[Upper dyspnea in nursing baby. Diagnostic and clinic treatment]. / Disnea alta en el lactante. Manejo diagnóstico y clínico.

We detail here the clinical case of a 22 month old child who was referred to our department because of recurring episodes of upper dyspnea and barking cough since he was 3 months old. The Pediatric Department suspected laryngeal stenosis or laryngomalacia and asked for confirmation of this. The ENT examination including nasofibrolaryngoscopy was normal. A computerised axial tomography (CAT) was carried out, as well as a magnetic resonance of the neck, both eliminating possible pathologies. Having tried several treatments, we prescribed empirical treatment with proton pump inhibitors, and to our surprise the improvement was spectacular. We have carried out a review of literature about gastroesophageal reflux, its manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.

[Tinnitus of vascular type. Diagnostic possibilities]. / Acúfeno de tipo vascular. Posibilidades diagnósticas.

It's defined tinnitus as an auditive perception of internal origin that it does not answer to vibratory external action. The rest of the sounds are considered as real biological noises and not properly as tinnitus. Tinnitus is a very common symptom in our practice. It is important to determine what causes it, since medical treatment is effective in some cases and prevents serious complications, severe bleeding and neurological consequence if any surgical treatment is carried out. We present two cases of tinnitus of vascular origen, the first caused by venous malformation and the second by an arterial one. We review the literature of this entity.

[Malignant mucous primary sinonasal melanoma. A clinic case]. / Melanoma mucoso maligno primario de fosa nasal. Caso clínico.

The melanomas are unusual tumours with a high mortality. The mucosal malignant melanoma type supposes loss than 1% of the total of melanoma. The initial symptoms are unspecific and the regional metastasis are rare. The surgical approach it's the most effective treatment complemented with radiotherapy and or chimiotherapy. We present the case of primary nasal mucosal malignant melanoma and review the litterature of this disease.

[Vertigo secondary to periaqueductal syndrome]. / Vértigo secundario a síndrome periacueductal.

We present a clinical case of extrinsic periaqueductal syndrome caused by an epidermoid cyst in the pineal gland. This is a unusual disorder and those localized in the epiphysis are extremely rare. A bibliographic review of the incidence, clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy is carried out in this article.

[Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the upper maxilla. A case report]. / Displasia fibrosa monostótica de maxilar superior. Presentación de un caso clínico.

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare bone condition characterized by the replacement of healthy bone by fibrous tissue and different grades of bone metaplasia. It may affect one (monostotic) or more bones (polyostotic). We present the case of a patient with monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the upper maxilla and analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, and the bibliography of the disease.

[Adenoid cystic carcinoma. Presentation of three clinical cases]. / Carcinoma adenoide quístico. Presentación de tres casos clínicos.

Adenoid cystic carcinomas are malignant epithelial tumors that originate in body regions containing exocrine and eccrine glands. Their most common location is the salivary glands. These tumors have specific, highly individualized histopathological and clinical features. Three cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma in different sites, palate, sublingual gland, and nasal cavity, are reported. The literature is reviewed for information about the fundamental clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of these tumors.

[Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma. Report of a clinical case]. / Carcinoma neuroendocrino de laringe. Presentación de un caso clínico.

A case of neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma is described in a 79 year-old male. This tumor is an unusual laryngeal carcinoma (the incidence is slightly lower than 1% of all carcinomas) with an aggressive biological behaviour. This work analyzes its clinical, pathological, therapeutical and evolutive aspects, and compare this case to those reported in the literature.