Anti-inflammatory effects of Weiyan I decoction against gastric ulcers in a rat model via inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling.

Gastric ulcer (GU) is a common gastrointestinal disease that can lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation and even cancer. Weiyan I Decoction (WYI) is an effective Chinese medicine prescription against GU. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic mechanism of WYI in GU. WYI constituents were analyzed via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. SD rats were divided into control, model, lansoprazole (30mg/kg), SB203580 (2mg/kg), WYI (10.8g/kg, 5.4g/kg and 2.7g/kg) groups. GU was induced using ethanol or indomethacin post-WYI pre-administration. Ulcer area, histopathology, serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), gastric tissue cytokines and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were evaluated. Gastric mucus content and pH were determined in the pylorus ligation rat model. Administration of WYI reduced ulcer areas and inflammatory infiltration, elevated serum PGE2 and reduced NO. It decreased gastric tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-6 levels and inhibited p38 and JNK phosphorylation. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced the ulcer area, gastric cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6), serum NO and elevating serum PGE2. WYI had no significant impact on gastric acid and mucus secretion. WYI demonstrated gastroprotective effects in GU through anti-inflammatory actions and p38 MAPK pathway inhibition, providing insights for innovative GU therapies.

Review of the environmental occurrence, analytical techniques, degradation and toxicity of TBBPA and its derivatives.

BFRs (brominated flame retardants) are a class of compounds that are added to or applied to polymeric materials to avoid or reduce the spread of fire. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the known BFR used many in industries today. Due to its wide application as an additive flame retardant in commodities, TBBPA has become a common indoor contaminant. Recent researches have raised concerns about the possible hazardous effect of exposure to TBBPA and its derivatives in humans and wildlife. This review gives a thorough assessment of the literature on TBBPA and its derivatives, as well as environmental levels and human exposure. Several analytical techniques/methods have been developed for sensitive and accurate analysis of TBBPA and its derivatives in different compartments. These chemicals have been detected in practically every environmental compartment globally, making them a ubiquitous pollutant. TBBPA may be subject to adsorption, biological degradation or photolysis, photolysis after being released into the environment. Treatment of TBBPA-containing waste, as well as manufacturing and usage regulations, can limit the release of these chemicals to the environment and the health hazards associated with its exposure. Several methods have been successfully employed for the treatment of TBBPA including but not limited to adsorption, ozonation, oxidation and anaerobic degradation. Previous studies have shown that TBBPA and its derivative cause a lot of toxic effects. Diet and dust ingestion and have been identified as the main routes of TBBPA exposure in the general population, according to human exposure studies. Toddlers are more vulnerable than adults to be exposed to indoor dust through inadvertent ingestion. Furthermore, TBBP-A exposure can occur during pregnancy and through breast milk. This review will go a long way in closing up the knowledge gap on the silent and over ignored deadly effects of TBBPA and its derivatives and their attendant consequences.

Antibacterial Performance of a Streptomyces spectabilis Strain Producing Metacycloprodigiosin.

After separation of bacterial colonies on solid plates, purification, and screening through the agar cup-plate method, an antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolate was obtained, and named strain L20190601, the 16S rRNA gene sequence data of strain L20190601 to GenBank, NCBI have provided GenBank accession number MW931615. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this isolate was highly similar to a number of Streptomyces species. Among them, the homology with S. spectabilis was the highest, reaching 99.9, together with curved hyphal morphology and biochemical tests, allowed us to identify strain L20190601 as S. spectabilis. The red pigment produced by S. spectabilis strain L20190601 was structurally identified. An acid-base color reaction assay showed that when this pigment was dissolved in a solution at pH 3.0 and 9.0, the color of the solution was red and yellow, respectively. In addition, the analysis of absorption spectra revealed that at pH 8.0 and 3.0, the maximum absorption peaks were at 466 and 531 nm, respectively. These results are consistent with the spectral absorption characteristics of metacycloprodigiosin reported in the literature. Moreover, the retention time of purified pigments was identical to those of standard metacycloprodigiosin solutions. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the red compound was 392.2 [M + H]+. Finally, metacycloprodigiosin was found to be effective against eight clinically common pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus typhi, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton rubrum. In summary, metacycloprodigiosin exhibited strong antibacterial activity and a broad antibacterial spectrum, and thus is a promising compound for the development of a new type of antibacterial drug.

Performance evaluation of the DAAN HCV assay for quantification of hepatitis C virus RNA and its comparison with COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV Quantitative Test, v2.0.

BACKGROUND: The Daan HCV RNA quantitative assay was a recently developed kit with high sensitivity for the detection of HCV RNA. We aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of the Daan HCV RNA quantitative assay and compare it with the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV Quantitative Test, v2.0. METHOD: WHO HCV RNA standard, NIBSC 06/102 standard, and CLSI EP documents were used to evaluate the precision, accuracy, linearity, anti-interference ability, and cross-reactivity of the Daan HCV RNA quantitative assay. Overall 198 clinical serum specimens were used to make comparison between the Daan HCV RNA quantitative assay and the Roche Cobas test. RESULTS: The within-run precision (Swithin ), and total precision (Stotal ) for 6.11 log IU/mL, 4.22 log IU/mL, and 2.32 log IU/mL HCV RNA were 0.13 and 0.15, 0.07 and 0.09, and 0.11 and 0.10, respectively. The linear range was 20-108  IU/mL, and the limit of detection was 15 IU/mL. It did not display any interference with commonly encountered conditions and cross-reactivity with some common virus. A good agreement was observed between the Daan HCV RNA quantitative assay and the Roche Cobas test. CONCLUSION: The Daan HCV RNA quantitative assay has shown satisfactory performances and excellent agreement with COBAS HCV Quantitative Test on clinical specimens with lower cost, which provides an alternative choice for the diagnosis and monitoring of HCV infection in developing countries.

Ultrathin gold film modified optical properties of excitons in monolayer MoS2.

Metal nanostructure plays an important role in tailoring the performance of various two-dimensional semiconductors. Herein, we theoretically study the optical properties of A, B and C excitons in monolayer MoS2 coated on ultrathin gold films less than 20 nm in thickness. We show that resonances of these three excitons occur at ∼660, ∼613 and ∼426 nm, respectively and each exciton maximizes absorption intensity at total reflection. However, because of the optical scattering effect induced by the ultrathin gold film, the maximum absorption of each exciton appears at the incident angle θm that is larger than its corresponding surface plasmon resonance angle θSPR. It is possible that due to the gradual approach between θm and θSPR, the maximum absorption intensity of the exciton gradually increases with thickening of the gold film. For external reflection, the C exciton maximizes absorption intensity around its corresponding quasi-Brewster's angle, whereas the incident angle, at which the A or B exciton gives the maximum absorption, gradually deviates from its corresponding quasi-Brewster's angle as the gold film thickness decreases. This discrepancy is explained by the dependencies of extinction coefficients of hybrid films on the excitonic resonance wavelength and gold film thickness.

Surgical resection and liposomal amphotericin B to treat cavitary pulmonary zygomycosis in a patient with diabetes.

We describe a 24-year-old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus and a cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe, caused by a zygomycete. Surgical resection plus liposomal amphotericin B therapy was successful. We discuss predisposing condition, clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary zygomycosis.

The validity of the subspecies, Teinopalpus aureus wuyiensis Lee, from complete mitochondrial genome.

The complete mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) was determined from the emerged-pupa shell (Noninvasive sampling) of T. aureus wuyiensis Lee. It was 15,234 base pairs in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. By taking Meandrusa sciron and Teinopalpus imperialis as outgroups, a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed among five geographical populations of Teinopalpus aureus based on 13 PCGs and two rRNA genes. Our results showed that the WYS, MHS and PS populations, locating at or closing to Wuyishan Mountain-range, were in one cluster; while the JLS (locating at Nanling Mountain-range) and DYS (locating at Dayaoshan Mountain closing to Nanling Mountain-range) populations belonged to another cluster. It supported well the subspecies of T. aureus wuyiensis, and suggested that the genetic relationship between T. a. guangxiensis and the nominal subspecies of T. a. aureus were closer enough to combine into one subspecies.

Effect of asiaticoside on hypertrophic scar in the rabbit ear model.

BACKGROUND: Previous observations suggested that asiaticoside had a possible antiscaring effect. However, the precise pathological mechanism still remain unknown. We questioned whether asiaticoside might alleviate the formation of hypertrophic scar by affecting the expression of Transform growth factor beta (TGF-beta)/Smad signaling. AIMS: To investigate the effect of asiaticoside on the expression of TGF-beta/Smad signaling in the rabbit ear model of hypertrophic scar and to clarify the mechanism of asiaticoside on the scar treatment. METHODS: The rabbit model with hypertrophic scar was created and applied topically with a low-dose (0.5%) or high-dose (1%) asiaticoside three times daily for 1, 2 or 3 months and then we examined the changes of macroscopic and histopathologic characteristics of scars, and the expression of TGF-beta(1) and Smad protein was studied by applying reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULT: Asiaticoside could remarkably alleviate the scar in the rabbit ear model. Western blotting showed that the asiaticoside could decrease TGF-beta(1) expression, and further study revealed that asiaticoside could remarkably enhance the expression of inhibitory Smad7, but it had no effect on the expression of Smad2. CONCLUSION: Asiaticoside suggested a possible antiscaring effect probably by enhancing the expression of inhibitive Smad7.

Long-term treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with PD123319 and electrophysiological remodeling of left ventricular myocardium.

To investigate the effects of PD123319, an antagonist of angiotensin II subtype-2 receptor (AT2R), on the electrophysiological characteristics of the left ventricular hypertrophic myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A total of twenty-four 10-week-old male SHR were divided into two groups: PD123319 and non-PD123319 groups (n = 12 in each). Twelve 10-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats served as the control group. Systolic blood pressure, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), ventricular effective refractory period, and ventricular fibrillation threshold were also measured after 8 weeks. I Na, I CaL, I to, and membrane capacitance were measured in the left ventricular myocytes after 8 weeks by whole-cell patch clamp. PD123319 increased LVMI compared with the non-PD123319 group (PD123319 vs. non-PD123319, 3.83 ± 0.11 vs. 3.60 ± 0.19 mg/g; P < 0.01). PD123319 also decreased the ventricular fibrillation threshold compared with the non-PD123319 group (PD123319 vs. non-PD123319, 14.75 ± 0.65 vs. 16.0 ± 0.86 mA; P < 0.01). PD123319 enhanced membrane capacitance compared with the non-PD123319 group (PD123319 vs. non-PD123319, 283.63 ± 5.80 vs. 276.50 ± 4.28 pF; P < 0.05). PD123319 increased the density of I CaL compared with the non-PD123319 group (PD123319 vs. non-PD123319, -6.76 ± 0.48 vs. -6.13 ± 0.30 pA/pF; P < 0.05). PD123319 decreased the density of I to compared with the non-PD123319 group (PD123319 vs. non-PD123319, 11.49 ± 0.50 vs. 12.23 ± 0.36 pA/pF; P < 0.05). Long-term treatment with PD123319 worsened the development of myocyte hypertrophy and associated electrophysiological alterations in spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Effect of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Combined with Argon-Helium Cryosurgery System on the Changes of NK Cells and T Cell Subsets in Peripheral Blood of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive tumors in humans. T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells are the body's first line of defense to prevent tumor cell growth. Previous studies have demonstrated that transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with argon-helium cryosurgery system (AHCS) can effectively treat liver cancer. However, the mechanism of the treatment is unclear yet. In the current study, we investigated the effects of TACE combined with AHCS on the changes of T cell subsets and NK cells in peripheral blood of HCC. Our data show that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in peripheral blood were significantly up-regulated in HCC patients before treatment when compared with healthy people and reduced after TACE combined with AHCS treatment (P < 0.01). In addition, we found that CD4+ cells and NK cells decreased (P < 0.05) and CD8+ cells increased (P < 0.05) in HCC patients when compared with healthy people. After treatment, the CD4+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and NK cells were dramatically increased in HCC patients (P < 0.05). In contrast, CD8+ cells were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). TACE combined with AHCS treatment significantly prolonged 1-year survival rate of HCC patients and did not show significant side effects. Taken together, our data indicate that TACE combined with AHCS treatment improves patients' immune system. It is a feasible and effective therapeutic method for HCC patients.

The ethanol extract of Osmanthus fragrans attenuates Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory effect through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-mediated antioxidant signalling pathway.

BACKGROUND: In the present study, we explored the effect of the ethanol extract of Osmanthus fragrans (EOF) on the growth and collagenase activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). We also investigated the capacity of EOF to attenuate P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and the possible signalling pathway. METHODS: EOF was obtained by soaking the O. fragrans powder in the ethanol and concentrating the extracts under reduced pressure. Microplate dilution assays were used to determine the effect of EOF on P. gingivalis growth. Collagenase inhibition was detected using fluorometric and colorimetric assays. The effects of EOF on the production of the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The oxidative stress biomarkers were assayed using commercial kits. The effects of EOF on the expression of cytoprotective enzymes and nucleoprotein nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) were tested by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: EOF significantly inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis, especially in the iron-limited culture medium. The inhibitory effect of EOF on P. gingivalis collagenase activity was time- and concentration-dependent. The P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8 was attenuated by EOF. LPS significantly induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) while pretreatment with EOF alleviated these effects. The presence of EOF markedly upregulated the expression levels of the cytoprotective enzymes and nucleoprotein Nrf2. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the potent Nrf2 activation capacity of O. fragrans may be useful in the adjunctive treatment of periodontal disease.

Characterization and rapid identification of chemical constituents of NaoXinTong capsules by UHPLC-linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometry.

The BuChang NaoXinTong (BNC) capsule is a well-known, traditional, prescribed Chinese medication for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the chemical profile of BNC has not been established. In the present study, ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap) has been developed for rapid and high-throughput screening of the preliminary chemical profile of BNC in both positive and negative ion modes. Twenty-five compounds were identified as the standard available compounds by comparing the retention time and high-resolution accurate mass. For the standard unavailable compounds, the structures were presumed based on high-accuracy protonated precursors and multi-stage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) using the proposed strategy. In particular, flavones, isoflavones, and tanshinones had the same skeleton. Therefore, the standards were utilized to characterize the fragment pathways and diagnostic fragment ions that could be applied for structural elucidation of their derivatives. Meanwhile, all the constituent groups of the compounds were detected in the individual herbs comprising BNC. Finally, a total of 178 components were identified or tentatively characterized in BNC, including 21 flavones and 6 flavone glycosides, 18 phenanthraquinones, and 22 terpenoids. The identification and structure elucidation of these chemicals provide essential data for further phytochemical studies, quality control, and pharmacological studies of BNC.

Valsartan improves the electrophysiological characteristics of left ventricular hypertrophic myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The objective was to investigate the effects of valsartan on the electrophysiological characteristics of left ventricular hypertrophic myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A total of 24 10-week-old male SHR were divided into two groups: valsartan and non-valsartan groups (n=12 in each). Twelve 10-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats were served as the control group. Kv4.2 expression was measured in left ventricular myocardium using western blots. In addition, the systolic blood pressure, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), ventricular effective refractory period and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were also measured after eight weeks. INa, ICaL, Ito and membrane capacitance were measured in left ventricular myocytes after 8 weeks by whole-cell patch clamp. Valsartan decreased LVMI compared with the non-Valsartan group (Valsartan vs. non-Valsartan: 3.2±0.03 mg g(-1) vs. 3.7±0.02 mg g(-1), P<0.01). Valsartan also enhanced the VFT compared with the non-Valsartan group (Valsartan vs. non-Valsartan: 18.6±0.3 mA vs. 15.4±0.4 mA, P<0.01). The expression of Kv4.2 was significantly lower in the non-Valsartan and Valsartan groups compared with the control group (P<0.01). The expression of Kv4.2 was significantly higher in the Valsartan group compared with the non-Valsartan group (P<0.01). Valsartan decreased the density of ICaL compared with non-Valsartan group (Valsartan vs. non-Valsartan: -5.5±0.6 pA/pF vs. -7.2±0.9 pA/pF, P<0.05). Valsartan improved the density of Ito compared with non-Valsartan group(Valsartan vs. non-Valsartan: 13.93±0.8 pA/pF vs. 11.22±1.0 pA/pF, P<0.05). Valsartan improves the electrophysiological characteristics of left ventricular hypertrophic myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Detention of HPV L1 Capsid Protein and hTERC Gene in Screening of Cervical Cancer.

OBJECTIVE(S): To investigate the expression of human papilloma virus (HPV) L1 capsid protein, and human telomerase RNA component (hTERC) in cervical cancer and the role of detection of both genes in screening of cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 309 patients were recruited and cervical exfoliated cells were collected. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect HPV L1 capsid protein, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to detect the hTERC. RESULTS: The expression of HPV L1 capsid protein reduced with the increase of the histological grade of cervical cells and was negatively related to the grade of cervical lesions. However, the expression of hTERC increased with the increase of the histological grade and positively associated with the grade of cervical lesions. The proportion of patients with L1(-)/hTERC(+) was higher in patients with histological grade of CIN2 or higher than that in those with histological grade of CIN1. The L1(+)/hTERC(-) and L1(-)/hTERC(-) were negatively related to the grade of cervical lesions. L1(-)/hTERC(+) was positively associated with the grade of cervical lesions. The L1/hTERC ratio increased. The negative predictive value of both HPV L1 and hTERC was higher than that of HPV L1 or hTERC, but there was no marked difference in the screening efficacy of cervical cancer among HPV L1, hTERC and HPV L1+hTERC. CONCLUSION: HPV L1 capsid protein and hTERC gene may serve as markers for the early diagnosis and prediction of cervical lesions. The increase in L1/hTERC ratio reflects the progression of cervical lesions to a certain extent.

The diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive case series. OBJECTIVE: To review and analyze clinical presentations and radiological imaging of 326 consecutive patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) from 2 institutions. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The clinical presentations of SDAVF are nonspecific. Patients may be initially diagnosed with other spinal diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reveal spinal cord changes associated with the disorder, but neurosurgeons often overlook these changes. METHODS: From 1989 to 2009, 326 patients were diagnosed with SDAVF and treated at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and the Xuanwu Hospital of the Capital University of Medical Sciences. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records and radiological images of all patients, and collected and analyzed the related data. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-two males and 44 females (male/female ratio 6.4:1; mean age, 53.9 yr; SD, 12.1) were included in the study. Fistulas were located at the T7 spinal segment (41, 12.6%), but were more typically found at T5 to L5 (273, 82.5%). The most common initial symptoms were lower extremity weakness (234, 71.8%), sensory disturbance (229, 70.2%), and sphincter disturbance (87, 26.7%). These percentages increased to, 85.6%, 80.8%, and 52.5%, respectively, until patients were properly diagnosed. The mean diagnostic time to SDAVF was 19.9 months (SD, 25.2). Two major changes noted on magnetic resonance images were intramedullary T2-weighted signal hyperintensity (284, 87.1%) and perimedullary dilated vessels (251, 77%). Fistulas were often located outside of the vertebral segments of T2-weighted signal change (P = 0.005). Magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography of 33 (71.7%) patients revealed perimedullary dilated vessels and precisely located fistulas in 19 (41.3%) patients. Magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography studies of the perimedullary vessels also led to identification of a second fistula through angiography. Degenerative disc disease and myelitis were the most common misdiagnoses, and the patients were often treated incorrectly. CONCLUSION: "Worsening" and "symptoms combination" are progression characteristics of SDAVF. Patients should undergo spinal magnetic resonance imaging when they are first suspected to have SDAVF. Magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography as noninvasive angiography are helpful for diagnosis.

Characterization of soil organic matter fractions from grassland and cultivated soils via C content and delta13C signature.

Variations in (13)C natural abundance and distribution of total C among five size and density fractions of soil organic matter, water soluble organic C (WSOC) and microbial biomass C (MBC) were investigated in the upper layer (0-20 cm) of a continuous grassland soil (CG, C(3) vegetation), a C(3)-humus soil converted to continuous maize cultivation (CM, C(4) vegetation) and a C(3)-humus soil converted to a rotation of maize cultivation and grassland (R). The amounts of WSOC and MBC were both significantly larger in the CG than in the CM and the R. In the three soils, WSOC was depleted while MBC was enriched in (13)C as compared with whole soil C. The relative contributions to the total C content of C stored in the macro-organic matter and in the size fraction 50-150 microm decreased with decreasing total C contents in the order CG > R > CM, while the relative contribution of C associated with the clay- and silt-sized fraction <50 microm increased. This reflects a greater stability and physical protection against microbial degradation associated with soil disruption (tillage) of the clay- and silt-associated organic C, in relation to the organic C in larger size fractions. The size and density fractions from the CG soil showed significant differences in (13)C enrichment, indicating different degrees of microbial degradation and stability of soil organic C associated with physically different soil organic matter (SOM) fractions. Delta(13)C analysis of the size and density fractions from CM and R soils reflected a decreasing turnover rate of soil organic C with increasing density among the macro-organic matter fractions and with decreasing particle size.

Biopurification of industrial waste gas from rubber regeneration.

By using the biopurifying technology, the organic waste gas in low concentrations emitted from the rubber-regeneration process was purified in this research. The result of the 100-day continuous running test of the industrial test device indicated that the purification efficiency of toluene in the rubber-regeneration waste gas could be maintained at about 90% for a long period of time and the treated waste gas could meet the China National Emission Standard. The cost of waste gas biotreatment was about 0.12-0.14% of rubber-regeneration production value of the factory. The biopurifying technology of waste gas displayed its excellent technical advancement and economic rationale. The following industrialized device was run continuously and passed the examination and acceptance by the local EPA.