COVID-19 restrictions and recreational fisheries in Ontario, Canada: Preliminary insights from an online angler survey.

The COVID-19 pandemic and corresponding public health mitigation strategies have altered many facets of human life. And yet, little is known about how public health measures have impacted complex socio-ecological systems such as recreational fisheries. Using an online snowball survey, we targeted resident anglers in Ontario, Canada, to obtain preliminary insights on how the pandemic has impacted recreational fishing and related activity. We also explored angler perspectives on pandemic-related restrictions and other aspects of fisheries management. Our results point to the value of recreational fisheries for the mental and physical well-being of participants, as well as the value and popularity of outdoor recreation during a pandemic. Although angling effort and fish consumption appeared to decline during the early phases of the pandemic, approximately 21 % of the anglers who responded to our survey self-identified as new entrants who had begun or resumed fishing in that time. Self-reported motivations to fish during the pandemic suggest that free time, importance to mental and physical health, and desires for self-sufficiency caused some anglers to fish more, whereas a lack of free time, poor or uncertain accessibility, and perceived risks caused some anglers to fish less. Respondents also expressed their desires for more clear and consistent communication about COVID-19 fishing restrictions from governments, and viewed angling as a safe pandemic activity. Information on recreational angler behaviours, motivations, and perspectives during the pandemic may prove valuable to fisheries managers and policy makers looking to optimize their strategies for confronting this and other similar crises.

Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis secondary to fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) mutation: a report of two affected families and review of the literature.

Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC), secondary to fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) gene mutation, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent calcified masses. We describe young Lebanese cousins presenting with HFTC, based on a retrospective chart review and a prospective case study. In addition, we present a comprehensive review on the topic, based on a literature search conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar, in 2014 and updated in December 2017. While the patients had the same previously reported FGF23 gene mutation (homozygous c.G367T variant in exon 3 leading to a missense mutation), they presented with variable severity and age of disease onset (at 4 years in patient 1 and at 23 years in patient 2). A review of the literature revealed several potential patho-physiologic pathways of HFTC clinical manifestations, some of which may be independent of hyperphosphatemia. Most available treatment options aim at reducing serum phosphate level, by stimulating renal excretion or by inhibiting intestinal absorption. HFTC is a challenging disease. While the available medical treatment has a limited and inconsistent effect on disease symptomatology, surgical resection of calcified masses remains the last resort. Research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of FGF23 replacement or molecular therapy, targeting the specific genetic aberration. Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent calcified masses, in addition to other visceral, skeletal, and vascular manifestations. It remains a very challenging disease.

Determination of inner implant's volumes: a pilot study for microleakage quantification by stereomicroscopy and spectrophotometry.

AIM: Microleakage quantification of fluids and microorganisms through the connections of different implant parts seems to be sparse. Moreover, no data exist regarding the determination of the volumes of inner parts of dental implant systems. This study aims to determine the volumes of inner parts of three dental implant systems with the same interface and to evaluate the microleakage phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three implant system sets (Euro-teknika(®), Astra Tech(®) and Implantium(®)) were used in this study. Implants were inoculated with safranin, brain heart infusion and distilled water. After inoculation and assembly of the different parts, different inner volumes (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6) were measured and, the surfaces of the micro gaps were observed through a stereomicroscope. Implants containing safranin were immersed in vials containing distilled water. Samples then were taken to determine optical density using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Regardless the used substance, volumes of the 3-implant systems are different. Although volumes V1, V 2, V 3 and V5 appeared to be constant within the same system regardless the used substance, volumes V4 and V6 were not. CONCLUSION: The determination of the volumes and the evaluation of leaked substance using stereomicroscopic and spectrophotometric methods showed the accuracy of these methods and the importance of their use in the study of microleakage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Leakage is an important factor for chronic inflammatory infiltration and marginal bone resorption. Studies have shown fluid and bacterial leakage into abutment- implant (A-I) assemblies of certain implants with 'closely locked' abutments and the creation of a constant bacterial reservoir in the empty space found between the implant and the abutment.

Adaptational changes in cellular phospholipids and fatty acid composition of the food pathogen Listeria monocytogenes as a stress response to disinfectant sanitizer benzalkonium chloride.

AIMS: This study provides a first approach to observing the alterations of the cell membrane lipids in the adaptation response of Listeria monocytogenes to the sanitizer benzalkonium chloride. METHODS AND RESULTS: A thorough investigation of the composition of polar and neutral lipids from L. monocytogenes grown when exposed to benzalkonium chloride is compared to cells optimally grown. The adaptation mechanism of L. monocytogenes in the presence of benzalkonium chloride caused (i) an increase in saturated-chain fatty acids (mainly C(16:0) and C(18:0) ) and unsaturated fatty acids (mainly C(16:1) and C(18:1) ) at the expense of branched-chain fatty acids (mainly C(a-15:0) and C(a-17:0) ) mainly because of neutral fatty acids; (ii) no alteration in the percentage of neutral and polar lipid content among total lipids; (iii) a decrease in lipid phosphorus and (iv) an obvious increase in the anionic phospholipids and a decrease in the amphiphilic phosphoaminolipid. CONCLUSIONS: These lipid changes could lead to decreased membrane fluidity and also to modifications of physicochemical properties of cell surface and thus changes in bacterial adhesion to abiotic surfaces. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The adaptation and resistance of L. monocytogenes to disinfectants is able to change its physiology to allow growth in food-processing plants. Understanding microbial stress response mechanisms would improve the effective use of disinfectants.

Decompression and Enucleation of a Mandibular Radicular Cyst, Followed by Bone Regeneration and Implant-Supported Dental Restoration.

Odontogenic cysts are usually treated by enucleation (cystectomy). Limited cysts (less than 5 cm) are usually managed by primary excision (total cystectomy), whereas larger ones (exceeding 5 cm) are often decompressed or marsupialized. Because it consists only of opening a much smaller surgical window, decompression is regarded as a more conservative method of treatment: this method associates the creation of an opening (window) into the cystic cavity with the suturing of a decompressing device (plastic tube or stent) at the periphery of the cyst. Apart from releasing intraluminal pressure in the pathological cavity, this procedure helps the lesion to progressively decrease in volume "with a gradual increase in bone apposition" and preserves pulp vitality and periodontal integrity of the adjacent teeth. We are reporting a case of a mandibular radicular cyst that was treated by decompression, followed by enucleation, bone reconstruction, and restoration with two osseointegrated dental implants. The cystic cavity progressively decreased in volume and increased in bone density.

Effect of Milliamperage Reduction on Pre-surgical Implant Planning Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography by Surgeons of Varying Experience.

BACKGROUND: Differences in CBCT units and the lack of standardization result in exposure to radiation doses beyond what is required for diagnostic purposes, especially when planning the surgical placement of dental implants. AIM: To assess the influence of low- and high-dose milliamperage settings on CBCT images for objective and subjective implant planning among senior specialists (5 years of experience) and juniors (fresh graduates). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two dry skulls (4 hemi-maxillary segments of the maxilla and 4 hemi-maxillary segments of the mandible) were scanned under low (2 mA) and high (6.3 mA) dosage settings using the Carestream CS 9300 machine. Cross-sectional slices of both image qualities were evaluated by the 5 seniors and the 5 juniors for subjective image utility for implant planning and for objective linear bone measurements. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in bone measurements taken on high- or low-dose images by all seniors and by the majority of juniors (p > 0.05). In qualitative image assessments, there was independence between assessment and image quality for almost all observers. For planning posterior mandibular implant placement, increased dosage improved concordance and kappa values between low- and high-dose images for senior observers (from K = 0.287 at low dose to K = 0.718 at high does) but not for juniors (K = 0.661 and K = 0.509 for low and high dose, respectively). CONCLUSION: Reduction in milliamperage did not affect diagnostic image quality for objective bone measurements and produced sufficient concordance for qualitative assessment. Judicious optimization of milliamperage settings based on individual diagnostic requirements can result in significant dose reduction without compromising diagnostic decision-making.

Lingual paresthesia following surgical placement of implants: report of a case.

Lingual paresthesia following the surgical placement of implants does not occur frequently. When it does occur, a serious problem may result for the practitioner, especially if the patient has not been informed of the risk before surgery. This report emphasizes the importance of practitioner experience and competence. It also addresses the need for knowledge of the course of the lingual nerve and preoperative planning of implant placement in the mandible.

Duplicated mandibular canal: report of a case.

Standard anatomy textbooks describe the mandibular canal as having a consistent, standard path. The fact that variations in its path exist in a significant percentage of the population is of extreme importance for the surgeon who is performing procedures in close proximity to the mandibular canal. A rare, radiographically detectable variation of the standard anatomy of the mandibular canal is reported.

Non Hodgkin's lymphoma of the maxilla as a first clinical manifestation of HIV infection. Report of a case.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the oral cavity is rare. When it occurs, one should be suspicious of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). NHL is the second most common malignancy associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This report describes the occurrence of a maxillary NHL as a primary clinical manifestation of HIV infection.