First report of Biomphalaria tenagophila (d'Orbigny, 1835) (Gastropoda/Planorbidae) in Pará State, Amazon region of Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Mollusks belonging to Biomphalaria genus are intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. In the Pará State, Northern Region of Brazil, there are reports of B. glabrata, B. straminea, B. schrammi, B. occidentalis, and B. kuhniana occurrence. Here, we report for the first time the presence of B. tenagophila in Belém, capital of Pará state. METHODS: A total of 79 mollusks were collected and examined to search for possible S. mansoni infection. The specific identification was made by morphological and molecular assays. RESULTS: No specimens parasitized by trematode larvae were detected. For the first time the presence of B. tenagophila in Belém, capital of Pará state, was reported. CONCLUSION: The result increases the knowledge about Biomphalaria mollusks occurrence in the Amazon Region and specifically alerts on the possible role of B. tenagophila in schistosomiasis transmission in Belém.

Fatal Outcome of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in the Americas in 2013 and has caused approximately 2.1 million cases and >600 deaths. A retrospective investigation was undertaken to describe clinical, epidemiological, and viral genomic features associated with deaths caused by CHIKV in Ceará state, northeast Brazil. METHODS: Sera, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and tissue samples from 100 fatal cases with suspected arbovirus infection were tested for CHIKV, dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Clinical, epidemiological, and death reports were obtained for patients with confirmed CHIKV infection. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to identify independent factors associated with risk of death during CHIKV infection. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using whole genomes from a subset of cases. RESULTS: Sixty-eight fatal cases had CHIKV infection confirmed by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (52.9%), viral antigen (41.1%), and/or specific immunoglobulin M (63.2%). Co-detection of CHIKV with DENV was found in 22% of fatal cases, ZIKV in 2.9%, and DENV and ZIKV in 1.5%. A total of 39 CHIKV deaths presented with neurological signs and symptoms, and CHIKV-RNA was found in the CSF of 92.3% of these patients. Fatal outcomes were associated with irreversible multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Patients with diabetes appear to die at a higher frequency during the subacute phase. Genetic analysis showed circulation of 2 CHIKV East-Central-South African (ECSA) lineages in Ceará and revealed no unique virus genomic mutation associated with fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The investigation of the largest cross-sectional cohort of CHIKV deaths to date reveals that CHIKV-ECSA strains can cause death in individuals from both risk and nonrisk groups, including young adults.

Human pegivirus (HPgV, GBV-C) RNA in volunteer blood donors from a public hemotherapy service in Northern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Human pegivirus (HPgV)-formerly known as GBV-C-is a member of the Flaviviridae family and belongs to the species Pegivirus C. It is a non-pathogenic virus and is transmitted among humans mainly through the exposure to contaminated blood and is often associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, among other viruses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPgV viremia, its association with HIV and clinical epidemiological factors, as well as the full-length sequencing and genome characterization of HPgV recovered from blood donors of the HEMOPA Foundation in Belém-PA-Brazil. METHODS: Plasma samples were obtained from 459 donors, tested for the presence of HPgV RNA by the RT-qPCR. From these, a total of 26 RT-qPCR positive samples were submitted to the NGS sequencing approach in order to obtain the full genome. Genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis were conducted. RESULTS: The prevalence of HPgV was 12.42%. We observed the highest prevalences among donors aged between 18 and 30 years old (16.5%), with brown skin color (13.2%) and men (15.8%). The newly diagnosed HIV-1 prevalence was 26.67%. The HPgV genotype 2 (2a and 2b) was identified. No data on viral load value was found to corroborate the protective effect of HPgV on HIV evolution. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided information regarding the HPgV infection among blood donors from HEMOPA Foundation. Furthermore, we genetically characterized the HPgV circulating strains and described by the first time nearly complete genomes of genotype 2 in Brazilian Amazon.

Genome sequencing of dengue virus serotype 4 in a bat brain sample (Platyrrhinus helleri) from the Brazilian Amazon.

The existence of sylvatic transmission of dengue virus in communities of neotropical bats remains uncertain. In this work we present a near-complete genome of dengue virus serotype 4 obtained from the brain sample of a bat from Platyrrhinus helleri specie collected in the Brazilian Amazon region. The presence of the virus in the brain sample may indicate a possible tropism for the central nervous system in bats, which may justify negative results in previous studies that focused on analysis of other tissues, such as liver and spleen. Besides the duration of dengue virus circulation in the Americas (circa 40 years) may be too short for an implementation of a sylvatic dengue virus cycle. Our findings suggest that continued monitoring is needed to confirm with the neotropical bats could potentially act as a natural reservoir of dengue in the region.

The complete mitogenome of Paralonchurus dumerilii (Perciformes: Sciaenidae).

We herein describe the complete mitochondrial genome of Paralonchurus dumerilii (Sciaenidae) and infer its phylogenetic position within the family. The genome is 16,498 bp long and featured by 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a control region (D-loop). Our phylogenetic analysis suggests a basal position of P. dumerilii as the sister group of the other species of Sciaenidae analyzed.

Metagenomic Analysis of Samples from Three Bat Species Collected in the Amazon Rain Forest.

We report here the sequencing of five microbiome samples collected from different bat species in the Amazon rain forest. All contigs matching virus sequences were assigned to members of the Retroviridae family, while the bacterial contigs matched several bacterial species mostly belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum.

Complete Endogenous Retrovirus Genome Sequence from a Brazilian Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus).

The strain Desmodus rotundus endogenous retrovirus (DrERV) QR09 was obtained from a bat tissue sample collected from Desmodus rotundus in the Brazilian rain forest. The complete genome was sequenced using the next-generation sequencing strategy. The full-length genome of DrERV QR09 is 8,256 nucleotides in length and showed high similarity with other DrERVs.