntos
Expressão Gênica/genética , Gânglio Espiral da Cóclea/metabolismo , Gânglio Espiral da Cóclea/ultraestrutura , Vestíbulo do Labirinto/metabolismo , Vestíbulo do Labirinto/ultraestrutura , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenases/genética , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão/métodos , Vestíbulo do Labirinto/citologiaRESUMO
Laryngeal chondritis, or "Texel throat", is a disease affecting the upper respiratory tract of sheep with breeds like the Texel appearing to be predisposed. Previous work suggests the conformation of these breeds of sheep may be predisposing these animals to laryngeal disease. This study evaluated the anatomy of the Texel sheep larynx and describes incidental pathology. Forty-three larynges from rams of the Texel and Bluefaced Leicester breeds of sheep were measured and photographed. A larynx from each breed was submitted for computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Measurements, photography, CT, and MRI demonstrated a difference in the anatomy of the larynx between breeds and a higher proportion of Texel sheep had laryngeal lesions. This study supports the hypothesis that the anatomy of the Texel sheep could be pre-disposing the breed to laryngeal chondritis.