Les hommes bisexuels sont moins exposés au virus de l'immunodéficience humaine que les homosexuels exclusifs en Afrique subsaharienne.

INTRODUCTION: In sub-Saharan Africa, as in the rest of the world, men who have sex with men (MSM) are at greater risk of HIV infection than the general population. Bisexuals are often perceived to be more at risk than exclusive gay men. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH: We propose a review of epidemiological surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa since 2005 to provide an overview of knowledge on HIV exposure among gay/bisexual men. RESULTS: We reviewed 355 publications and identified 62 measures of the association between bisexuality and HIV prevalence and 8 measures of the association between bisexuality and incidence. Except for 4 of 62 measures, the HIV prevalence observed among bisexuals was equal to or lower than that observed among exclusive gay men. In terms of incidence, all but one of the identified studies observed lower or equal HIV incidence among bisexuals. From a behavioural perspective, most studies found no difference in condom use. Bisexuals may have less frequent sex and consistently less receptive anal sex. They mainly started their sexual lives with men later, had fewer partners, and were less likely to know their HIV status. CONCLUSIONS: Bisexuals are less likely to be at risk of HIV than exclusive gay men, partly because of behavioural differences. Prevention and treatment programs for MSM must take the specificities of bisexuals into account and design differentiated services.

Queer necropolitics of asylum: Senegalese refugees facing HIV in Mauritania.

Since 2008, homosexuality has been the subject of recurrent public controversies in Senegal, sometimes accompanied by police arrests and popular violence. In this context, a migration route has opened up to Mauritania, where some are granted refugee status by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Among them, a few are selected for 'resettlement' in a host country in North America or Europe. Many of these Senegalese gay men residing in Mauritania are infected with HIV. In recent years, some of them have returned to Senegal in a very deteriorated condition, leading in several cases to death; others have died in exile in Nouakchott. This article reports on the living conditions and access to health care of Senegalese gay men who went to Mauritania hoping for resettlement to the Global North by the UNHCR. It is based on semi-directed interviews with Senegalese gay asylum seekers as well as members of NGOs, health structures and institutions (including the UNHCR) in Nouakchott and Dakar. It shows that, despite the UNHCR's demonstrated commitment to refugee protection, the asylum (and specifically resettlement) system exposes those who rely on it to increased, sometimes fatal, health risks.

[Collective of users in the fields of AIDS and drug addiction]. / Les collectifs d'usagers dans les champs du sida et de la toxicomanie.

The extent of mobilization caused by the epidemy of AIDS was underlined many times. Because of a logic of selective dissemination, infection by HIV not only started action of patients and their close relations, but also that of the two most affected social groups : homosexual men and drug users. Existing since almost a century, the collectives of patients have shown various configurations, from consensual groups which developped in the thirties to protestor groups emerging within the seventies. We show here how both in AIDS and drug addiction, the collectives of users multiplied through differentiated public identification choices. In the fight against AIDS, all the forms of mobilization coexist. Concerning drugs usage, actions are less diversified and divide in two main categories: groups of interest and self-help groups.