[Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2013 recommendations]. / Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2013.

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (CAV-AEP) updates the immunisation schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the safety, effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines. The present schedule includes levels of recommendation. We have graded as routine vaccinations those that the CAV-AEP consider all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunisation and would ideally be given to all children, but that can be prioritised according to the resources available for their public funding; and as risk group vaccinations those that specifically target individuals in situations of risk. Immunisation schedules tend to be dynamic and adaptable to ongoing epidemiological changes. Nevertheless, the achievement of a unified immunisation schedule in all regions of Spain is a top priority for the CAV-AEP. Based on the latest epidemiological trends, CAV-AEP follows the innovations proposed in the last year's schedule, such as the administration of the first dose of the MMR and the varicella vaccines at age 12 months and the second dose at age 2-3 years, as well as the administration of the Tdap vaccine at age 4-6 years, always followed by another dose at 11-14 years of age, preferably at 11-12 years. The CAV-AEP believes that the coverage of vaccination against human papillomavirus in girls aged 11-14 years, preferably at 11-12 years, must increase. It reasserts its recommendation to include vaccination against pneumococcal disease in the routine immunisation schedule. Universal vaccination against varicella in the second year of life is an effective strategy and therefore a desirable objective. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants due to the morbidity and elevated healthcare burden of the virus. The Committee stresses the need to vaccinate population groups considered at risk against influenza and hepatitis A. Finally, it emphasizes the need to bring incomplete vaccinations up to date following the catch-up immunisation schedule.

Immunization schedule of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics: 2012 recommendations.

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (CAV-AEP) updates the immunization schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines. The present schedule includes grades of recommendation. We have graded as routine vaccinations those that the CAV-AEP believes all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunization and would ideally be given to all children, but that can be prioritized according to the resources available for their public funding; and as risk group vaccinations those that specifically target individuals in situations of risk. Immunization schedules tend to be dynamic and adaptable to ongoing epidemiological changes. Nevertheless, the achievement of a unified immunization schedule in all regions of Spain is a top priority for the CAV-AEP. Based on the latest epidemiological trends, the main changes introduced to the schedule are the administration of the first dose of the MMR and the varicella vaccines at age 12 months (12-15 months) and the second dose at age 2-3 years, as well as the administration of the Tdap vaccine at age 4-6 years, always followed by another dose at 11-14 years of age. The CAV-AEP believes that the coverage of vaccination against human papillomavirus in girls aged 11-14 years must increase. It reasserts its recommendation to include vaccination against pneumococcal disease in the routine immunization schedule. Universal vaccination against varicella in the second year of life is an effective strategy and therefore a desirable objective. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants due to the morbidity and elevated healthcare burden of the virus. The Committee stresses the need to vaccinate population groups considered at risk against influenza and hepatitis A. Finally, it emphasizes the need to bring incomplete vaccinations up to date following the catch-up immunization schedule.

[Seasonal influenza vaccination in children and adolescents. Recommendations of the CAV-AEP for the campaign]. / Vacunación frente a la gripe estacional en la infancia y la adolescencia. Recomendaciones del CAV-AEP para la campaña 2011-2012.

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics establishes annual recommendations on influenza vaccination in childhood before the onset of influenza season. Routine influenza vaccination is particularly beneficial when the strategy is aimed at children older than 6 months of age with high-risk conditions and their home contacts. The recommendation of influenza vaccination in health workers with children is also emphasized.

[Vaccination schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: recommendations 2011]. / Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2011.

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Paediatric Association updates annually the immunization schedule, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines. This vaccination schedule includes grades of recommendation. The committee has graded as universal vaccines those that all children should receive, as recommended, those with a profile of universal vaccines of childhood and as are desirable those that all children may receive, but that can be prioritized based on public funding resources and for risk groups, targeting those groups of people in epidemiological situations of risk. The Committee considers as a priority to achieve a common immunization schedule for Spain. The Committee reaffirms the recommendation to include pneumococcal vaccination in the routine vaccination schedule. Vaccination against varicella in the second year of life is an effective strategy and therefore a desirable goal. Given the morbidity and high burden on the health care system, vaccination against rotavirus is recommended for all infants. Due to the current problems of availability of both vaccines, associated with the recent finding of circovirus, the committee urges that rotavirus vaccination is restarted as soon as possible as it is considered a desirable health benefit for all children in our country. The Committee adheres to the recommendations of the National Health Coordination Council in reference to routine vaccination against HPV for all girls aged 11 to 14 years and stresses the need to vaccinate all patients with risk factors for these diseases against influenza and hepatitis A. Finally, it stresses the need to update incomplete immunizations using accelerated immunization schedules.

[Vaccination schedule of the Spanish association of paediatrics: recommendations 2010]. / Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2010.

The Vaccine Advisory Committee of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics updates annually, the immunization schedule, taking into account epidemiological data, as well as evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines. This vaccination schedule includes grades of recommendation. The committee has graded as universal vaccines those that all children should receive, as recommended those with a profile of universal vaccination in childhood and which are desirable that all children receive, but that can be prioritized based on resources for its public funding and for risk groups those targeting groups of people in situations of epidemiological risk. The Committee considers as a priority to achieve a common immunization schedule. The Committee reaffirms the recommendation to include pneumococcal vaccination in the routine vaccination schedule. Vaccination against varicella in the second year of life is an effective strategy and therefore a desirable goal. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended for all infants given the morbidity and high burden on the health care system. The Committee adheres to the recommendations of the Interterritorial Council of the National Health Care System in reference to routine vaccination against HPV for all girls aged 11 to 14 years and stresses the need to vaccinate against influenza and hepatitis A all patients with risk factors for these diseases. Finally, it stresses the need to update incomplete immunization schedules using accelerated immunization schedules.

[Vein and arterial renal thrombosis in a newborn (author's transl)]. / Trombosis arterial y venosa en un recién nacido

A case of arterial and venous thrombosis in a newborn is presented. The etiopathogenic aspects are discussed, and the possible relationship between arterial and venous thrombosis in comparison with clinical renal vein thrombosis are evaluated. Appropriated treatment for these patients is presented.

[Intrauterine renal vein thrombosis (author's transl)]. / Trombósis venosa renal intrauterina.

One case of renal venous thrombosis in a male foetus, born of a diabetic mother is reported. The intrauterine origin and the long age of the thrombosis were confirmed by pathologic studies. Some speculation about the etiopathogenic mechanisms of intrauterine renal venous thrombosis are made.

[Idiopathic primary pulmonary hemosiderosis. Report of three cases (author's transl)]. / Hemosiderosis pulmonar idiopática

Three cases of idiopathic primary pulmonary hemosiderosis are reported. Hemosiderin was demonstrated in macrophages (siderophages) in all three cases. In one of them, isotopic examination with radioiron and in an other one, a pulmonary biopsy were performed. All the patients received corticosteroids. The first case had a good evolution in spite of five years without therapy. The second case showed a bad therapeutic response and required immunosuppressive drugs. The third case with a short follow-up is doing well. Literature is reviewed, and considerations about etiopathogeny, clinical features, roentgenographic and therapeutic aspects of the disease are made.

[Renal venous and inferior cava vein thrombosis post-catheterization (author's transl)]. / Trombósis venosa renal y de cava tras cateterismo.

A case of renal vein and inferior cava thrombosis in a previously catheterized infant with cyanotic congenital heart disease is reported. The different origins of R.V.T. in newborns and infants are briefly discussed. The different factors that favour the beginning of thrombotic process (cyanotic heart disease diabetic mother, etc.) are also emphasized. Some considerations are made on the danger inherent to the use of intravascular catheters.

[Cerebral arteriovenous fistula as a cause of neonatal cardiac insufficiency. Presentation of 3 cases]. / Fístula arteriovenosa cerebral como causa de insuficiencia cardiaca neonatal. Presentación de tres casos.

The CAVF with aneurysm of the vein of Galen is an uncommon malformation, leading to the wrong diagnosis of congenital heart disease. We present the clinical and hemodynamic findings in three cases. Cranial echography has been useful as a noninvasive diagnostic tool. Surgical treatment can be difficult and the general outlook is poor.

[Hodgkin's disease in small children (author's transl)]. / La enfermedad de Hodgkin en el niño en edad preescolar

17 cases of Hodgkin's disease are reported, seen in a ten year period. Age of patients oscillated between three and seven years. There was a predominance of mixed cellularity type in histologic pattern. Most of patients were diagnosed in advanced clinical stages. Primary sign of disease was presence of cervical adenopathies and there were few cases of thoracic disease. Treatment consisted in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, according to histological type and clinical stage. Survival in our serie is of 53.3% with periods of observation from six months to seven years.

[Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Report of two cases]. / Déficit de purina nucleósido fosforilasa. Presentación de dos casos.

Two brothers with a PNP deficit are reported. The first case presented recurrent upper respiratory infections and died of a sepsis by pseudomonas. The second one was diagnosed when he was six months old and remains asymptomatic. Immunologic tests revealed a deficit of T cell mediated immunity. Treatment consisted on radiated erythrocytes transfusions because HLA compatible donors were not available.