RESUMO
Apple (Malus domestica) is the third most produced fruit worldwide. It is a well-known source of bioactive compounds mainly represented by hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones, dehydroascorbic acid, carotenoids, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and phloridzin. Due to the lack of a recent evaluation of the clinical trials associated with apple consumption, this review investigated the effects of this fruit on metabolic conditions related to inflammation and oxidative stress and reviewed the applications of apple waste on food products. Thirty-three studies showed that apples or its derivatives exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, improve blood pressure, body fat, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and reduce cardiovascular risks. Apples have a great economic impact due to its several applications in the food industry and as a food supplement since it has impressive nutritional value. Dietary fiber from the fruit pomace can be used as a substitute for fat in food products or as an improver of fiber content in meat products. It can also be used in bakery and confectionary products or be fermented to produce alcohol. Pomace phytocompounds can also be isolated and applied as antioxidants in food products. The potential for the use of apples and by-products in the food industry can reduce environmental damage.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Adiponectin replacement therapy shows promising outcomes in various diseases, especially for bone-related disorders. Challenges in using the complete protein have led to alternative approaches, with AdipoRon and AdipoAI emerging as extensively researched drug candidates. Their influence on models of bone-related disorders has progressed considerably but there has been no review of their effectiveness in modulating bone metabolism and repair. METHOD: This systematic review seeks to address this knowledge gap. Based on preclinical evidence from PubMed, EMBASE, and COCHRANE, ten studies were included following PRISMA guidelines. The JBI Checklist Critical Appraisal Tool assessed the quality of this systematic review. The studies encompassed various animal models, addressing bone defects, osseointegration, diabetes-associated periodontitis, fracture repair, growth retardation, and diabetes-associated peri-implantitis. RESULT: AdipoRon and AdipoAI demonstrated effectiveness in modulating bone metabolism and repair through diverse pathways, including the activation of AdipoR1/APPL1, inhibition of F-actin ring formation, suppression of IκB-α phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation and Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling pathway, reduction of CCL2 secretion and expression, regulation of autophagy via LC3A/B expression, modulation of SDF-1 production, activation of the ERK-1/2 signaling pathway, modulation of bone integration-related markers and osteokines such as RANKL, BMP-2, OPG, OPN, and Runx2, inhibition of RANKL in osteoblasts, and inhibition of podosome formation via the activation of AMPK. CONCLUSION: While preclinical studies show promise, human trials are crucial to confirm the clinical safety and effectiveness of AdipoRon and AdipoAI. Caution is necessary due to potential off-target effects, especially in bone therapy with multi-target approaches. Structural biology and computational methods can help predict and understand these effects.
RESUMO
Mango and its by-products have traditional medicinal uses. They contain diverse bioactive compounds offering numerous health benefits, including cardioprotective and metabolic properties. This study aimed to explore the impact of mango fruit and its by-products on human health, emphasizing its metabolic syndrome components. PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched following PRISMA guidelines, and the COCHRANE handbook was utilized to assess bias risks. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown several benefits of mango and its by-products. For this systematic review, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. The collective findings indicated that the utilization of mango in various forms-ranging from fresh mango slices and mango puree to mango by-products, mango leaf extract, fruit powder, and mangiferin-yielded many favorable effects. These encompassed enhancements in glycemic control and improvements in plasma lipid profiles. Additionally, mango reduces food intake, elevates mood scores, augments physical performance during exercise, improves endothelial function, and decreases the incidence of respiratory tract infections. Utilizing mango by-products supports the demand for healthier products. This approach also aids in environmental conservation. Furthermore, the development of mango-derived nanomedicines aligns with sustainable goals and offers innovative solutions for healthcare challenges whilst being environmentally conscious.