[The effect of antioxidants on the balance of proteinase-inhibitors system in the respiratory space of mice with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Vliianie antioksidantov na balans sistemy proteinazy-ingibitory v respiratornom prostranstve myshei s tuberkuleznym porazheniem legkikh.

In three series of experiments generalized form of tuberculosis was simulated in 427 mice of CBA strain. After dissection of chest bronchoalveolar lavage was carried out and in the fluid obtained total content of protein, elastase-like and antitryptic activities were estimated. At the severe stage of the disease content of protein was increased 7-fold, antitryptic activity--5-fold and elastase-like activity--10-fold in the lavage. EDTA did not inhibit the elastase-like activity, i.e. the enzyme was derived only from neutrophils. All the patterns studied were unaltered after the animal treatment with alpha-tocopherol at a dose of 100 mg/kg (per os) within one or three weeks. In vitro incubation of preparations in presence of ascorbic acid at the final concentration of 0.01 M within 1 hr at 37 degrees caused a considerable (4-6-fold) activation of the antitryptic activity simultaneously with a distinct decrease in the elastase-like activity down to physiological values. The data obtained suggest that inactivation of the reactive centre of antiproteinases by means of products of free-radical oxidation appears to be mainly responsible for disbalance of proteinases-inhibitors in tuberculosis.

[Level and ratio of prostaglandins group E and F2(alpha) in bronchoalveolar washes in pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. / Soderzhanie i sootnosheniia prostaglandinov grupp E i F2(alpha) v bronkhoal'veoliarnykh smyvakh u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

Content of prostaglandins PGE and PGF2 alpha was studied by means of radioimmunoassay; their ratio was calculated in bronchoalveolar lavages obtained from impaired lung and from contralateral, intact lung of 86 patients with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Concentration of prostaglandins was calculated per 1 mg of protein in lavage to standardize the data obtained. In the patients with tuberculosis production of PGE was increased in both lungs. However, the prostaglandin content was distinctly higher in the impaired lung but approximately similar in various forms of the disease. Hyperproduction of PGF2 alpha occurred in the impaired lung and depended on the type of the process. Content of PGF2 alpha was maximal in complicated destructive forms of tuberculosis. Bronchial muscle tension depended on the ratio of both groups of prostaglandins in bronchoalveolar space. Bronchial obstruction was accompanied by a decrease of PGE content in intact lung and by high concentration of PGF2 alpha near the tuberculosis focus.

[The use of prostaglandin E2 (prostenon) in broncho-obstructive syndrome of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Primenenie prostaglandina E2 (prostanona) pri bronkhoobstruktivnom sindrome u bol'nykh tuberkulezom lëgkikh.

PGE and PGF2 alpha were measured by radioimmunoassay in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from the affected and contralateral lung of 86 patients with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. The findings were correlated with parameters of external respiration. Bronchial obstruction (BO) was found to entail lower values of PGE in the intact lung though higher PGE2 alpha levels near the focus. To normalize the proportion PGE/PGF2 alpha in the respiratory tracts, 24 tuberculous patients with BO received adjuvant ultrasound inhalations of PGE2 (prostenon). The course of 10 daily procedures produced positive shifts in bronchial patency in 3/4 of the patients. This positive trend was still demonstrable two months later. Prostenon anti-BO effect proved the highest in new-onset tuberculosis, in tuberculosis-induced intoxication and in moderate BO.

[Prostaglandin levels in the lung tissue of guinea pigs with tuberculosis treated with antitubercular drugs and indomethacin]. / Soderzhanie prostaglandinov v legochnoi tkani u zarazhennykh tuberkulezom morskikh svinok pri lechenii khimiopreparatami i indometatsinom.

An experiment was carried out on 135 guinea-pigs (21 were used as controls and the rest subcutaneously infected with virulent M. tuberculosis culture. The latter were divided into 4 groups depending on the treatment regimen. The experiment was conducted for 3 months. The content of prostaglandins (PG) E and F2 alpha in the lung tissue was measured by radio-immunoassay. It was found that a spontaneous development of tuberculosis in the guinea-pigs was accompanied by phasic changes of PG. The period of a relative resistance was followed by an initial short-term drop or PGF2 alpha and a subsequent decrease of PGE/PGF2 alpha. During a swift progression of inflammatory and necrotic changes there was a congruous growth of both types of PG, with PGF in abundance. In the preterminal period of the disease, an irrepressible PGE growth was observed. With chemotherapy, the PG content in the lung tissue was normalized not later than in a month. Indomethacin++ used at the beginning of infection before chemotherapy has a persisting aftereffect as a consecutive drop of PGE and PGE/PGF2 alpha at first and PGF2 alpha later on. The administration of indometacin concurrently with chemotherapeutic drugs produced a similar, but less marked effect. The prescription of indometacin both at early stages and simultaneously with chemotherapy could improve a morphologic outcome of the disease, stimulating proliferative reactions of the lymphoid system, as well as resolution and repair processes.

[Metabolism of prostaglandins in the lungs of patients with various forms of tuberculosis]. / Osobennosti metabolizma prostaglandinov v lëgkikh pri raznykh variantakh techeniia protsessa u bolnykh tuberkulëzom.

PgE and F2 alpha were measured and correlated with the use of radioimmunoassay in bronchoalveolar lavage from the affected and contralateral lungs of 86 tuberculous patients different by the disease form. PG concentrations were estimated per 1 mg of the protein. It is shown that a primary response to appearance of a tuberculous focus is a universal elevation of PgE levels in the whole respiratory area, definitely seen in new-onset cases. With the disease progress, the response is fading, and PgE is high in the inflammation site only. High PgF2 alpha is not specific for tuberculosis only and emerges by the focus in exudative inflammation and destruction. Excessive production of PgF2 alpha in the zone of the specific changes against inhibition of PgE synthesis throughout the respiratory organs participate in the formation of bronchial obstruction in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

[Mechanisms of development of antiproteolytic deficiency in tuberculosis and in nonspecific lung diseases]. / Mekhanizmy razvitiia antiproteoliticheskoi nedostatochnosti pri tuberkuleze i nespetsificheskikh zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

In the course of 3 series of experiments on CBA mice intravenously infected with tuberculosis and the use of bronchoalveolar washings (BAW) as a test material, it was revealed that the period of developed tuberculosis is accompanied by a simultaneous rise in antitryptic activity (ATA) and that of neutrophilic elastase (NE). The treatment of the affected animals with alpha-tocopherol, a liposoluble antioxidant, failed to prevent the loss of antielastase activity in pulmonary antiproteinases. In vitro incubation of BAW with 0.01M of ascorbic acid water-soluble antioxidant completely recovered the antielastase activity in pulmonary antiproteinases and provided a three-fold increase of their ATA. As a result of clinical experience gained in the management of 30 patients with different types of chronic pulmonary pathology, ATA, NE and NE complexes with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor were defined both in blood serum and in BAW. Concentration of these complexes and the NE indices in BAW were seen to be directly related to the content of neutrophils. In blood serum, a direct correlation of the above complexes with NE and a reverse one with ATA were traced. It is concluded that in the development of antiproteolytic deficiency in patients with tuberculosis and other types of chronic pulmonary pathology, an oxidizing inactivation of antiproteinases and their consumption during conjugation with the surplus of proteolytic enzymes have an important role to play.

[Effectiveness of using external laser irradiation in the complex treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with concomitant bronchial obstruction syndrome]. / Effektivnost' primeneniia naruzhnogo lazernogo oblucheniia v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh s soputstvu- iushchim bronkhoobstruktivnym sindromom.

External laser radiation (ELP) (18-20 daily procedures) was used together with chemotherapy in the combined treatment of 53 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis characterized by delayed dynamics of the process and concurrent obstructive bronchial syndrome. ELR promoted acceleration of the process dynamics, closure of disintegration cavities and alleviation of bronchial obstruction phenomena. The mechanisms of a favourable ELR action were essentially due to the reduction of basal oxidative metabolism and enhancement of defensive reaction during contact with a specific pathogen in phagocytes, which was confirmed by the recorded results of the spontaneous and stimulated by the killed BCG culture NST rest in peripheral neutrophils and monocytes.

[Evaluation of the functional activity of alveolar macrophages based on the results of a study of blood cells]. / Otsenka funktsional'naia aktivnosti al'veoliarnykh makrofagov po rezul'tatam issledovaniia kletok krovi.

NBT test basal values and those after cell stimulation with killed BCG culture were measured by spectrophotometry in alveolar macrophages isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, in peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes of 49 patients with newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis. Stimulation coefficient was estimated as the ratio of induced to spontaneous NBT-test values. The findings evidence that spontaneous NBT-test values are regularly growing in all three cell types, and the stimulation coefficients lowers as the process grows in severity at the expense of pulmonary tissue disintegration and bronchial obstruction; these parameters adequately reflect the status of the body specific reactivity. Significant correlations were revealed between spontaneous NBT-test parameters in all 3 cell types and their stimulation coefficients. This permits a conclusion that spontaneous and induced NBT-test of the peripheral blood cells may help assess alveolar macrophage function.