Feasibility of Physiotherapist-Led Rheumatology Triage: A Randomized Study.

OBJECTIVE: Given global shortages in the rheumatology workforce, the demand for rheumatology assessment often exceeds the capacity to provide timely access to care. Accurate triage of patient referrals is important to ensure appropriate utilization of finite resources. We assessed the feasibility of physiotherapist (PT)-led triage using a standardized protocol in identifying cases of inflammatory arthritis (IA), as compared to usual rheumatologist triage of referrals for joint pain, in a tertiary care rheumatology clinic. METHODS: We performed a single-center, prospective, nonblinded, randomized, parallel-group feasibility study with referrals randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either PT-led vs usual rheumatologist triage. Standardized information was collected at referral receipt, triage, and clinic visit. Rheumatologist diagnosis was considered the gold standard for diagnosis of IA. RESULTS: One hundred two referrals were randomized to the PT-led triage arm and 101 to the rheumatologist arm. In the PT-led arm, 65% of referrals triaged as urgent were confirmed to have IA vs 60% in the rheumatologist arm (P = 0.57), suggesting similar accuracy in identifying IA. More referrals were declined in the PT-led triage arm (24 vs 8, P = 0.002), resulting in fewer referrals triaged as semiurgent (6 vs 23, P = 0.003). One case of IA (rheumatologist arm) was incorrectly triaged, resulting in significant delay in time to first assessment. CONCLUSION: PT-led triage was feasible, appeared as reliable as rheumatologist triage of referrals for joint pain, and led to significantly fewer patients requiring in-clinic visits. This has implications for waitlist management and optimal rheumatology resource utilization.

CanVasc consensus recommendations for the use of avacopan in antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis: 2022 addendum.

OBJECTIVE: In 2020, the Canadian Vasculitis Research Network (CanVasc) published their updated recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). The current addendum provides further recommendations regarding the use of avacopan in AAV based on a review of newly available evidence. METHODS: An updated systematic literature review on avacopan (formerly, CCX168) using Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed for publications up to September 2022. New recommendations were developed and categorized according to the EULAR grading levels, as done for previous CanVasc recommendations. A modified Delphi procedure and videoconferences were used to reach ≥80% consensus on the inclusion, wording and grading of each recommendation. RESULTS: Three new recommendations were developed. They focus on avacopan therapy indication and duration, as well as timely glucocorticoid tapering. CONCLUSION: These 2022 addended recommendations provide rheumatologists, nephrologists and other specialists caring for patients with AAV with guidance for the use of avacopan, based on current evidence and consensus from Canadian experts.

A Case of Whipple Disease With Cutaneous Manifestations.

ABSTRACT: Whipple disease (WD) is a rare bacterial infectious disease that is classically characterized by years of arthralgia, followed by malabsorption, diarrhea, and weight loss. However, WD may manifest in virtually any organ system, and patients with WD rarely develop subcutaneous erythema nodosum-like lesions. We report a case of a 51-year-old man diagnosed with WD who subsequently developed widely distributed erythematous subcutaneous nodules after 5 months of antibiotic therapy.

CanVasc Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody-associated Vasculitis: 2020 Update.

OBJECTIVE: In 2015, the Canadian Vasculitis Research Network (CanVasc) created recommendations for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) in Canada. The current update aims to revise existing recommendations and create additional recommendations, as needed, based on a review of new available evidence. METHODS: A needs assessment survey of CanVasc members informed questions for an updated systematic literature review (publications spanning May 2014 to September 2019) using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. New and revised recommendations were developed and categorized according to the level of evidence and strength of each recommendation. The CanVasc working group used a 2-step modified Delphi procedure to reach > 80% consensus on the inclusion, wording, and grading of each new and revised recommendation. RESULTS: Eleven new and 16 revised recommendations were created and 12 original (2015) recommendations were retained. New and revised recommendations are discussed in detail within this document. Five original recommendations were removed, of which 4 were incorporated into the explanatory text. The supplementary material for practical use was revised to reflect the updated recommendations. CONCLUSION: The 2020 updated recommendations provide rheumatologists, nephrologists, and other specialists caring for patients with AAV in Canada with new management guidance, based on current evidence and consensus from Canadian experts.

Effects of a 12-week cardiovascular rehabilitation programme on systemic inflammation and traditional coronary artery disease risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (CARDIA trial): a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) above the baseline risk attributable to traditional CVD risk factors seen in the general population. Exercise in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is designed specifically for high-risk primary prevention and those with established CVD. Even though the European League Against Rheumatism guidelines state that exercise is safe for individuals with RA and exercise can reduce CVD risk, patients with RA rarely participate in CR. Thus, little is known about CR's impact on inflammatory and CVD risk in the RA population. The purpose of this trial is to determine the feasibility of a 12-week CR programme for patients with RA and whether it decreases CVD risk without exacerbating RA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a randomised controlled trial whereby 60 participants with RA will be recruited and randomly assigned to either standard of care (SOC) treatment or SOC plus a 12-week CR programme (60 min of education plus two 60 min aerobic exercise sessions/week). Exercise will be performed at 60%-80% of heart rate reserve. Outcome measures (Framingham Risk Score, resting heart rate, blood pressure, blood lipids, markers of systemic inflammation (ie, interleukin (IL) 6 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Clinical Disease Assessment Index, Disease Activity Score-28, physical activity levels and peak cardiorespiratory fitness) will be assessed preintervention (week-0), postintervention (week-13) and 6 months postintervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from the Nova Scotia Health Authority Research Ethics Board. Results will be submitted for publication in an appropriate peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01534871; Pre-results.

How to Attract Trainees, a Pan-Canadian Perspective: Phase 1 of the "Training the Rheumatologists of Tomorrow" Project.

OBJECTIVE: To identify what learners and professionals associated with rheumatology programs across Canada recommend as ways to attract future trainees. METHODS: Data from online surveys and individual interviews with participants from 9 rheumatology programs were analyzed using the thematic framework analysis to identify messages and methods to interest potential trainees in rheumatology. RESULTS: There were 103 participants (78 surveyed, 25 interviewed) who indicated that many practitioners were drawn to rheumatology because of the aspects of work life, and that educational events and hands-on experiences can interest students. Messages centered on working life, career opportunities, and the lifestyle of rheumatologists. Specific ways to increase awareness about rheumatology included information about practice type, intellectual and diagnostic challenges, diversity of diseases, and patient populations. Increased opportunity for early and continued exposure for both medical students and internal medicine residents was also important, as was highlighting job flexibility and availability and a good work-life balance. Although mentors were rarely mentioned, many participants indicated educational activities of role models. The relatively low pay scale of rheumatologists was rarely identified as a barrier to choosing a career in rheumatology. CONCLUSION: This is the first pan-Canadian initiative using local data to create a work plan for developing and evaluating tools to promote interest in rheumatology that could help increase the number of future practitioners.

CanVasc Recommendations for the Management of Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody-associated Vasculitides.

OBJECTIVE: The Canadian Vasculitis research network (CanVasc) is composed of physicians from different medical specialties and researchers with expertise in vasculitis. One of its aims is to develop recommendations for the diagnosis and management of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) in Canada. METHODS: Diagnostic and therapeutic questions were developed based on the results of a national needs assessment survey. A systematic review of existing non-Canadian recommendations and guidelines for the diagnosis and management of AAV and studies of AAV published after the 2009 European League Against Rheumatism/European Vasculitis Society recommendations (publication date: January 2009) until November 2014 was performed in the Medline database, Cochrane library, and main vasculitis conference proceedings. Quality of supporting evidence for each therapeutic recommendation was graded. The full working group as well as additional reviewers, including patients, reviewed the developed therapeutic recommendations and nontherapeutic statements using a modified 2-step Delphi technique and through discussion to reach consensus. RESULTS: Nineteen recommendations and 17 statements addressing general AAV diagnosis and management were developed, as well as appendices for practical use, for rheumatologists, nephrologists, respirologists, general internists, and all other healthcare professionals more occasionally involved in the management of patients with AAV in community and academic practice settings. CONCLUSION: These recommendations were developed based on a synthesis of existing international guidelines, other published supporting evidence, and expert consensus considering the Canadian healthcare context, with the intention of promoting best practices and improving healthcare delivery for patients with AAV.

Development of Canadian Recommendations for the Management of ANCA-Associated Vasculitides: Results of the National Needs Assessment Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVES: To study variations in Canadian clinical practice patterns for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and identify points to consider for the development of national recommendations. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: A 30-item needs assessment questionnaire was sent to all members of the Canadian Vasculitis network (CanVasc), Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA), Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS) and Canadian Society of Nephrology (CSN). Respondent characteristics, practice patterns, concerns and expectations were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 132 physicians who followed at least 1 vasculitis patient and responded to the survey, 39% stated that they felt confident in their management of AAV. Several variations in practice were observed regarding diagnostic procedure, induction and maintenance treatments and use of biologics; some were due to logistic constraints (difficulties in access to some specific tests, drugs or care; lack of health care coverage for the costs). The top 5 topics for which recommendations are expected involve treatment for remission induction, maintenance, refractory disease, and relapse as well as biologics. CONCLUSION: Practice variations identified in this needs assessment survey will serve to formulate key questions for the development of CanVasc recommendations.

CanVasc recommendations for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides - Executive summary.

The Canadian Vasculitis research network (CanVasc) is composed of physicians from different medical specialties, including rheumatology and nephrology and researchers with expertise in vasculitis. One of its aims was to develop recommendations for the diagnosis and management of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides in Canada. This executive summary features the 19 recommendations and 17 statements addressing general AAV diagnosis and management, developed by CanVasc group based on a synthesis of existing international guidelines, other published supporting evidence and expert consensus considering the Canadian healthcare context.

Use of gastrointestinal preventive therapy among elderly persons receiving antiarthritic agents in Nova Scotia, Canada.

BACKGROUND: Two different strategies, referred to as gastrointestinal (GI) preventive therapy (GIPT), have been recommended for high-risk patients to prevent GI complications associated with antiarthritic therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): (1) use of a gastroprotective agent (GPA) along with the NSAID or (2) use of a cyclooxygenase-2-selective inhibitor (COX-2SI). The COX-2SIs rofecoxib and celecoxib have been shown to be as effective as traditional NSAADs for pain relief, but with an improved GI safety profile. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the utilization of GIPT by elderly persons in Nova Scotia who were taking antiarthritic medications and to identify the factors associated with their use of GIPT. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using administrative data from the Nova Scotia Seniors' Pharmacare Program database. Study participants were aged >or=65 years and had filled a prescription for a COX-2SI, a traditional NSAID, or high-dose aspirin at some point between January 1, 2001 and August 31, 2002. Subjects with at least 1 risk factor (as defined by our study) who received GIPT were classified as receiving appropriate therapy. Subjects with risk factors who did not receive GIPT were classified as potential underutilizers of GIPT. Subjects without risk factors who received GIPT were classified as potential overutilizers of GIPT. Descriptive statistics were presented, and factors independently associated with receiving GIPT were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: The study included 14,587 seniors: 3647 used COX-2SIs, 9412 used traditional NSAIDs alone, and 1528 used traditional NSAADs plus a GPA. Subjects were predominantly female (age range, 65-74 years). In subjects with at least 1 risk factor, 63% were classified as potential underutilizers of GIPT. Thirty-three percent of subjects with no risk factors were classified as potential overutilizers of GIPT. Factors significantly associated with receiving a GIPT included Female gender, annual income >$50,000, urban residence, age >or=75 years, GI complication in the previous year, and concomitant use of warfarin or corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: Potential under utilization of GIPT in this subject population was more prevalent than potential overutilization of GIPT. Although all hypothesized risk factors were significantly associated with receiving GIPT, physician education on GI risk factors might improve prescribing of GIPT for elderly persons in Nova Scotia.

The epidemiology of self-reported fibromyalgia in Canada.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a poorly understood condition characterized by chronic diffuse musculoskeletal pain. This study describes the self-reported epidemiology of FM in Canada using data collected from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 1.1 (2000). FM prevalence rates with corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated. The Canadian prevalence rate was 1.1 percent with a female-to-male ratio of six to one. In women, rates increased with age up to 65 years, declining thereafter. Data collected on-age-at- diagnosis is presented and demonstrates a surprising number of newly diagnosed FM cases among people in their 20s and 30s, signifying that FM is a problem for people of all ages. The association with FM and a number of sub-populations was also investigated. With respect to geography and environment, the FM prevalence rate in women was shown to be approximately two percent in all Canadian regions except Quebec, where it was 1.1 percent. Further analysis by language suggested that geographical and cultural differences might best explain this observation. Finally, an association with a number of behavioral and socioeconomic determinants of health, including weight, is presented.