Nurses keeping patients safe by managing risk in perioperative settings: A classic grounded theory study.

AIM: To develop and expand how nurses promote safety in perioperative settings. BACKGROUND: This article presents orchestrating a sub-core category from the theory of anticipatory vigilance in promoting safety within preoperative settings (Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27, 2018, 247). Orchestrating explains this and involves effective planning, delegating, co-ordinating and communication. METHOD: A classic grounded theory methodology was used. Ethical approval was granted. Data comprised of 37 interviews and 33 hr of non-participant observation. Data analysis followed the principals of classic grounded theory. RESULTS: Orchestrating is fundamental in promoting safety and minimizing risk of errors and adverse events in the perioperative setting. Nurses achieve this through four categories: macro orchestrating, locational orchestrating, situational orchestrating and being in the know. CONCLUSION(S): Nurses minimize risk by fostering a culture of safety, risk awareness, effective management and leadership. IMPLICATIONS: Effective management structures and support systems are essential in promoting a culture of safety in perioperative setting.

Integrative Literature Review Examining Factors Affecting Patient Safety With Robotic-Assisted and Laparoscopic Surgeries.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this integrative literature review is to examine the evidence on factors affecting patient safety during robotic-assisted and laparoscopic surgeries. DESIGN: Systematic review of papers published between 2011 and 2016 that identified factors affecting safety during robotic-assisted and laparoscopic surgeries, in the areas of colorectal, general, urological, and gynecological surgeries. METHODS: A systematic literature search of the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, and Medline databases were performed. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria outlining factors affecting safety in robotic-assisted and laparoscopic surgeries. All 12 studies selected were quality appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. FINDINGS: Using thematic analysis, the outcomes from the 12 studies were categorized into three thematic categories. Intraoperative communication, teamwork, and disruptions are the key factors affecting patient safety during robotic-assisted and laparoscopic surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: This integrative literature review identifies a dearth of evidence examining factors affecting patient safety during robotic-assisted and laparoscopic surgeries. It draws attention to the complexities with teamwork, intraoperative communication and disruptions during robotic-assisted and laparoscopic surgeries. Although robotic-assisted surgery is generally seen as safe and effective, this review highlights the need for education and training that focuses on non-technical skills development, disruption prevention and alertness in anticipating and minimising risk. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The evidence from this review identifies the different demands and diverse challenges in maintaining safety during robotic-assisted and laparoscopic surgery. Although specific technical knowledge and skills are essential, this review highlights the importance of developing new ways of thinking with regard to assessment and management of disruptions, developing different teamwork patterns and communication skills, and overcoming challenges introduced during technology advanced surgeries. Nurses in the perioperative setting have an increased responsibility to continue professional development and remain vigilant to factors affecting patient safety. Early identification and management of factors leading to disruptions is imperative in the provision of safe perioperative care.

Nurses' perceptions and experiences of robotic assisted surgery (RAS): An integrative review.

AIM: To identify and review published literature on the perceptions and experience of nurses working with RAS. BACKGROUND: Robotic assisted surgery (RAS) is rapidly becoming accepted as the elite modality for surgery since its introduction in the 1980 s, more recently there has been a rising trend of use with several specialities operating using this technology. The role of nurses in perioperative care has been described as maintaining the momentum of the patient's journey. Patients undergoing RAS require nursing care throughout their journey, therefore knowledge of nurses' experiences and perceptions of RAS is important to identifying nurse education and development needs. DESIGN: Integrative literature review DATABASE SOURCES: Databases searched for peer reviewed studies included CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, EMBASE, Scopus, ADA Psycinfo, Medline. REVIEW METHODS: A comprehensive database search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Six databases were searched with 523 screened for eligibility. Ten studies were included in the review seven qualitative and three quantitative. RESULTS: Ten studies were identified, critically appraised and synthesised using thematic analysis. All studies were conducted with nurses in the perioperative environment. Key findings were that nurses education regarding RAS is limited with more emphasis placed on surgeon education and training. There was evidence that nurses experienced a lack of education, training and information as barriers to their role which subsequently raised their stress levels. CONCLUSION: Evidence suggests a clear need for education and training for nurses working with RAS. In addition, nurses working with RAS provide care preoperatively, intraoperatively, postoperatively and post discharge in the community. However, no research has been conducted with nurses outside of the perioperative environment. Further research is required to understand the experiences and perceptions of nurses working with RAS patients in all care settings to identify their education and development needs.