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1.
Epidemiol Infect ; 143(8): 1710-7, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25336060

RESUMO

Norovirus is the most frequent cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis and it is difficult to control in crowded environments like hospitals and nursing homes. Transmission depends on oral intake of virus deposited in the environment by infectious subjects. Data from volunteer studies indicate that virus concentrations in stool are highly variable, but systematic studies of the time-course of shedding and its individual variation are lacking. This paper quantifies norovirus shedding in a large population of 102 subjects, including asymptomatic shedders, and uses a longitudinal model to generalize shedding patterns. Enhanced surveillance for studies of transmission of norovirus in hospital outbreaks has yielded a considerable number of faecal samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic shedders, both from patients and staff. Norovirus concentrations were determined by real-time PCR. A quantitative dynamic model was fitted to the shedding data, in a multilevel Bayesian framework, to study the time-course of shedding and its variation. The results indicate that shedding in asymptomatic subjects is similar to that in symptomatic infections, both showing considerable variation in peak levels (average 105-109 /g faeces) as well as duration of virus shedding (average 8-60 days). Patients appear to shed higher numbers of virus than staff, for slightly longer durations, but the differences are too small to be significant. Given equal shedding, the greater contribution of symptomatic cases to transmission must be caused by their higher efficiency in spreading these viruses. The results of this study will be helpful for risk studies that need to quantify the deposition of virus in the environment.


Assuntos
Infecções Assintomáticas , Infecções por Caliciviridae/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Fezes/virologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Norovirus/genética , RNA Viral/análise , Eliminação de Partículas Virais/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Teorema de Bayes , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/transmissão , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais , Humanos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Profissional para o Paciente , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multinível , Casas de Saúde , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Adulto Jovem
2.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 15(6): E243-9, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24298985

RESUMO

Treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in transplant patients is challenging and, with antiviral resistance to first-line drugs, it remains uncertain which treatment algorithm to follow. Some data suggest that leflunomide, a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, can be used to treat resistant CMV infections. We report a 57-year-old CMV immunoglobulin-G (IgG)-seronegative woman, who received a bilateral lung transplant (LuTx) from a CMV IgG-positive donor with CMV primary disease. The CMV strain was genotypically resistant to ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir. After starting leflunomide as add-on therapy to a multidrug anti-CMV regimen, viral load declined substantially in 2 months without adverse events. This experience is discussed against the background of existing literature on the use of leflunomide as an anti-CMV agent in LuTx recipients.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/tratamento farmacológico , Isoxazóis/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Pulmão/efeitos adversos , Citomegalovirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/transmissão , Farmacorresistência Viral , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Foscarnet/uso terapêutico , Ganciclovir/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/uso terapêutico , Leflunomida , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carga Viral
3.
Euro Surveill ; 17(13)2012 Mar 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22490384

RESUMO

Recognition of infections with human metapneumovirus (HMPV) among institutionalised elderly is rising. When HMPV was found to be the causative agent of an outbreak of pneumonia in a residential care facility for elderly in the Netherlands, an elaborate outbreak investigation was set up, including active surveillance for new cases. From clinical cases, defined by fever (> 38°C) and symptoms of respiratory tract infections, respiratory samples for analyses of viral pathogens by real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) and blood samples for determination of HMPV-specific IgM and IgG antibody titres were taken. Five staff members and 18 residents fulfilled the clinical case definition. Of those, five residents tested positive for HMPV by rRT-PCR. The combination of rRTPCR and serology identified nine confirmed cases, six probable cases, six possible cases and ruled out two persons as cases. Among residents, the outbreak of HMPV had an attack rate, ranging from 5% for laboratory- confirmed cases, to 13% for clinical cases. This outbreak investigation shows that HMPV is a potential serious pathogen for institutionalised elderly.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Metapneumovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Metapneumovirus/genética , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/virologia , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Instituições Residenciais , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
4.
J Infect Dis ; 204(5): 777-82, 2011 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21844304

RESUMO

A retrospective nationwide study on the use of intravenous (IV) zanamivir in patients receiving intensive care who were pretreated with oseltamivir in the Netherlands was performed. In 6 of 13 patients with a sustained reduction of the viral load, the median time to start IV zanamivir was 9 days (range, 4-11 days) compared with 14 days (range, 6-21 days) in 7 patients without viral load reduction (P = .052). Viral load response did not influence mortality. We conclude that IV zanamivir as late add-on therapy has limited effectiveness. The effect of an immediate start with IV zanamivir monotherapy or in combination with other drugs need to be evaluated.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Zanamivir/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Estado Terminal , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Lactente , Infusões Intravenosas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Oseltamivir/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Viral , Zanamivir/administração & dosagem
5.
J Viral Hepat ; 18(4): e160-6, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20704650

RESUMO

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis is a rare and potential life-threatening disease. The diagnosis of HSV hepatitis is hampered by its indifferent clinical presentation, which necessitates confirmatory laboratory data to identify HSV in the affected liver. However, liver biopsies are often contraindicated in the context of coagulopathy, are prone to sampling errors and have low sensitivity in mild HSV hepatitis cases. There is an unmet need for less invasive diagnostic tools. The diagnostic and therapeutic value of HSV DNA load and liver enzyme level kinetics was determined in five patients with HSV hepatitis and twenty disease controls with HSV-DNAemia without hepatitis. At time of hospitalization, patients with HSV hepatitis had a higher median (± interquartile range) HSV DNA load (6.0 × 10(6) ± 1.2 × 10(9)) compared to disease controls (171 ± 2845). Viral DNA load correlated with liver transaminase levels and disease severity. Antiviral treatment led to rapid decline of HSV DNA load and improvement of liver function of patients with HSV hepatitis. The data advocate the prompt and consecutive quantification of the HSV DNA load and liver enzyme levels in plasma of patients suspected of HSV hepatitis as well as those under antiviral treatment.


Assuntos
DNA Viral/sangue , Hepatite Viral Humana/diagnóstico , Herpes Simples/complicações , Fígado/enzimologia , Plasma/enzimologia , Simplexvirus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Idoso , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Hepatite Viral Humana/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
6.
Euro Surveill ; 16(36)2011 Sep 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21924118

RESUMO

Hantavirus infections are reported from many countries in Europe and with highly variable annual case numbers. In 2010, more than 2,000 human cases were reported in Germany, and numbers above the baseline have also been registered in other European countries. Depending on the virus type human infections are characterised by mild to severe forms of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The member laboratories of the European Network for diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases present here an overview of the progression of human cases in the period from 2005 to 2010. Further we provide an update on the available diagnostic methods and endemic regions in their countries, with an emphasis on occurring virus types and reservoirs.


Assuntos
Arvicolinae/virologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/epidemiologia , Murinae/virologia , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Musaranhos/virologia , Animais , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Orthohantavírus/classificação , Orthohantavírus/genética , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/virologia , Humanos , Filogenia , Virus Puumala/genética , Virus Puumala/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
J Hosp Infect ; 71(3): 199-205, 2009 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19147255

RESUMO

We report a retrospective analysis of norovirus (NoV) infections occurring in patients of a tertiary care hospital during five winter seasons (2002/03 to 2006/07). Data were compared with national surveillance data and with corresponding data for rotavirus. Between July 2002 and June 2007, faecal specimens from 221 (9.0%) of 2458 hospital patients with diarrhoea tested positive for NoV. The incidence in children varied from 2.52 per 1000 admissions in 2004/05 (when testing began to be performed routinely) to 11.9 per 1000 admissions in 2006/07, while the incidence in adults remained stable (mean: 1.49 per 1000 admissions). Two genotypes predominated during the study period: GIIb strains occurred mainly in children below the age of two-and-a-half years [odds ratio (OR): 14.7; P<0.0001] whereas GII.4 strains affected all age groups. Compared with rotavirus infections, NoV infections in children were more often hospital-acquired (59% vs 39%, OR: 2.29; P<0.01). Among these cases we identified 22 clusters of NoV infection among inpatients. Twelve of 53 patients from whom follow-up samples were available demonstrated long-term virus shedding. We report a dynamic pattern of sporadic NoV infections in large hospitals, with frequent nosocomial transmission and with the predominance of GIIb-related strains in children. Effective prevention strategies are required to reduce the impact of sporadic NoV infection in vulnerable patients.


Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Infecções por Caliciviridae/genética , Infecções por Caliciviridae/transmissão , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , Infecção Hospitalar/virologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Norovirus/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
8.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 38(1): 41-6, 2006 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16715108

RESUMO

Detection of Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) DNA in plasma can facilitate the early recognition of complicated VZV-infection in immunocompromised hosts. The correlation of VZV-DNA in plasma with clinical presentations of VZV-infection and subsequent aciclovir treatment in allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) recipients was studied. In 81 consecutive VZV-IgG positive allo-SCT recipients, VZV-DNA was measured at regular time points (1, 2 and 4 months) following allo-SCT and patient records were screened for VZV-related symptoms and aciclovir treatment. Subsequently, possible VZV-cases were studied in detail for the course of VZV-DNA and treatment effects. During the initial screening, VZV-DNA was detectable in seven patients. The survey of VZV-related symptoms revealed five additional possible VZV-cases. In cases where suitable plasma samples were available (10 out of 12), VZV-DNA was present almost simultaneously with the first clinical manifestations. No evidence of a preceding phase detectable by VZV-DNA only could be observed. Treatment with aciclovir was associated with a prompt reduction of VZV-DNA load. Detection of VZV-DNA in plasma in allo-SCT recipients accurately reflected the clinical presentation of VZV-infection and treatment with aciclovir. VZV-DNA detection in plasma of allo-SCT recipients appears clinically relevant as this may support early recognition and therapeutic management of VZV-infections following allo-SCT.


Assuntos
DNA Viral/sangue , Herpes Zoster/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Humano 3/genética , Transplante de Células-Tronco/efeitos adversos , Aciclovir/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Herpes Zoster/sangue , Herpes Zoster/tratamento farmacológico , Herpesvirus Humano 3/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores de Tempo , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento , Viremia/sangue , Viremia/diagnóstico
9.
J Clin Virol ; 33(4): 306-11, 2005 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15994117

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adequate laboratory diagnosis of human rhinoviruses (hRV) and human metapneumoviruses (h MPV) requires molecular methods as viral culture lacks sensitivity. However, setting up individual PCRs for all respiratory viruses is not practical so preferentially multiplex PCRs are used. OBJECTIVES: To develop for routine diagnosis a rapid real-time PCR assay for detection of hRV and h MPV including an internal control in a single tube multiplex reaction using probes carrying different fluorophores to discriminate targets. STUDY DESIGN: The multiplex real-time RNA PCR was optimized to include the internal control virus and a total of 358 respiratory samples from 239 patients taken over a one-year period were analyzed by the multiplex assay. RESULTS: The multiplex assay with co-amplification of the internal control was as sensitive and specific as the individual assays. Application of this assay on clinical samples from 239 patients in a one-year period resulted in an incidence of hRV and h MPV of 41/239 (17.1%) and 6/239 (2.5%), respectively. Inhibition, defined as poor internal control amplification, was detected in 8 (2.2%) samples. Culture was performed on these samples and only four hRV were detected. CONCLUSIONS: This real-time PCR method enables sensitive diagnosis of these two respiratory pathogens with the potential to expand the assay as part of a full molecular respiratory viral screen.


Assuntos
Metapneumovirus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , RNA Viral/análise , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Rhinovirus/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Metapneumovirus/genética , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/virologia , Infecções por Picornaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Picornaviridae/virologia , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Padrões de Referência , Sistema Respiratório/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Rhinovirus/genética , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores de Tempo
10.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 35 Suppl 1: S73-6, 2005 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15812536

RESUMO

Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are a frequent cause of potentially fatal infections in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, especially in children. Monitoring of serum/plasma by real-time quantitative PCR is a sensitive tool for the recognition of patients at risk of a potentially fatal infection and for the evaluation of the efficacy of treatment. Data from a retrospective study and from a prospective study demonstrate that recovery of immunity after transplantation is essential for the elimination of HAdV infection. The feasibility of several approaches for the manipulation of immunity in the immunocompromised host to prevent a fatal course of the infection is discussed.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/sangue , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/diagnóstico , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , DNA Viral/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante Homólogo
12.
Clin Infect Dis ; 38(11): 1521-5, 2004 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15156436

RESUMO

Adenovirus (AdV) infections are an increasingly frequent and potentially fatal complication in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. To determine the antiviral potential of ribavirin in an unbiased way, 4 patients without immune recovery were prospectively analyzed by quantitative measurement of plasma AdV DNA load. Administration of ribavirin at the first signs of AdV dissemination was not accompanied by a decrease in the plasma AdV DNA load in any of these patients, and an increase in the AdV load was even documented in 3. These observations question the potential of ribavirin to improve the outcome for patients with disseminating AdV infection and support a critical evaluation of antiviral treatments for AdV infection that involves the kinetics of virus DNA load as an objective parameter of viral replication.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/patologia , Adenovírus Humanos/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA Viral/sangue , Ribavirina/farmacologia , Ribavirina/farmacocinética , Carga Viral , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/sangue , Adenovírus Humanos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Adenovírus Humanos/metabolismo , Adolescente , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , DNA Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Linfócitos/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Células-Tronco/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
J Clin Virol ; 17(1): 65-8, 2000 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10814941

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus disease is still a major problem in immunocompromised patients, such as bone marrow or kidney transplantation patients. The detection of viral antigen in leukocytes (antigenemia) has proven to be a clinically relevant marker of CMV activity and has found widespread application. Because most existing assays are rather time-consuming and laborious, an accelerated version (Brite Turbo) of an existing method (Brite) has been developed. The major modification is in the direct lysis of erythrocytes instead of separation by sedimentation. OBJECTIVE: In this study the Brite Turbo method has been compared with the conventional Brite method to detect CMV antigen pp65 in peripheral blood leukocytes of 107 consecutive immunocompromised patients. RESULTS: Both tests produced similar results. Discrepancies were limited to the lowest positive range and sensitivity and specificity were comparable for both tests. CONCLUSIONS: Two major advantages of the Brite Turbo method could be observed in comparison to the original method: assay-time was reduced by more than 50% and only 2 ml of blood was required. An additional advantage was the higher number of positive nuclei in the Brite Turbo method attributable to the increased number of granulocytes in the assay. Early detection of CMV infection or reactivation has become faster and easier with this modified assay.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Citomegalovirus/isolamento & purificação , Fosfoproteínas/sangue , Proteínas da Matriz Viral/sangue , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Transplante/efeitos adversos , Viremia/diagnóstico , Viremia/virologia
14.
Int J Epidemiol ; 21(3): 583-8, 1992 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1634322

RESUMO

Since 1976, when general immunization against measles was introduced in the Netherlands, all new cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were registered and detailed data about immunization, epidemiology and disease progression were collected on them. Up to 1991, 99 new patients have been registered of which 81 were born in this country and 18 elsewhere. From 1981 onwards, the incidence of SSPE among those born in the Netherlands decreased gradually from 13 cases per year to one case per year. This decrease is attributed to the large scale of immunization against measles. Three SSPE patients had been immunized against measles, all of them without a history of clinical measles. Epidemiology and risk factors of SSPE did not differ from those reported in other countries. An exceptional cluster of four patients in one town, who had measles in the same year, is reported. Progression of SSPE appeared to be age related. A total of 28 patients was treated with Inosiplex; no significant effect on survival in stage 3 of the disease was found.


Assuntos
Panencefalite Esclerosante Subaguda/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Panencefalite Esclerosante Subaguda/prevenção & controle , Vacinação
15.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 27(10): 1053-8, 2001 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11438820

RESUMO

We report the results of a retrospective single-center study comparing engraftment, acute and chronic GVHD, relapse and survival in patients with malignant hematological disorders transplanted with allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (alloPBSCT, n = 40) or bone marrow cells (alloBMT, n = 42). All transplants were T cell depleted by in vitro incubation with the Campath-1 monoclonal antibody. Primary graft failure occurred in none of the patients receiving an alloPBSCT compared with 3/42 of the recipients of an alloBMT. In addition, two patients in the alloBMT group showed no platelet engraftment. Recipients of PBSC had a more rapid recovery of neutrophils (median 14 days) compared to BM transplant recipients (median 32 days). Platelet recovery was also accelerated in PBSC recipients compared to BM recipients (11 vs 38 days). There was an increase in the incidence of grade II acute GVHD and chronic GVHD in patients after alloPBSCT (18% and 23%, respectively) compared to patients receiving alloBMT (5% and 8%, respectively). The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse was similar in both groups (47%). At 6 months after transplantation, transplant-related mortality (TRM) was lower in PBSCT recipients than in BMT recipients. However, at a follow-up of 3 years TRM was similar in both groups. The disease-free survival rate at 3 years after transplantation did not differ between the groups (42% for PBSCT and 41% for BMT recipients). Our results indicate that T cell-depleted alloPBSCT compared to alloBMT is associated with a more rapid hematopoietic reconstitution and a decreased TRM at 6 months follow-up after transplantation. However, at a follow-up of 3 years, no sustained survival benefits were observed.


Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea/normas , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/normas , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto , Células Sanguíneas/transplante , Transplante de Medula Óssea/mortalidade , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/mortalidade , Humanos , Depleção Linfocítica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento
16.
Curr Eye Res ; 11 Suppl: 141-6, 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1330443

RESUMO

Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is strongly associated with the genetic marker and cell membrane protein HLA-B27. Although also other genetic factors must play a pathogenetic role, the HLA-class I molecule B27 is up to now the only hold. The normal task of HLA class I molecules is to present endogenous, mostly viral, peptides to receptors on cytotoxic T cells. It is possible that HLA molecules at the cell surface serve as viral receptors. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) particles have been found to bind beta 2m. This might promote infectivity by a binding to HLA alpha-chains on cell membranes. We studied this mechanism using mouse fibroblasts transfected for human HLA class I molecules. Susceptibility of these cells for HCMV was compared by measuring of HCMV immediate early antigen (IEA) expression. Earlier we observed that cells transfected with HLA-B27 alpha-chains and beta 2m were significantly more infected than cells expressing HLA-A2 + beta 2m or HLA-B7 or HLA-B27 without beta 2m. However, studying another four, separately transfected, cell lines, all expressing HLA-B27 and beta 2m, three of the five B27 cell lines showed low IEA levels. The degree of infectivity was independent of the degree of B27 expression. These results do not support the previous suggestion that HLA-B27 might act as an HCMV receptor.


Assuntos
Citomegalovirus/metabolismo , Antígeno HLA-B27/metabolismo , Receptores Virais/metabolismo , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Antígenos Virais/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Citomegalovirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fibroblastos/microbiologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Camundongos , Transfecção , Microglobulina beta-2/genética
17.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd ; 148(6): 286-8, 2004 Feb 07.
Artigo em Holandês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15004957

RESUMO

A 44-year-old woman suffered fever, headache and meningism during a summer stay in a region of central Italy where sand-fly fever is endemic. A few days after returning to the Netherlands, she appeared mentally and physically slow but had no fever. Because of the possibility of viral meningitis an examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was carried out. This revealed a cell count of 1074/3 cells. Toscana virus antibodies of the IgG and IgM subclass were detected in two respective serum samples and in the CSF. This led to the diagnosis 'Toscana virus meningo-encephalitis'. Toscana virus is classified amongst the sandfly fever virus group. These viruses are transmitted by sand flies (Phlebotomus species) which reside in humid areas around the Mediterranean. Toscana virus is the main cause of viral meningoencephalitis in some areas of central Italy and possibly in southern Spain. The patient recovered within a few days without antiviral therapy. Toscana virus meningo-encephalitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of holidaymakers with neurological symptoms returning from the Mediterranean.


Assuntos
Meningite Viral/diagnóstico , Febre por Flebótomos/diagnóstico , Vírus da Febre do Flebótomo Napolitano/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Itália , Meningite Viral/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meningite Viral/virologia , Febre por Flebótomos/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Febre por Flebótomos/virologia , Vírus da Febre do Flebótomo Napolitano/imunologia , Viagem
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