Psychological Factors Predicting Sedentary Behavior of Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil.

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the psychological factors that might predict the sedentary behavior of 654 older adults from the South Region of Brazil. The participants were evaluated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; Mini-Mental State Exam; Geriatric Anxiety Scale; and the scales Geriatric Depression, Purpose in Life, Perceived Stress, Rosenberg Self-Esteem, and Satisfaction with Life. Data analysis was conducted through Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis (p < .05). No significant (p > .05) correlation was found between the sedentary behavior variables with self-esteem. Multiple regression analysis revealed that psychological variables explained 6% of the variance of sitting time during the week (R2 = .06; F = 11.546; p < .01). Depression showed a positive prediction (ß = -0.10; p = .040), while life satisfaction (ß = -0.16; p = .001) and purpose in life (ß = -0.10; p = .026) showed negative prediction. Psychological variables predicted only 3% of the variance of sitting time during the weekend (R2 = .03; F = 5.629; p < .01), showing that life satisfaction had significant (p = .007) and negative (ß = -0.13) association. Life satisfaction and purpose in life can be considered protector factors to sedentary behavior, while depression is a potentiating factor.

Morphofunctional parameters, physical fitness and musculoskeletal symptoms in cooperative recyclers.

Introduction: Members of solid waste recycling cooperatives are exposed to serious conditions and complications in their everyday life, which makes them likely to present poor quality of life and unfavorable health conditions in their work environment. Objectives: To evaluate morphofunctional parameters, physical fitness, and musculoskeletal symptoms of workers at solid waste recycling cooperatives in Maringá, state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data were collected from 60 cooperative members of both sexes linked to the Popular and Solidarity Recycling Association of Maringá. Participants underwent a medical screening at the cooperative, involving anamnesis, pulmonary and cardiac auscultation, and blood pressure measurement. In a second moment, they underwent physical assessment in the laboratory, using instruments for physical tests and questionnaires. Results: There was a predominance of females in the sample (54%), with a mean age of 41.82±12.03 years, and most participants did not practice physical activity (70%). With regard to body composition, women had the highest body mass index (28.29±6.61 kg/m2); as for the variables physical and aerobic fitness, men showed better scores than women (p < 0.05). In relation to musculoskeletal symptoms, most participants complained of lower back pain (56.66%). Conclusions: Although the results for anthropometric variables are within normal standards in most cooperative members, most of them present with musculoskeletal symptoms and do not practice physical activity, which can have negative implications in their health conditions in the medium and long term.

Introdução: Os cooperados de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos são expostos a gravidades e complicações no seu dia a dia. Diante disso, é possível que apresentem uma má qualidade de vida e condições de saúde não favoráveis em seu âmbito de trabalho. Objetivos: Avaliar os parâmetros morfofuncionais, a aptidão física e os sintomas osteomusculares dos trabalhadores das cooperativas de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos de Maringá, no estado do Paraná. Métodos: Tratou-se de estudo quantitativo do tipo transversal descritivo. Foram coletados dados de 60 cooperados, de ambos os sexos, vinculados à Associação de Reciclagem Popular e Solidária de Maringá. Os participantes foram submetidos a uma triagem médica na cooperativa, envolvendo anamnese, ausculta pulmonar e cardíaca e mensuração da pressão arterial. Em um segundo momento, foram submetidos à avaliação física em laboratório, com a utilização de instrumentos para testes físicos e preenchimento de questionários. Resultados: Na amostra, houve predomínio do sexo feminino (54%), com média de idade de 41,82±12,03, e a maioria não praticava exercícios físicos (70%). Quanto à composição corporal, o sexo feminino apresentou maior índice de massa corporal (28,29±6,61 kg/m2); para as variáveis de aptidão física e aeróbia, o sexo masculino apresentou melhores escores em relação ao sexo feminino (p < 0,05). Em relação aos sintomas osteomusculares, a maioria relatou sintomas de dor na parte inferior das costas (56,66%). Conclusões: Apesar de os resultados das variáveis antropométricas da maioria dos cooperados encontrarem-se dentro dos padrões de normalidade, a maioria apresenta sintomas osteomusculares e não pratica atividades físicas, o que pode ter implicações negativas nas suas condições de saúde a médio e longo prazo.

The influence of age and overweight or obesity on foot sensitivity and postural control: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review on the influence of age and overweight-or obesity-on foot sensitivity, as well as its relationship with balance and postural control. METHODS: Publications in the following databases were searched up to December 2018: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Both randomised controlled and non-randomised trials, plus cross-sectional studies that evaluated foot sensitivity and balance in adults and/or older people, were investigated. RESULTS: A total of 152 studies were found, 14 studies were included and 506 people of both sexes were involved in the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: Increased age represented a detrimental effect on foot sensitivity. Most studies showed that decreased foot sensitivity was related to worse balance and/or postural stability. Overweight or obesity was associated with plantar sensitivity, with lower sensitivity and decreased postural stability observed in obese people.

Sports and Functional Training Improve a Subset of Obesity-Related Health Parameters in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

To investigate the effects of two different modes of physical activity on body composition, physical fitness, cardiometabolic risk, and psychological responses in female adolescents participating in a multi-disciplinary program. The 12-week randomized intervention included 25-adolescents with overweight divided into two groups: sports practice-SPG and functional training-FTG. The SPG intervention was divided into three sports: basketball, handball, and futsal. SPG participants performed one sport 3-times/week, over the course of 1 month. The FTG performed concurrent exercises 3-times/week. This study was registered in Clinical Trials Registry Platform under number: RBR-45ywtg and registered in Local Ethics Committee number: 2,505.200/2018. The intensity of physical exercises-PE was matched between groups by the rating of perceived exertion. The primary outcome was body composition, and secondary outcomes were physical fitness, cardiometabolic risk, and psychological responses. There was a significant time-effect for body mass, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), all being reduced. There were increases over time for musculoskeletal mass, aerobic fitness, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) (p < 0.05). There was a group time interaction with body fat percentage being lower post-intervention in the SPG (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for the other variables. Both physical activity models were effective in improving a subset of obesity-related health parameters. The findings should be extended by further investigation using more sophisticated measures of energy expenditure. Clinical Trial Registration: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/, identifier: RBR-45ywtg.

Group Nutrition Counseling or Individualized Prescription for Women With Obesity? A Clinical Trial.

Background: This study investigates the effects of group counseling vs. individual dietary prescription on physical, nutritional, and mental health in overweight or obese women. Methods: Seventy-four women aged 40-59 years with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 were randomized into 2 intervention arms: group nutrition counseling (GNC) or individualized nutrition prescription (INP). Twenty-seven women completed the 12-week intervention protocol. The GNC received counseling once a week and the INP received an individualized prescription once a month. All participants attended physical exercise sessions 3 times a week following the same protocol. Body mass, body mass index, fat mass, body fat percentage, lean mass, lipid profile, hemoglobin A1c, insulin and liver transaminases were measured pre- and post-intervention in both arms. A 3 day food record was applied to calculate the intake of calories, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Body image dissatisfaction, level of anxiety, self-esteem measure and pathological eating attitudes were measured. Results: Both dietary interventions decreased body mass, body mass index, fat mass, body fat percentage, total caloric intake, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, body dissatisfaction, anxiety, and saturated and polyunsaturated fats (p < 0.05). Lean mass, metabolic variables, self-esteem and pathological eating attitudes remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both nutritional interventions combined with concurrent exercise were effective to improve anthropometrics, body composition, food intake, and some mental health parameters. We suggest that the choice of nutritional intervention (GNC or INP) could be based on the participants preference, considering the adherence and satisfaction, to promote health and quality of life.

Effects of the Order of Physical Exercises on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents Participating in an Interdisciplinary Program Focusing on the Treatment of Obesity.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the order of physical exercises on body composition, physical fitness, and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents participating in an interdisciplinary program focusing on the treatment of obesity. The final 12-week analyses involved 33 female adolescents who were split into two groups of concurrent training (CT): resistance plus aerobic training and aerobic plus resistance training, with equalization performed in all physical exercises. The only difference between the two groups was the order in which the exercises were performed. The results showed reductions in fat mass, body fat, and waist circumference, as well as increases in musculoskeletal mass and resting metabolic rate (p < 0.05) following the multiprofessional intervention period. However, no significant differences were observed in regard to body mass, body mass index, neck circumference, or arm circumference (p > 0.05). Maximal isometric strength and maximal oxygen consumption showed significant increases after the intervention period (p < 0.05). There were reductions in insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins (p < 0.05), and an interaction within the resistance plus aerobic training group showed lower values for triglycerides when compared to itself (p = 0.002). No difference was found in fasting glycemia for either group (p > 0.05). It is worth noting that the equalization training variables presented no differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Based on these results, both CT methods were found to be effective in promoting health parameters in overweight and obese female adolescents, and triglyceride values decreased more in the resistance plus aerobic group. Future studies with larger samples and feeding control should be conducted to confirm or refute our findings.

Socioeconomic and demographic determinants in the provision of assistance to elderly people with a fractured femur. / Determinantes socioeconômicos e demográficos na assistência à fratura de fêmur em idosos.

Femur fracture affects the elderly with high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the profile of the assistance given to the elderly who have femoral fractures, relating to their socioeconomic and demographic conditions, in the state of Paraná between the years 2008 to 2013. These relationships were obtained through factor analysis and the development and analysis of the following rates: PAE - the potential of primary health care to the elderly, whose variable was represented by the contribution of the elderly to the municipal GDP, PAP - the potential of the primary health care to the population, represented by GDP per capita and TE - treatment efficiency represented by the annual rate of fractures and annual rate of death per residence. The municipalities were classified according to the rate variation range. In relation to PAE, 10 municipalities were classified with low potential of care for the elderly, 357 with moderate potential and 32 had low potential. In relation to PAE, 12 municipalities were classified with low potential of primary care for the elderly, 303 with moderate potential and 84 had low potential. In relation to TE, 109 municipalities showed high treatment efficiency, 110 with moderate efficiency and 180 had low efficiency. Our conclusion was that the performance of the economy exerts significant influence on femoral fracture morbidity in the elderly.

A fratura de fêmur afeta os idosos apresentando alta morbimortalidade. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o perfil da assistência à fratura de fêmur em idosos, relacionando às condições socioeconômicas e demográficas, no Paraná entre os anos 2008 a 2013. As relações foram obtidas por meio de análise fatorial e construção dos índices: PAI - potencial de atenção ao idoso, cuja variável foi representada pelo PIB municipal idoso; PAP - potencial de atenção à população, representado pelo PIB per capta; e ET - eficiência do tratamento representado pela taxa anual de fraturas e taxa anual de óbitos por residência. Os municípios foram classificados de acordo com a faixa de variação por índice. Em relação ao PAI, 10 municípios foram classificados com baixo potencial de atenção ao idoso; 357 com moderado potencial; e 32 com baixo potencial. Em relação ao PAP, 12 municípios foram classificados com alto potencial de atenção à população; 303 com moderado potencial; e 84 com baixo potencial. Em relação ao ET, 109 municípios apresentaram alta eficiência do tratamento; 110 com moderada eficiência; e 180 com baixa eficiência. Conclui-se que o desempenho da economia exerce significativa influência na assistência à fratura de fêmur em idosos.

Physical activity level and lifestyle perception in prebariatric surgery patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle perception and physical activity levels in obese prebariatric surgery patients. METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 96 male and female morbidly obese prebariatric surgery patients. Questionnaires addressing sociodemographic profile, lifestyle perception and physical activity levels were applied. RESULTS: Patients were aged 40.3±11.45 years. Inadequate levels of physical activity were reported by 47.8% of patients; most respondents (79.2%) attributed scores defined as inadequate to the physical activity domain of the lifestyle questionnaire. Time spent on physical activity practice per week differed significantly between patients reporting being physically active or physically inactive in adolescence (p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Most obese prebariatric surgery patients perceive their lifestyle as inadequate, in spite of eligibility for bariatric surgery. Results also indicate that physical activity practice and nutrition are the domains with greatest impacts on patient lifestyle, and that physical activity practice in adolescence may contribute to adoption of a more active behavior in adulthood, which may represent a vital tool for health promotion in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Relação entre a resposta imunológica contra a Covid-19 e o nível de atividade física de pessoas idosas / Relationship between immune response against Covid-19 and level of physical activity in elderly people / Relación entre la respuesta inmune contra el Covid-19 y el nivel de actividad física de ancianos

Devido à pandemia global do novo coronavírus (SARS-COV-2), restringiu- se o acesso a locais destinados a prática de exercícios físicos, o que elevou a inatividade física dos brasileiros. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se pessoas idosas fisicamente ativas apresentam melhor resposta imunológica à vacina contra a COVID-19, quando comparadas às pessoas idosas não ativas. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa, do tipo transversal observacional. A amostra foi composta por 26 idosas do município de Maringá/PR. Foram coletados dados sobre perfil sociodemográfico, condições de saúde e do nível de atividade (IPAQ-8). Com a aplicação do IPAQ as idosas foram distribuídas em dois grupos: grupo ativas (GAT) e grupo sedentárias (GSD). Após, as participantes foram submetidas a exame laboratorial com coleta de sangue para dosar a presença de anticorpos neutralizantes contra SARS-CoV-2. Após a aplicação do teste do qui-quadrado (p<0,05) verificou-se maior percentual de idosas com teste não reagente do grupo ativa (30,77%), quando comparado ao percentual de idosas com teste não reagente do grupo sedentário (19,24%). Ainda, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001) entre a proporção de idosas com nenhuma/uma doença (26,9%) e a proporção de idosas com duas ou mais doenças (23,07%). Conclui-se que, ser ativa fisicamente não determina o resultado do teste como reagente e que quanto menor o número de doenças, maior a chance de resposta imunológica à vacina contra a COVID- 19.

Due to the global pandemic of the new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2), access to places for physical exercise has been restricted, increasing the physical inactivity of Brazilians. The aim of this study was to verify whether physically active elderly people have a better immunological response to the vaccine against COVID-19, when compared to non-active elderly people. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional observational study. The sample was composed of 26 elderly women from the city of Maringá/PR. We collected data on the sociodemographic profile, health conditions and activity level (IPAQ-8). After applying the IPAQ, the elderly women were distributed into two groups: active group (GAT) and sedentary group (GSD). After that, the participants were submitted to a laboratory exam with blood sample collection to determine the presence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. After applying the chi-square test (p<0.05), a higher percentage of elderly women with a non-reactive test from the active group (30.77%) was found, when compared to the percentage of elderly women with a non-reactive test from the sedentary group (19.24%). Also, a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was observed between the proportion of elderly women with none/one disease (26.9%) and the proportion of elderly women with two or more diseases (23.07%). It is concluded that being physically active does not determine the test result as reagent and that the fewer the number of diseases, the greater the chance of immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine.

Debido a la pandemia mundial del nuevo coronavirus (SARS-COV-2), el acceso a lugares para ejercicio físico fue restringido, lo que aumentó la inactividad física de los brasileños. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si los ancianos físicamente activos presentan mejor respuesta inmunológica a la vacuna contra el COVID-19, en comparación con los ancianos no activos. Se trata de un estudio observacional cuantitativo y transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 26 ancianas del municipio de Maringá/PR. Foram recolhidos dados sobre perfil sociodemográfico, condições de saúde e nível de atividade (IPAQ-8). Com a aplicação do IPAQ as idosas foram distribuídas em dois grupos: grupo ativo (GAT) e grupo sedentário (GSD). Posteriormente, las participantes fueron sometidas a un examen de laboratorio con extracción de sangre para determinar la presencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes contra el SARS-CoV-2. Tras la aplicación de la prueba de chi-cuadrado (p<0,05) se verificó un mayor porcentaje de ancianas con prueba no reactiva en el grupo activo (30,77%), en comparación con el porcentaje de ancianas con prueba no reactiva en el grupo sedentario (19,24%). Además, se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001) entre la proporción de ancianas con ninguna/una enfermedad (26,9%) y la proporción de ancianas con dos o más enfermedades (23,07%). Se concluye que, ser físicamente activo no determina el resultado de la prueba como reactivo y que cuanto menor es el número de enfermedades, mayor es la posibilidad de respuesta inmunológica a la vacuna COVID- 19.

Espiritualidade e o nível de qualidade de vida de fisioterapeutas em período de pandemia de covid-19 / Spirituality and the level of quality of life of physical therapists in the period of the covid-19 pandemic / Espiritualidad y nivel de calidad de vida de los fisioterapeutas en el período de la pandemia de covid-19

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência da espiritualidade na qualidade de vida de fisioterapeutas atuantes na linha de frente da pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de estudo de tipo transversal e observacional. A amostra foi composta por 25 fisioterapeutas atuantes na linha de frente da COVID-19, de ambos os sexos, de um município do noroeste do Paraná. Inicialmente os participantes responderam um questionário sociodemográfico e a seguir o questionário de Qualidade de Vida (QV) e a Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual (EBEE). Como resultado, verificou-se que há maior presença de participantes nas faixas etárias entre 20 a 25 e 26 a 30 anos, nota-se também a predominância de pessoas do sexo feminino. Pôde-se constatar ainda que 80% dos entrevistados trabalhavam a mais de um ano na linha de frente da pandemia de COVID- 19, enquanto 20% de seis meses a um ano. A correlação dos domínios de QV com a escala de EBEE foi fortemente positiva com os domínios físico (r=0,671; p<0,001) e psicológico (r=0,707; p<0,001). Conclui-se que os domínios físico e psicológico de QV dos fisioterapeutas estão fortemente correlacionados positivamente com o constructo da Escala de EBEE, mostrando que estratégias que estimulem o BEE e o BER podem impactar positivamente na percepção de uma melhor qualidade de vida para essa população.

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of spirituality on the quality of life of physical therapists working in the front line of the covid-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional, observational study. The sample was composed of 25 physical therapists of both genders, working on the front line of COVID-19, from a city in the northwest of Paraná. Initially the participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and then the Quality of Life questionnaire (QL) and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (EBEE). As a result, it was verified that there is a greater presence of participants in the 20 to 25 and 26 to 30 age brackets. It was also possible to verify that 80% of the interviewees had worked for more than a year in the front line of the pandemic of COVID- 19, while 20% had worked from six months to a year. The correlation of QoL domains with the EBEE scale was strongly positive with the physical (r=0.671; p<0.001) and psychological (r=0.707; p<0.001) domains. It is concluded that the physical and psychological domains of QL of physical therapists are strongly positively correlated with the EBEE Scale construct, showing that strategies that stimulate BEE and BER can positively impact the perception of a better quality of life for this population.

El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la influencia de la espiritualidad en la calidad de vida de los fisioterapeutas que trabajan en la primera línea de la pandemia de covid-19. Se trata de un estudio transversal y observacional. La muestra fue compuesta por 25 fisioterapeutas de ambos sexos, de una ciudad del noroeste de Paraná. Inicialmente los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico y después al cuestionario de Calidad de Vida (CV) y a la Escala de Bienestar Espiritual (EBEE). Como resultado, se verificó que hay una mayor presencia de participantes en las franjas etarias de 20 a 25 y de 26 a 30 años. También fue posible verificar que 80% de los entrevistados habían trabajado por más de un año en la línea de frente de la pandemia de COVID-19, mientras que 20% de seis meses a un año. La correlación de los dominios de la CdV con la escala EBEE fue fuertemente positiva con los dominios físico (r=0,671; p<0,001) y psicológico (r=0,707; p<0,001). Se concluye que los dominios físico y psicológico de la CV de los fisioterapeutas están fuertemente correlacionados positivamente con el constructo de la Escala EBEE, mostrando que estrategias que estimulen la EBEE y la BER pueden impactar positivamente en la percepción de una mejor calidad de vida de esta población.

Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade: fatores associados ao uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação / University Open to Older People: factors associated with the use of information and communication technologies

RESUMO Objetivo identificar os fatores associados ao uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação por pessoas idosas de uma Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade. Métodos estudo analítico, transversal, que contou com 102 participantes, de ambos os sexos. Os dados para caracterização do perfil socioeconômico e tecnológico dos idosos foram coletados via web, por meio de questionário autopreenchido. Resultados os achados obtidos na presente pesquisa revelaram que há associação estatisticamente significante entre a frequência no ensino superior e o uso de notebook (p=0,021) e smart TV (p=0,031). Adicionalmente, foi observada associação entre a renda mensal familiar superior a quatro salários mínimos e o uso de tablet (p=0,026), smart TV (p=0,006) e impressora (p=0,002) pelos participantes da amostra. Conclusão o grau de escolaridade e o nível socioeconômico configuraram-se como alguns fatores intervenientes na utilização de tecnologias pelos idosos matriculados em uma Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade. Contribuições para prática: o estudo disponibiliza informações sobre o perfil dos alunos idosos em relação aos principais fatores associados à utilização das tecnologias de informação. Com isso, poderão ser programadas e ofertadas atividades que possibilitem maior integração e motivação dessa população.

ABSTRACT Objective to identify the factors associated with the use of information and communication technologies by older students at a University Open to Older People. Methods this was an analytical, cross-sectional study with 102 participants of both sexes. This was an analytical, cross-sectional study with 102 participants of both sexes. The study collected data from older people via web to characterize the socioeconomic and technological profile through a self-completed questionnaire. Results the findings of the present study revealed the existence of a significant association between the frequency in higher education and the use of notebook (p=0.021) and smart TV (p=0.031). Additionally, the analysis observed an association between the monthly family income higher than four minimum wages and the use of tablet (p=0.026), smart TV (p=0.006) and printer (p=0.002) by the sample participants. Conclusion education level and socioeconomic status were some intervening factors in the use of technologies by the older individuals enrolled in a University Open to Older People. Contributions to practice: the study provides information on the profile of older students regarding the main factors associated with the use of information technologies. With this, activities that enable greater integration and motivation of this population can be programmed and offered.

Inclusão tecnológica: efeitos na saúde mental e qualidade de vida de idosos / Technological inclusion: effects on the mental health and quality of life of elders

Avaliar o efeito de um treinamento em tecnologia digital para idosos da comunidade. Trata-se de um estudo intervencional quase experimental. A amostra foi composta por 12 idosos de ambos os sexos, residentes em Maringá (PR). O estudo ocorreu nas instalações de uma instituição de ensino superior e teve duração de oito semanas, totalizando 32 horas. O protocolo de avaliação e reavaliação consistiu em: coleta dos dados sociodemográficos; aplicação da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica ­ Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS); e aplicação de dois questionários de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-OLD e WHOQOL-BREF). Verificou-se diferença significante entre os momentos pré-intervenção e pós-intervenção no domínio Psicológico (p=0,032) e na faceta Autonomia (p=0,032) da qualidade de vida. O treinamento para a inclusão digital de idosos com o uso de smartphone pode contribuir para melhora da qualidade de vida dos idosos quanto aos aspectos da saúde mental.

To evaluate the effect of training in digital technology for community elders. This is a quasi-experimental interventional study. The sample consisted of 12 elderly people of both sexes, living in Maringá (PR). The study took place at the premises of a higher education institution and lasted eight weeks, totaling 32 hours. The assessment and reassessment protocol consisted of: collecting sociodemographic data; application of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS); and application of two quality of life questionnaires: WHOQOL-OLD and WHOQOL-BREF. There was a significant difference between the pre- and post-intervention moments in the psychological domain (p=0.032) and in the autonomy facet (p=0.032) of quality of life. Training for the digital inclusion of the elderly with the use of smartphones can contribute to improving the quality of life of the elderly in terms of mental health aspects.

Correlação entre Qualidade de Vida e o Nível Educacional da População de Maringá/PR / Correlation between Quality-of-Life and the Educational Level of the Population of Maringá/PR

O nível de escolaridade pode influenciar na qualidade de vida de uma população. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a correlação entre a qualidade de vida (QV) e o nível educacional da população de Maringá-PR. Trata-se de um estudo de base populacional, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 1237 adultos (18 anos ou mais), de ambos os sexos, residentes no município. Foram aplicados instrumentos para obtenção de dados sobre o Perfil sociodemográfico e o questionário WOQOOL-100. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson (X2), sendo adotada a significância de p < 0,05. Houve prevalência de indivíduos com nível bom/muito bom de QV nos domínios psicológico (62,4%), nível de independência (84,9%), relações sociais (77,2%), meio ambiente (60,6%) e espiritualidade (83,3%). Verificou-se associação significativa entre o grau de escolaridade e os domínios de independência (p < 0,001), relações sociais (p = 0,001) e meio ambiente (p = 0,002). Conclui-se que existem melhores índices de QV nos domínios de independência, relações sociais e meio ambiente em indivíduos com maior grau de escolaridade.

The level of education can influence the quality of life of a population. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the correlation between the quality of life (QoL) and the educational level of the population of Maringá, PR. This is a population-based, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 1237 adults (18 years and over), of both sexes, residing in the municipality. Instruments were applied to obtain data on the sociodemographic profile and the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-squared test (X2), with a significance of p < 0.05. There was a prevalence of individuals with a good/very good level of QoL in the psychology (62.4%), level of independence (84.9%), social relationships (77.2%), environment (60.6%), and spirituality (83.3%) domains. There was a significant association between the level of education and the domains of independence (p < 0.001), social relationships (p = 0.001), and environment (p = 0.002). It is concluded that there are better QoL indices in the domains of independence, social relationships, and environment in individuals with a higher level of education.

Psychometric properties of the Purpose in Life Scale in Brazilian older adults / Propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Propósito de Vida entre idosos brasileiros

Objective: This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Purpose in Life Scale in a sample of Brazilian older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study applied the scale to 309 older adults (mean age = 69.33 ± 7.47 years) residing in the city of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. Data analysis was conducted through confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and factor invariance (p < 0.05). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that items 2, 3, 5, 6, and 9 had a factor loading below 0.50 and should be excluded. The 1-factor model with 5 items showed acceptable reliability. Multigroup analysis revealed that the configurational, metric, and structural invariance of the 1-factor model with 5 items was acceptable for both men and women. Conclusion: Although the Brazilian version of Purpose in Life Scale presented acceptable psychometric properties in a reduced model with 5 items, there were limitations that should be explored in the future.

Objetivo: Este estudo investigou as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Propósito de Vida em idosos brasileiros. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado com 309 idosos (média de idade = 69,33 ± 7,47 anos) residentes na cidade de Maringá, estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foi utilizada a Escala de Propósito de Vida. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de análise fatorial confirmatória (CFA), alfa de Cronbach, confiabilidade composta e invariância fatorial (p < 0,05). Resultados: O CFA revelou que os itens 2, 3, 5, 6 e 9 apresentaram carga fatorial abaixo de 0,50 e devem ser excluídos. O modelo de um fator com cinco itens apresentou ajuste aceitável. A análise multigrupo revelou que a invariância configuracional, métrica e estrutural do modelo de um fator com cinco itens era aceitável para homens e mulheres. Conclusão: A versão brasileira da Escala de Propósito de Vida apresentou propriedades psicométricas aceitáveis em um modelo reduzido, com cinco itens; no entanto, mostrou limitações que devem ser exploradas no futuro. Palavras-chave: envelhecimento; qualidade de vi

Fatores associados ao estado nutricional de idosos da atenção primária à saúde do município de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil / Factors associated with the nutritional status of the elderly in primary health care at the city of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

Resumo Introdução o estado nutricional e seus fatores associados assume uma importante função na saúde dos idosos. Objetivo Identificar os fatores associados ao estado nutricional dos idosos da atenção primária à saúde da cidade de Maringá, Paraná. Método Estudo transversal, do qual fizeram parte 654 idosos usuários das Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Como instrumentos foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico, o Mini Nutritional Assessment, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. A análise de dados foi conduzida por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, "U" de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado e regressão logística binária (p < 0,05). Resultados Os resultados evidenciaram maior proporção de idosos com percepção de saúde boa, que tomam menos medicamentos, não tiveram quedas e com nível muito ativo/ativo com o estado nutricional normal. Verificou-se que idosos com estado nutricional normal apresentaram maior circunferência de panturrilha (p = 0,01). Destaca-se que idosos com melhor percepção de saúde, maior nível de atividade física e circunferência de panturrilha, nível mais alto de escolaridade e renda mensal de 2,1 a 3 salários mínimos têm mais chances de apresentar estado nutricional normal. Conclusão Concluiu-se que o estado nutricional normal em idosos está associado ao maior nível de escolaridade, maior poder aquisitivo, melhor percepção de saúde e à prática regular de atividade física.

Abstract Background nutritional status and its associated factors play an important role in the health of the elderly. Objective To identify the factors associated with the nutritional status of the elderly in primary health care at the city of Maringá, Paraná. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out with 654 Basic Health Units' elderly patients. The research instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini Nutritional Assessment, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square and Binary Logistic Regression tests (p <0.05). Results The results showed a higher proportion of elderly patients with good health perception, who took less medication, had no falls, and had a high/average activity level with normal nutritional status. It was verified that the elderly with normal nutritional status presented a higher calf circumference (p = 0.01). It should be emphasized that older people with better health perception, higher level of physical activity and calf circumference, higher level of education and monthly income of 2.1 to 3 minimum wages are more likely to present normal nutritional status. Conclusion It was concluded that a normal nutritional status in the elderly population is associated with a higher educational level, greater purchasing power, better health perception and regular practice of physical activity.

Sintomas de ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia da COVID-19: um estudo comparativo em função da prática de exercício e qualidade da alimentação / Symptoms of anxiety and depression modulated by physical exercise and food consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: Comparar os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão de adultos brasileiros durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em função da prática de exercício e qualidade da alimentação. Método: Pesquisa transversal e observacional, realizada com 1.118 adultos (18 a 59 anos) de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Foram utilizados um questionário com questões sociodemográficas, de prática de exercício físico, alimentação e isolamento social durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Foi utilizada também a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD). Resultados: A análise de dados foi realizada por meio do teste Koolmogorov-Smirnov, teste de homogeneidade das variâncias de Levene e teste t independente (p<0,05). Os indivíduos que reportaram que não praticavam exercício físico antes do isolamento social apresentaram maiores escores tanto de ansiedade quanto de depressão (p= 0,001). Já os indivíduos que reportaram estar praticando exercício durante o isolamento social apresentam menores escores tanto de ansiedade quanto de depressão (p= 0,001). Os indivíduos que reportaram estar ingerindo maior quantidade e pior qualidade de alimentos durante o isolamento, apresentam maiores escores em ambas as variáveis. Conclusão: A prática de exercício físico e a qualidade da alimentação demonstraram ser, possivelmente, fatores intervenientes nos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão antes e durante o período de isolamento social provocado pela pandemia da COVID-19.

Objective: Falls This study aimed to compare the symptoms of anxiety and depression in Brazilian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic as a function of exercise practice and food quality. Methods: Cross-sectional and observational research, carried out with 1,118 adults (18 to 59 years old) from different regions of Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic, physical exercise, nutrition and social isolation issues during the COVID-19 pandemic was used. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was also used. Results: Data analysis was performed using the Koolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene's homogeneity of variance test and independent t test (p<0.05). Individuals who reported that they did not practice physical exercise before social isolation had higher scores for both anxiety and depression (p= 0.001). On the other hand, individuals who reported that they were exercising during social isolation had lower scores for both anxiety and depression (p= 0.001). Individuals who reported eating a greater quantity and poorer quality of food during isolation had higher scores in both variables. Conclusion: It is concluded that the practice of physical exercise and the quality of food proved to be possibly intervening factors in the symptoms of anxiety and depression before and during the period of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde intervenientes na funcionalidade e atividade física de idosos / Sociodemographic and health factors interfering with functionality and physical activity of the elderly

O presente estudo transversal teve como objetivo identificar os fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde intervenientes na funcionalidade e atividade física de 654 idosos usuários das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. Utilizou-se questionário de perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde, o International Physical Activity Questionnaire, e o WHODAS 2.0. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio do teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis e "U" de Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). As mulheres realizam mais atividades moderadas por dia (p=0,039) e por semana (p=0,048). Os homens possuem menos dificuldades de compreensão e comunicação (p=0,011), mobilidade (p=0,001), atividades da vida diária (p=0,004), participação social (p=0,023) e melhor funcionalidade total (p= 0,001). Idosos de 70 a 79 anos apresentam melhor funcionalidade do que os mais jovens e os com 80 anos ou mais (p=0,032). Sexo, faixa etária e histórico de quedas são intervenientes na duração e frequência da prática de atividade física dos idosos e em sua funcionalidade.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the sociodemographic and health factors involved in functionality and physical activity of 654 elderly users of Basic Health Units in Maringá, state of Paraná, Brazil. The sociodemographic and health profile questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the WHODAS 2.0 were used. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (p<0.05). Women perform more moderate activities per day (p=0.039) and per week (p= 0.048). Men have less understanding and communication difficulties (p=0.011), mobility (p=0.001), activities of daily living (p=0.004), social participation (p=0.023) and better overall functionality (p=0.001). Elderly from 70 to 79 years old have better functionality than younger and those aged 80 or over (p=0.032). Gender, age group and history of falls are interfering with the duration and frequency of physical activity, as well as their functionality.

Conhecimento de estudantes de educação física a respeito da anatomia do aparelho locomotor / Knowledge of students of physical education in respect of the anatomy of the locomotive apparatus

O conhecimento sobre a anatomia do aparelho locomotor é de suma importância para o profissional de Educação Física, uma vez que este intervém em ações de prevenção, promoção e reabilitação da saúde por meio do movimento humano. Diante disso, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar o conhecimento de 172 estudantes de bacharelado em Educação Física sobre anatomia humana do aparelho locomotor (AHAL). Para coleta dos dados, foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico e 45 questões fechadas a respeito do sistema esquelético (SE), articular (SA) e muscular (SM). As informações foram analisadas com base na estatística descritiva (%), e utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e correlação de Spearman (p < 0,05) para comparar o índice de conhecimento encontrado com as variáveis sociais e acadêmicas da amostra. Percebe-se que o nível de conhecimento em AH do aparelho locomotor da maioria dos alunos é insatisfatório, sendo maior no sexo masculino (sistema esquelético), nos indivíduos mais velhos (sistema muscular) e naqueles que não ficaram de exame na disciplina de AH. O resultado indica a necessidade de as instituições de ensino superior repensarem as estratégias metodológicas em prol do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Conclui-se que o nível de conhecimento em AHAL da maioria dos alunos é insuficiente, sinalizando a carência de metodologias que procurem articular os conhecimentos com o cotidiano profissional por meio de práticas aplicadas e situações-problemas.

Knowledge on the locomotive apparatus is crucial for professionals of Physical Education since it intervenes in all activities on the prevention, promotion and health rehabilitation by human movement. Current research analyzes undergraduate students in the course of Physical Education on the human anatomy of the locomotive apparatus (HALA). Sample comprised 172 students and data were retrieved by a sociodemographic questionnaire and by 45 closed questioned on the skeleton (SS), articular (AS) and muscular (MS). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (5), whilst Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman co-relation tests (p<0.05) were employed to compare knowledge scores with the sample´s social and academic variables. Data show that knowledge level on HALA of most students is unsatisfactory, but somewhat better with regard to males (SS), older students (MS) and students who had a direct pass in HA. The above demonstrates that higher education institutions should rethink their methodological strategies in the teaching and learning process. Results reveal that knowledge level on HALA by most students in insufficient and indicate the lack of methodologies that articulate knowledge with professional experience by applied practices and problem situations.

Factors associated with risk of sarcopenia in older adults / Fatores associados com o risco de sarcopenia em idosos

This study aimed to assess the factors associated with the risk of sarcopenia in older adults who attend social groups. This is a cross-sectional conducted with 207 older adults. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the SARC-f ques-tionnaire were used as instruments. Data analysis was carried out by using the chi-squared test and the Binary Logistic Regression (p < 0.05). The results showed a significant association of the risk of sarcopenia with the education level (p = 0,016). There was a significant difference among the groups in self-perceived health (p = 0.001), health perception compared to older adults of the same age (p = 0.001), amount of medications used (p = 0.001), history of falls (p = 0.001) and near-falls (p = 0.001). No significant difference was found in the risk of sarcopenia with level of physical activity. When comparing the ratios of diseases reported according to the risk of sarcopenia, there was a significant difference in heart disease (p = 0.001), systemic arterial hypertension (p = 0.001), stroke (p = 0.001), diabetes (p = 0.049), osteoarthritis (p = 0.001), lung disease (p = 0.034), depression (p = 0.001) and osteoporosis (p = 0.001). The logistic regression revealed that the older adults who had no history of falls and reported no heart disease, lung disease, depression or osteoporosis were more likely to have no risk of sarcopenia. Therefore, it was concluded that the education level and health conditions reported by the older adults can be considered as factors associated with the risk of sarcopenia. The level of physical activity is not a factor associated with the indication of sarcopenia

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores associados ao risco de sarcopenia em idosos que frequentam grupos sociais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 207 idosos. Utilizaram-se como instrumento os questionários sociodemográficos, o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) e o SARC-f. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo teste do qui-quadrado e pela regressão logística binária (p < 0,05). Os resultados mostraram associação significante do risco de sarcopenia com o nível de escolaridade (p = 0,016). Houve diferença significante entre os grupos com e sem risco de sarcopenia em relação à autopercepção de saúde (p = 0,001), percepção de saúde em comparação com idosos da mesma idade (p = 0,001), quantidade de medicamentos utilizados (p = 0,001), histórico de quedas (p = 0,001) e quase quedas (p = 0,001). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa do risco de sarcopenia com nível de atividade física. Ao comparar as proporções de doenças relatadas de acordo com o risco de sarcopenia, houve diferença significante entre cardio-patia (p = 0,001), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p = 0,001), acidente vascular cerebral (p = 0,001), diabetes ( p = 0,049), osteoartrite (p = 0,001), doença pulmonar (p = 0,034), depressão (p = 0,001) e osteoporose (p = 0,001). A regressão logística revelou que os idosos que não tinham histórico de quedas e não relataram cardiopatia, doença pulmonar, depressão ou osteoporose apresentaram maior probabilidade de não ter risco de sarcopenia. Concluiu-se que o nível de escolaridade e as condições de saúde relatadas pelos idosos podem ser considerados fatores associados ao risco de sarcopenia. O nível de atividade física não é um fator associado ao risco de sarcopenia