RESUMO
Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is characterized by lentiginous hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa and lips. In addition, longitudinal melanonychia and palmoplantar hyperpigmented lesions may occur. LHS is a clinical diagnosis of exclusion. Herein, we report the case of a 66-year-old woman with LHS. The clinical and histopathologic features of LHS are presented and important differential diagnoses are discussed.
Assuntos
Hiperpigmentação , Doenças Labiais , Doenças da Unha , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperpigmentação/diagnóstico , Hiperpigmentação/patologia , Doenças Labiais/diagnóstico , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Doenças da Unha/diagnóstico , Doenças da Unha/patologia , SíndromeRESUMO
The prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is the only clinically validated marker for therapeutic decisions in prostate cancer (PC). Characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) obtained from the peripheral blood of PC patients might provide an alternative to tissue biopsies called "liquid biopsy". The aim of this study was to develop a reliable assay for the determination of PSMA on CTCs. PSMA expression was analyzed on tissue samples (cohort one, n = 75) and CTCs from metastatic PC patients (cohort two, n = 29). Specific signals for the expression of PSMA could be seen for different prostate cancer cell line cells (PC3, LaPC4, 22Rv1, and LNCaP) by Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and FACS. PSMA expression was found to be significantly increased in patients with higher Gleason grade (p = 0.0011) and metastases in lymph nodes (p = 0.0000085) or bone (p = 0.0020) (cohort one). In cohort two, CTCs were detectable in 20 out of 29 samples (69 %, range from 1 - 1000 cells). Twelve out of 20 CTC-positive patients showed PSMA-positive CTCs (67 %, score 1+ to 3+). We found intra-patient heterogeneity regarding the PSMA status between CTCs and the corresponding primary tumors. The results of our study could help to address the question whether treatment decisions based on CTC PSMA profiling will lead to a measurable benefit in clinical outcome for prostate cancer patients in the near future.