Lack of glomerular intermittency in the river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis acclimated to sea water and following acute transfer to iso-osmotic brackish water

Previous studies have suggested that in the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis, in contrast to teleost fish, all glomeruli are actively filtering. In the present study, we have applied the ferrocyanide technique to obtain more definitive values for the population of filtering nephrons in the lamprey under conditions of high (in fresh water) and low (in sea water) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and when the branchial osmotic gradient was eliminated by acute transfer of freshwater lampreys to iso-osmotic brackish water. These studies demonstrated that the renal antidiuresis in lampreys acclimated to full-strength sea water does not involve any reduction in the filtering population of glomeruli. Transfer to brackish water significantly reduced GFR and thereby urine flow rate (287+/-23 ml kg-1 24 h-1 in fresh water; 6.9+/-2.5 ml kg-1 24 h-1 in brackish water). In four of the eight fish examined, 100 % of glomeruli remained filtering; in the other four fish, non-filtering glomeruli occurred in patches along the kidney, always associated with an absence of vascular perfusion, which implies possible endocrine/neural control of vascular tone. The numbers of non-filtering glomeruli were always small, and these glomeruli do not appear to make a major contribution to the overall decline in urine output. The results provide firm evidence that although lampreys, like teleosts, show considerable variations in urine output, the renal mechanisms by which lampreys and the teleosts achieve this differ fundamentally, with glomerular intermittency playing little or no part in the lamprey.