[Pathogenetic aspects of early stages of hypertension and possibilities of non-drug treatment]. / Patogeneticheskie osobennosti nachal'nykh stadii gipertonicheskoi bolezni i vozmozhnosti nelekarstvennoi terapii.

A comprehensive study of young patients with early hypertensive disease (HD) has revealed their constitutional personality traits which result at long-term traumatization (in addition to exogenous stresses, there is an intrapersonal conflict) in the autonomic nervous disintegration syndrome, lowered parasympathetic effects in the presence of hypersympathicotonia. There is markedly impaired secretion in the dopaminergic link of the sympathoadrenal system along with a steady-state increase in norepinephrine:dopamine ratio, which may be regarded as a possible marker (a risk factor) of HD progression. The decreased secretion of the antistressors dopamine and beta-endorphin can also make a contribution to the progression of HD and its evolution.

[Effect of adaptation to stress exposures on the cholino- and adrenoreactivity of the atria and their content of acetylcholine in rats with myocardial infarct]. / Vliianie adaptatsii k stressovym vozdeistviiam na kholino- i adrenoreaktivnost' predserdii i soderzhanie v nikh atsetilkholina u krys pri infarkte miokarda.

The effect of left-ventricular myocardial infarction (MI) on cholino- and adrenoreactivity of an isolated right atrium and acetylcholine (AC) content of both atria was evaluated experimentally in Wistar rats, adapted or unadapted (control) to stress. In the control sample, 24-hour-long MI increased the chronotropic response to AC, while atrial endogenic AC dropped fourfold. Those changes were accompanied by no marked changes in pacemaker adrenoreactivity. Adaptation to stress reduced pacemaker choline reactivity without any significant effect on pacemaker adrenoreactivity or atrial AC. At the same time, adaptation largely prevented MI-induced increase in pacemaker choline reactivity and atrial AC drop. Increased pacemaker choline reactivity, seen in MI, enhances pacemaker sensitivity to cognition of ectopic excitation foci and, hence, cholinergic effects, that may promote the emergence of arrhythmia. Therefore, pacemaker resistance to cholinergic action, increasing in the course of adaptation, may be an important element of the protective antiarrhythmic effect of adaptation to stress in MI.

[Effect of myocardial ischemia on prostacyclin and thromboxane levels in arterial and coronary venous blood]. / Vliianie ishemii miokarda na soderzhanie prostatsiklina i tromboksana v arterial'noi i koronarnoi venoznoi krovi.

Variations in arterial and venous blood prostacyclin and thromboxane were examined in 32 patients with coronary heart disease, neurocirculatory dystonia and the cardialgic syndrome, exposed to cardioselective stress as a result of the atrial stimulation test. Prostacyclin and thromboxane measurement in blood specimens obtained from the left ventricle and the coronary venous network may provide additional markers of myocardial ischemia in cases where diagnosis is otherwise difficult to make.

[Clinico-neurohumoral interrelationships in neuroses]. / Kliniko-neirogumoral'nye vzaimootnosheniia pri nevrozakh.

The paper is related to studies of the sympathico-adrenal activity, hypophysisadrenal and entero-chromaphine systems in patients with hysterical and phobic neuroses. They detected certain regularities in the initial activities of these systems as well as of their reactivity depending upon the character of the functional symptom, psychological personality traits and cerebral dysfunctions.

[Features of the functioning of the catecholamine and adrenocortical systems of patients with depression and different degrees of emotional tension]. / Osobennosti funktsionirovaniia katekholaminovoi i adrenokortikal'noi sistem u bol'nykh depressiei s razlichnoi sistem u bol'nykh depressiei s razlichnoi vyrazhennost'iu émotsional'nogo napriazheniia.

The catecholamine and adrenocortical systems in 52 patients with depression were studied with regard to the degree of their emotional tension. On the basis of the clinical characteristics of the depressive syndrome the patients were divided into two groups: the stressory hyperergic type (Group 1) and the torpid hypoergic type (Group 2). Some characteristics of the studied systems proved common for both groups: they increased secretion of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids and impairment of the mechanisms of negative feedback in the regulation of adrenocortical activity, as well as a decrease in the excretion of dopamine, adrenaline, and DOPA in the presence of a relative acceleration of catecholamine inactivation. Along with the characteristics common for all the patients studied, the authors revealed a highly significant difference in noradrenaline excretion between Groups 1 and 2: it was normal in Group 1 and decreased three-fold in Group 2. The findings obtained are discussed in the light of the catecholamine hypothesis of depression development.

[Role of carbon dioxide in the maintenance of positive changes in myocardial metabolism and the mechanisms of cardiac regulation after physical exercise training]. / Znachenie dvuokisi ugleroda v sokhranenii polozhitel'nykh izmenenii metabolizma miokarda i mekhanizmov reguliatsii serdtsa posle trenirovki fizicheskim napriazheniem.

Four-percent carbon dioxide added to the gaseous medium during swimming exercise under normoxia increased animals' working capacity, myocardial contractility, the stability of myocardial acetylcholine store and cardiac choline reactivity, and contributed to post-exercise retention of those changes. Three months' training under the same conditions caused no further increment in adaptation parameters, while potentialities of the parasympathetic regulation mechanism even declined, and the acquired changes were promptly lost upon discontinuation of exercise. Mechanisms of action and significance of carbon dioxide in the formation of adaptation and after-effect circulatory stability are discussed.

[Role of prolactin in disorders of water and salt metabolism in patients with hypertension]. / Rol' prolaktina v narusheniiakh vodno-solevogo obmena u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

The relationship between water-salt balance and blood prolactin (Prl) level was examined in 22 male patients with essential hypertension, stages IB-IIA. Blood Prl and urinary potassium and sodium excretion were measured initially, using the parlodel (2.5 mg) test, and the acute and chronic furosemide test. Water-salt status was found to be different in patients with baseline hyperprolactinemia who made 2/3 of the sample. Following parlodel administration, Prl level declined in all patients, with daily electrolyte excretion also decreasing in originally-hyperprolactinemic patients. The rise in electrolyte excretion following lasix administration was accompanied with a fall in Prl in hyperprolactinemic patients. Following the chronic furosemide test, all patients showed a tendency to Prl rise, while the hyperprolactinemic patients also exhibited sodium retention. Therefore, blood Prl decrease leads to sodium retention in hyperprolactinemic hypertensive patients that may have an adverse pathogenetic significance.

[Some characteristics of the state of the sympatho-adrenal system in various hemodynamic variants of hypertension]. / Nekotorye osobennosti sostoianiia simpatiko-adrenalovoi sistemy pri razlichnykh gemodinamicheskikh variantakh gipertonicheskoi bolezni

In 40 patients with umcomplicated hypertension their general haemodynamics was compared with the excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites. On the initial stage of the disease the hormonal link was found to prevail over the mediator one; the decreasing excretion of bound catecholamines after the administration of Isuprel indicates that a disbalance between the secretion and inactivation of catecholamines develops as early as on this stage of the disease. Later, in resistance hypertension the administration if Isuprel resulted in an increased excretion of free noradrenalin, which is interpreted as a sign of increased reactivity of this link; no such reaction is noted in ejection hypertension. A study of all these links of the sympathoadrenal system is important for the understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertension and for the choice of this therapy.

[Effect of a bicycle ergometer load on the state of the sympathetic-adrenal system and hemodynamic indices in highly trained athletes]. / Vliianie veloérgometricheskoi nagruzki na sostoianie simpatiko-adrenalovoi sistemy i pokazateli gemodinamiki u sportsmenov vysokoi kvalifikatsii.

The effect of the bicycle-ergometry load on the condition of the sympatheticoadrenal system, the values of cardio- and hemodynamics, and some biochemical indices of metabolism was studied in 36 athletes. Study of the activity of the sympatheticoadrenal system in a complex with the functional and biochemical values during bicyle-ergometry load made it possible to appraise the condition of the adaptive reactions of the athlete's organism during muscular activity and to diagnose in time and prevent a state of physical overstrain.

[Hormone and mediator content in the blood of the adrenals and in the peripheral blood in hypertension]. / Soderzhanie nekotorykh gormonov i mediatorov v krovi nadpochechnikov i v perifericheskoi krovi u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

The concentration of the fractions of corticosteroids, aldosterone, catecholamines, and cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) in blood of the adrenal veins and the activity of renin in blood of the renal veins were studied in 22 patients with stages IIA and IIB hypertensive disease. At the same time the content of these substances in the peripheral blood was determined and compared with the level of steroid and catecholamine excretion in the daily urine. An increase in the content of free 11 OCS and F fractions in the peripheral blood and blood of the adrenal veins was revealed in all patients examined.