[Glutathione reductase and glutathione S-aryltransferase in the rat liver depending upon the glutathione level]. / Aktivnost' glutationreduktazy i glutation-S-ariltransferazy v pecheni krys v zavisimosti ot soderzhaniia glutationa.

After a decrease of protein in rations of rats content of total glutathione was decreased in liver tissue, whereas the glutathione reductase activity was increased in liver cell cytosol. The glutathione reductase activation occurred due to an increase in the enzyme affinity to the substrate. In the rations containing 15%, 10% and 5% of protein the apparent Km values of the glutathione reductase reaction in liver cytosol constituted 91 microM, 74 microM and 50 microM, respectively. The glutathione-S-aryltransferase activity was decreased in liver tissue only under conditions of a distinct protein deficiency.

[Calculations of the chemical composition and energy value of diets in actual nutrition]. / O raschetakh khimicheskogo sostava i énergeticheskoi tsennosti ratsionov fakticheskogo pitaniia.

The principle of estimating the chemical composition and energy value of actual nutrition diets with the use of new tables on "Chemical Composition of Foodstuffs" has been presented.

[Analysis of actual consumption of food substances and energy in the USSR and Union Republics (data for 1987)]. / K analizu fakticheskogo potrebleniia pishchevykh veshchestv i énergii v SSSR i soiuznykh respublikakh (dannye za 1987 g.).

The analysis has been presented of the actual nutrition of the population of the USSR as a whole, and of all the Union Republics during 1985-1987. It has been found that the nutrition of the population in the country (on an average per capita) is imbalanced with respect to the main food substances. The food rations meet the requirements of the energy value, but do not provide physiological needs of the body in the chemical composition including the essential factors of nutrition. The main cause of such state is the irrational structure of nutrition. The analysis of the actual nutrition of the adult population capable for work has not revealed any specific disorders in the principles of the rational nutrition related to a certain group of work intensity. The nutrition deficiencies in separate occupational groups of subjects have reflected the general tendencies in the character of nutrition of the population in the country as a whole, as well as in the republic and region. Certain shortcomings of the actual nutrition common to varying occupational groups of the population have been established.

[Features of inter-organ glutathione metabolism in rats provided with different amounts of protein and methionine]. / Osobennosti mezhorgannogo metabolizma glutationa u krys pri razlichnoi obespechennosti belkom i metioninom.

The total glutathione content was studied in the liver, kidneys and erythrocytes of rats given semisynthetic rations containing protein with 5, 10 and 15% of calorific value, as well as protein with 18% of calorific value supplemented with 0.125-0.425% of L-methionine. The total glutathione content in the liver directly depended on the protein content in the ration, while that in the kidneys did not vary with the protein level. The glutathione concentration in erythrocytes was significantly reduced with the rise of the protein quota in the ration. The addition of L-methionine to the ration also produced a reverse effect on the glutathione content in the liver and erythrocytes. However, the growth of the glutathione concentration in the liver and its lowering in the erythrocytes were recorded only after the addition of 0.125 and 0.225% of methionine. The rise of the methionine added up to 0.325 and 0.425% produced no effect on the glutathione concentration in the liver and erythrocytes, at the same time the glutathione concentration and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in the kidneys rose. It has been concluded that the methionine level in the ration, at which the glutathione content in the liver and erythrocytes is stabilized, can serve as a criterion of an adequately balanced ration for animals (with respect to methionine) with the use of casein as a protein source.

[Experimental evaluation of therapeutic-prophylactic nutrition in exposure to acrylonitrile]. / K otsenke lechebno-profilakticheskogo pitaniia pri vozdeistvii nitrila akrilovoi kisloty v éksperimente.

The purpose of the work was to study the prophylactic effect of a synthetic complete ration with an addition of L-cysteine in doses of 300 and 150 mg/kg and also investigation of the protective action exerted by 3 rations with varying content of protein (10, 18 and 30 per cent) and calorific value with a repeated and chronic inhalation of AAN in concentrations of 20 +/- 5 and 9 +/- 2.8 mg/m3. The effectiveness of the food rations under study was evaluated basically according to metabolic criteria. The metabolic indices were found to be the most sensitive ones and changing early following the effect of AAN. For this reason they may serve as criteria for not only assessing the noxious action of the poison, but also in devising the type of the medico-prophylactic dietary.

[Principle of determining the human requirements for basic foodstuffs in relation to climatic conditions]. / Printsip opredeleneiia potrebnosti cheloveka v osnovnykh pishchevykh veshchestvakh v zavisimosti ot klimaticheskikh uslovii.

A nomographic method is described for determination of the mans requirements of proteins, fats and carbohydrates depending on the climatic factor and physical activity. The authors propose that the principle of the territorial division of the country into climatic zones be used for a differentiated study of the influence of climatic factors on the human body. A mathematical principle of the assessment of the man's requirement of the main foodstuffs has been developed, based on the physiological correlation of proteins, fats and carbohydrates according to to their calorific value (14:27:59). The method proposed allows the assessment of the requirement of food for a person, or different groups of the population with respect to their environment (climatic conditions) and physical activity.

[Nutritional status of native and non-native population of Russia's Extreme North and Far East]. / Fakticheskoe pitanie korennogo i nekorennogo naseleniia raionov Krainevo Severa i Dal'nevo Vostoka.

Daily diets studied in various groups of native and non-native population living in the Far North and East of Russia (Kamchatka, Chukotka, Sakhalin) are shown to be inadequate for the adult capable population. Chemical composition of food provides insufficient supply of vegetable oil, calcium, vitamins, magnesium.

[Structuring rational nutrition for the workers of the Baikal-Amur mainline route]. / Postroenie ratsional'nogo pitaniia rabotnikov trassy BAM.

The paper carries information on the requirement in calorific supply, basic nutritional and biologically active substances of some occupational groups of workers engaged in the construction of the railroad. Substantiation is given to the choice of average daily assortments of food products and an analysis of the actual nutritional pattern is presented.

[Effect of ascorbic acid and B group vitamins on the course of subacute acrylonitrile poisoning in rats]. / O vliianii askorbinovoi kisloty i nekotorykh vitaminov gruppy B na techenie podostroi intoksikatsii nitrilom akrilovoi kisloty u krys.

The effect of ascorbic acid and a mixture of pyridoxine and nicotinamide on the process of subacute poisoning with acrylonitrile (AN) in a concentration of 9.7 +/- 2.8 mg/m3 (corresponding to the threshold of a chronic action) was studied in rats. Administration of an additional mixture of vitamins had no significant effect on the course of subacute poisoning in rats. Changes in the physiological and biochemical parameters characteristic of the AN poisoning were noted in this group of animals at the end of the experiment. No significant changes were observed in the poisoning of rats after an additional administration of ascorbic acid either at the stage of the initial reactions, or at the end of the experiment. The results obtained indicate a strongly pronounced elevation of the adaptibility of the organism. This allows one to regard ascorbic acid as an alimentary factor of protective action in repeated subacute AN poisoning of the organism. Ascorbic acid can be recommended as a prophylactic agent for persons in continuous contact with AN under industrial conditions.

[Vitamin C allowance of sailors against a background of qualitatively varied nutrition]. / Obespechennost' moriakov vitaminom C na fone kachestvenno razlichnogo pitaniia

The authors considered the problem on the issue relative to the requirements of sailors in vitamin C during tropical and arctic sailings. The objects of investigations were routine seagoing-dietary and a trial ration elaborated in conformity with the standard requirements in energy and in basic nutrients. Subject to determination were the vitamin C level in the blood and urine and the resistence of the capillaries. It has been found that within the framework of the trial ration the requirement of sailors for vitamin C comprises 100 mg in the Tropics and 150 mg in the Arctics per man/day.

[Antimutagenic action of alpha-tocopherol acetate in carbon tetrachloride poisoning in animals]. / Izuchenie antimutagennogo deistviia al'fa-tokoferola atsetata pri otravlenii zhivotnykh chetyrekhkhloristym uglerodom.

Additional administration of alpha-tocopherol acetate to S57Bl/6 mice and Wistar rats exposed to oral CCl4 under acute and subacute experimental conditions produced no appreciable effect on the frequency of cells with chromosomal aberrations. Additional administration of alpha-tocopherol acetate to S57Bl/6 mice exposed to CCl4 inhalation significantly lessened the frequency of somatic cells with chromosomal aberrations and the frequency of dominant lethals in sexual cells. This attests to a protective action of alpha-tocopherol acetate and confirms the data obtained by other research workers.

[Energy expenditures of operators of mechanized columns in the construction of the Baikal-Amur mainline]. / Energeticheskie zatraty u voditelei mekhanizirovannykh kolonn v usloviiakh stroitel'stva Baikalo-Amurskoi magistrali.

Basing on the study of the daily time and energy metabolism budgets in various types of production and non-production activities it has been established that in summer the daily energy consumption in the drivers of mechanized columns amounts to not more than 3200 kcal, being equal to 3500 kcal in winter. These data form the basis of the determination of energy and food requirements of the group of workers under consideration.

[Protective action of sulfur-containing compounds in acrylonitrile poisoning]. / O zashchitnom deistvii serosoderzhashchikh soedinenii pri intoksikatsii nitrilom akrilovoi kisloty

Experiments staged on rats evidenced that from among sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, cystine and cysteine) and sodium thiosulfate it was cysteine that displayed a pronounced prophylactic and therapeutic effect in acute mortal poisonings with acrylic acid nitrile.

[The action of different food factors on the lipid peroxidation processes in the liver microsomes of rats]. / Vozdeistvie razlichnykh pishchevykh faktorov na protsessy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v mikrosomakh pecheni krys.

Three series of experiments were conducted to study the effects of varying food factors on lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity in rat liver microsomes. The food rations contained heat-treated sunflower oil, soybean protein isolate, krill protein concentrate. A long-term intake of heat-treated oxidation products was attended by significant activation of LPO in the enzymatic system, by elevation of cytochrome P-450 level, by increased activity of ethylmorphine N-demethylase and aniline n-hydroxylation. The period of half-inactivation of cytochrome P-450 was significantly shortened in NADPH-dependent LPO. The rate of NADPH-dependent LPO was not significantly different in the animals given equal amounts of soybean protein isolate or casein (control). Activation of NADPH-dependent LPO and induction of cytochrome P-450 were recorded in liver microsomes of the animals given krill protein. The high concentration of cytochrome P-450 (in the homogenate and microsomes) correlated with the acceleration of hydroxylation of standard substrates ethylmorphine and aniline.

[Dietary services in the homes for the aged in the Ukraine and the ways of their rationalization]. / Pitanie v domakh-internatakh dlia prestarelykh v USSR i puti ego ratsionolizatsii.

On the basis of 7-day menu actual nutrition was studied in 39 old people's homes in the Ukrainian SSR in 1984-1985. The composition of the food rations was analyzed. It has been established that the nutrition in the old people's homes does not completely meet the requirements of the present-day science on nutrition for old age. High consumption of grain products, groats, maccaroni products and fats has been recorded along with insufficient consumption of vegetables, fruit, meat, fish and lactic acid products. The total amount of fat in the ration exceeds the values recommended more than by 60%; the level of simple carbohydrates is rather high, while that of animal protein is low. The authors have recommended a new balanced composition of products, meeting the current requirements of gerodietetics, enriched with food substances possessing geroprotective properties, that will promote normalization of metabolism in old subjects and prevention of age-dependent diseases.

[A method of calculating the average food and energy requirements of the population]. / Metodika rascheta srednedushevoi potrebnosti naseleniia v pishchevykh veshchestvakh i energii.

The paper presents the methods for counting mean per head food and energy requirements of the population, based on the standards of physiological needs of varying groups of the population in food products and energy, and on demographic structure of the population with due account for sex, age, work and living conditions, climato-geographical regions and other factors.

[Correlation of the actual vitamin B1, B2 and B6 consumption with the biochemical indices of their body allowance]. / Korreliativnaia vzaimosviaz' fakticheskogo potrebleniia vitaminov B1, B2 i B6 s biokhimicheskimi pokazateliami obespechennosti imi organizma.

Correlation of actual consumption of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 with biochemical parameters of their utilization has been studied in two groups of workers (one group was engaged in the synthetic leather industry, the second one in the diamond treatment industry). It is shown that the actual utilization of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 correlated well with the stimulation coefficients (SC) of the basal activity of the corresponding erythrocytic enzymes. This correlation can be expressed in an equation of linear regression with a preset SC. Solution of this equation gives the values that can be used in the diagnosis of changes in the vitamins B1, B2 and B6 requirement in certain population groups. The results of the study evidence that vitamin B1 and B6 are especially necessary for workers whose activity is associated with manifest nervous-emotional stress, while the workers engaged in the synthetic leather industry being exposed to dimethyl formamide are in need of vitamin B2.

[Energy and food stuff requirements and actual nutrition of foreign students studying in the USSR]. / Potrebnost' v énergii, pishchevykh veshchestvakh i fakticheskoe pitanie studentov-inostrantsev, obuchaiushchikhsia v SSSR.

The actual nutrition of students of the Patrice Lumumba University of Peoples' Friendship, who had come to the USSR from different countries of the world, was investigated during their studies. Insufficient content of vegetable proteins and fats, Ca and vitamin C, as well as low carbohydrate level were detected in the food of students from all the continents, except for Asia. No significant difference was observed between the energy providing with food and its consumption by the students. The data obtained have been used for validation of the rational nutrition for foreign students studying in the USSR.

[Energy requirements of railroad bridge assemblers]. / Potrebnost' v énergii montazhnikov zheleznodorozhnykh mostov.

A study was made of energy losses in the assemblers engaged in the construction of a railway bridge. It was established that daily energy losses in this vocational group did not exceed 2900 kcal. Basing on the data obtained the authors calculated the requirements of the assemblers for the main foods, vitamins and mineral elements.

[Energy metabolism and the requirement for food and energy in Baikal-Amur mainline workers engaged in clearing strips through the forest]. / Energeticheskii obmen i potrebnost' v pishchevykh veshchestvakh i énergii u rabochikh BAMa, zaniatykh na prorubke prosek.

Indirect calorimetry and time studies showed the diurnal energy expenditure in wood fellers to be 5186.2, in their helpers--4476.9 and in branch choppers--5246.9 kcalories. In accordance with these energy expenditures requirements of the mentioned category of workers in energy, nutrients and other essential nutritional factors have been elaborated. Recommendations for organization of nutrition in the field are given.