Controlled Growth and Grafting of High-Density Au Nanoparticles on Zinc Oxide Thin Films by Photo-Deposition.

The integration of high-purity nano-objects on substrates remains a great challenge for addressing scaling-up issues in nanotechnology. For instance, grafting gold nanoparticles (NPs) on zinc oxide films, a major step process for catalysis or photovoltaic applications, still remains difficult to master. We report a modified photodeposition (P-D) approach that achieves tight control of the NPs size (7.5 ± 3 nm), shape (spherical), purity, and high areal density (3500 ± 10 NPs/µm2) on ZnO films. This deposition method is also compatible with large ZnO surface areas. Combining electronic microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, we demonstrate that growth occurs primarily in confined spaces (between the grains of the ZnO film), resulting in gold NPs embedded within the ZnO surface grains thus establishing a unique NPs/surface arrangement. This modified P-D process offers a powerful method to control nanoparticle morphology and areal density and to achieve strong Au interaction with the metal oxide substrate. This work also highlights the key role of ZnO surface morphology to control the NPs density and their size distribution. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate an increase of the ZnO photocatalytic activity due to high densities of Au NPs, opening applications for the decontamination of water or the photoreduction of water for hydrogen production.

Solution Layer Deposition: A Technique for the Growth of Ultra-Pure Manganese Oxides on Silica at Room Temperature.

With the ever increasing miniaturization in microelectronic devices, new deposition techniques are required to form high-purity metal oxide layers. Herein, we report a liquid route to specifically produce thin and conformal amorphous manganese oxide layers on silicon substrate, which can be transformed into a manganese silicate layer. The undesired insertion of carbon into the functional layers is avoided through a solution metal-organic chemistry approach named Solution Layer Deposition (SLD). The growth of a pure manganese oxide film by SLD takes place through the decoordination of ligands from a metal-organic complex in mild conditions, and coordination of the resulting metal atoms on a silica surface. The mechanism of this chemical liquid route has been elucidated by solid-state (29) Si MAS NMR, XPS, SIMS, and HRTEM.

Plasma membranes modified by plasma treatment or deposition as solid electrolytes for potential application in solid alkaline fuel cells.

In the highly competitive market of fuel cells, solid alkaline fuel cells using liquid fuel (such as cheap, non-toxic and non-valorized glycerol) and not requiring noble metal as catalyst seem quite promising. One of the main hurdles for emergence of such a technology is the development of a hydroxide-conducting membrane characterized by both high conductivity and low fuel permeability. Plasma treatments can enable to positively tune the main fuel cell membrane requirements. In this work, commercial ADP-Morgane® fluorinated polymer membranes and a new brand of cross-linked poly(aryl-ether) polymer membranes, named AMELI-32®, both containing quaternary ammonium functionalities, have been modified by argon plasma treatment or triallylamine-based plasma deposit. Under the concomitant etching/cross-linking/oxidation effects inherent to the plasma modification, transport properties (ionic exchange capacity, water uptake, ionic conductivity and fuel retention) of membranes have been improved. Consequently, using plasma modified ADP-Morgane® membrane as electrolyte in a solid alkaline fuel cell operating with glycerol as fuel has allowed increasing the maximum power density by a factor 3 when compared to the untreated membrane.