RESUMO
The black yeast-like fungus Arthrocladium fulminans is known from strains that cause severe and eventually fatal disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. Given the dramatic outcome of this clinical case, it is essential to understand the virulence potential of this species. The fungus is a member of the family Trichomeriaceae, at some phylogenetic distance from the Herpotrichiellaceae where most infectious fungi in the order Chaetothyriales are located. Main ecological preferences among Trichomeriaceae include colonization of exposed inert surfaces. Currently, black yeasts genomes that are available in public databases cover members of the families Herpotrichiellaceae and Cyphellophoraceae In the present report, we sequenced the genome of the first member and only clinical representative of the family Trichomeriaceae.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Ascomicetos/genética , Humanos , FilogeniaRESUMO
The present study assessed the diversity of black yeast-like fungi present on babassu coconut shells, a substrate rich in lipids and several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including aromatic hydrocarbons. Using different isolation methods, one-hundred-six isolates were obtained and were identified by ITS sequencing as members of the genera Exophiala, Cladophialophora, Veronaea, and Rhinocladiella. Two novel species were discovered. Eight strains were selected for assessing their ability to grow on toluene and phenyl acetate as the sole carbon and energy source. All strains tested were able to assimilate phenyl acetate, while two out of eight were able to use toluene. VOCs profiling in babassu samples was also investigated by GC-ToF MS, revealing that a complex mixture of VOCs was emitted, which included alkylbenzenes such as toluene. Assimilation of alkylbenzenes by the black yeasts might therefore be the result of evolutionary adaptation to symbiotic interactions with higher plants. The potential relationship between lipid/aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism and pathogenicity is also discussed.
Assuntos
Cocos/microbiologia , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Composição de Bases , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Ésteres/análise , Fungos/metabolismo , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análiseRESUMO
Bacillus cereusis an ubiquitous, spore-forming bacteria that can survive pasteurization and the majority of the heating processes used in the dairy industry. Besides, it is a pathogen responsible for different types of food poisoning. One type of foodborne disease caused by B.cereusis the diarrheal syndrome, which is caused by the ingestion of vegetative cells producing toxins in the small intestine. One virulence factor for the diarrheal syndrome is the toxin hemolysin BL (HBL), a three-component protein formed by the L1, L2 and B components. In order to evaluate the presence of diarrheal strains isolated from milk and dairy products, 63 B. cereus isolates were obtained from 260 samples of UHT milk, pasteurized milk and powdered milk, sold in commercial establishments and from different brands. The isolates were subjected to the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection of the encoding genes for the L1, L2 and B components and the toxin production capacity were evaluated with an immunoassay. A total of 23 [36.5%] isolates were identified carrying simultaneously the three tested genes, from which, 20 [86.9%] showed toxigenic capacity. 26 [41.3%] isolates did not carry any of genes tested and the other 14 [22.2%] were positive for one or two of them. The results showed a high toxigenic capacity among the B. cereus isolates able to produce the HBL, indicating a potential risk for consumers.
Assuntos
Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Bactérias/análise , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Laticínios/microbiologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/análise , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Leite/microbiologia , Animais , Bacillus cereus/genética , Brasil , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Imunoensaio , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Bacillus cereusis an ubiquitous, spore-forming bacteria that can survive pasteurization and the majority of the heating processes used in the dairy industry. Besides, it is a pathogen responsible for different types of food poisoning. One type of foodborne disease caused by B.cereusis the diarrheal syndrome, which is caused by the ingestion of vegetative cells producing toxins in the small intestine. One virulence factor for the diarrheal syndrome is the toxin hemolysin BL (HBL), a three-component protein formed by the L1, L2 and B components. In order to evaluate the presence of diarrheal strains isolated from milk and dairy products, 63 B. cereus isolates were obtained from 260 samples of UHT milk, pasteurized milk and powdered milk, sold in commercial establishments and from different brands. The isolates were subjected to the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection of the encoding genes for the L1, L2 and B components and the toxin production capacity were evaluated with an immunoassay. A total of 23 [36.5%] isolates were identified carrying simultaneously the three tested genes, from which, 20 [86.9%] showed toxigenic capacity. 26 [41.3%] isolates did not carry any of genes tested and the other 14 [22.2%] were positive for one or two of them. The results showed a high toxigenic capacity among the B. cereus isolates able to produce the HBL, indicating a potential risk for consumers.