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PURPOSE: Annual cervical cancer screening is recommended in Germany as a part of the statutory preventive care. Abnormal results can provoke psychological distress and anxiety, compromising women's adherence. Little is known about how a cervical dysplasia impacts adherence follow-up visits and prevention habits over time. To optimize care strategies, this study aims to identify women at risk for nonadherence to follow-up visits after a screening event. METHODS: Between November 2015 and May 2017, participants with an abnormal Pap smear at the Heidelberg and Leipzig University Hospitals received a four-part questionnaire (sociodemographic data, PHQ-D, self-designed fear and prevention habit questions) at the first consultation (T1) and subsequently after 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months; healthy controls completed the questionnaire at T1. RESULTS: 132 women with an abnormal Pap smear [with conization: S1 (n = 68, 51.5%), without intervention: S2 (n = 64, 48.5%)] and healthy controls (K, n = 101) generally adhered to gynecological checkups, except S1 6 months after the first diagnosis (S1/T3 - 0.47, signed rank p < 0.0005). Knowledge of primary prevention information, i.e., HPV vaccination, was significantly higher among K (K 58%, S1 29%, S2 44%, Chi-squared p = 0.01) as was vaccine uptake (K 39% versus S1/S2 7% and 17%, respectively, Chi-squared p = 0.0004). Fear of upcoming Pap smears rose significantly over time (S1/T1-S1/T2-S1/T3, Wilcoxon signed-rank test p < 0.001) and was higher among those with conization at T2 (Chi-square test, p = 0.01) and partially accompanied by panic disorders at T1 (Chi-square test p = 0.035). Realization of general preventive habits rose significantly among women without an operative procedure (S2) over the study. CONCLUSION: This study advances the understanding of non-participation in follow-up visits after a dysplasia diagnosis, identifying post-conization women as a special risk group for decreased adherence.
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Conização/métodos , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study compared outcomes after treatment of acute Achilles tendon (AT) rupture via percutaneous suturing, with those after chronic AT rupture treated via open reconstruction. METHODS: This retrospective study included 30 patients who underwent either percutaneous suturing for acute AT rupture (group AR, n=16) or open reconstruction for chronic AT rupture (group CR, n=14). Function was evaluated by calf muscle circumference, and endurance through isokinetic measurement and single-leg heel-rise test. Score evaluation included AT Total Rupture Score, Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles questionnaire, and visual analogue scale pain score. Postoperative tendon thickness was measured using ultrasonography and MRI. RESULTS: Follow-up was conducted 4.97±1.79 years postoperatively. The groups were similar in age and body mass index. There was no significant difference between groups in calf circumference, isokinetic measurement, heel-rise test, and score evaluation. There was significantly less mediolateral tendon thickening in group AR compared with group CR on ultrasonography (p=0.01) and MRI (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Open reconstruction for chronic AT rupture may result in comparable clinical and functional outcomes, but a thicker tendon compared with percutaneous suturing after acute AT rupture.
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Tendão do Calcâneo/lesões , Tendão do Calcâneo/cirurgia , Traumatismos dos Tendões/cirurgia , Tendão do Calcâneo/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ruptura , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Técnicas de Sutura , Traumatismos dos Tendões/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos dos Tendões/reabilitação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Gamma-ray line signatures can be expected in the very-high-energy (E(γ)>100 GeV) domain due to self-annihilation or decay of dark matter (DM) particles in space. Such a signal would be readily distinguishable from astrophysical γ-ray sources that in most cases produce continuous spectra that span over several orders of magnitude in energy. Using data collected with the H.E.S.S. γ-ray instrument, upper limits on linelike emission are obtained in the energy range between â¼ 500 GeV and â¼ 25 TeV for the central part of the Milky Way halo and for extragalactic observations, complementing recent limits obtained with the Fermi-LAT instrument at lower energies. No statistically significant signal could be found. For monochromatic γ-ray line emission, flux limits of (2 × 10(-7) -2 × 10(-5)) m(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) and (1 × 10(-8) -2 × 10(-6)) m(-2) s(-1)sr(-1) are obtained for the central part of the Milky Way halo and extragalactic observations, respectively. For a DM particle mass of 1 TeV, limits on the velocity-averaged DM annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩(χχ â γγ) reach â¼ 10(-27) cm(3)s(-1), based on the Einasto parametrization of the Galactic DM halo density profile.
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A search for a very-high-energy (VHE; ≥100 GeV) γ-ray signal from self-annihilating particle dark matter (DM) is performed towards a region of projected distance râ¼45-150 pc from the Galactic center. The background-subtracted γ-ray spectrum measured with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) γ-ray instrument in the energy range between 300 GeV and 30 TeV shows no hint of a residual γ-ray flux. Assuming conventional Navarro-Frenk-White and Einasto density profiles, limits are derived on the velocity-weighted annihilation cross section (σv) as a function of the DM particle mass. These are among the best reported so far for this energy range and in particular differ only little between the chosen density profile parametrizations. In particular, for the DM particle mass of â¼1 TeV, values for (σv) above 3×10(-25) cm(3) s(-1) are excluded for the Einasto density profile.
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Purpose How fluid moves during the cardiac cycle within a syrinx may affect its development. We measured syrinx fluid velocities before and after craniovertebral decompression in a patient and simulated syrinx fluid velocities for different heart rates, syrinx sizes and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow velocities in a model of syringomyelia. Materials and methods With phase-contrast magnetic resonance we measured CSF and syrinx fluid velocities in a Chiari patient before and after craniovertebral decompression. With an idealized two-dimensional model of the subarachnoid space (SAS), cord and syrinx, we simulated fluid movement in the SAS and syrinx with the Navier-Stokes equations for different heart rates, inlet velocities and syrinx diameters. Results In the patient, fluid oscillated in the syrinx at 200 to 210 cycles per minute before and after craniovertebral decompression. Velocities peaked at 3.6 and 2.0 cm per second respectively in the SAS and the syrinx before surgery and at 2.7 and 1.5 cm per second after surgery. In the model, syrinx velocity varied between 0.91 and 12.70 cm per second. Increasing CSF inlet velocities from 1.56 to 4.69 cm per second increased peak syrinx fluid velocities in the syrinx by 151% to 299% for the three cycle rates. Increasing cycle rates from 60 to 120 cpm increased peak syrinx velocities by 160% to 312% for the three inlet velocities. Peak velocities changed inconsistently with syrinx size. Conclusions CSF velocity, heart rate and syrinx diameter affect syrinx fluid velocities, but not the frequency of syrinx fluid oscillation. Craniovertebral decompression decreases both CSF and syrinx fluid velocities.
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Malformação de Arnold-Chiari/fisiopatologia , Malformação de Arnold-Chiari/cirurgia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/fisiologia , Descompressão Cirúrgica , Modelos Neurológicos , Siringomielia/fisiopatologia , Siringomielia/cirurgia , Adolescente , Malformação de Arnold-Chiari/diagnóstico por imagem , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/diagnóstico por imagem , Simulação por Computador , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Hidrodinâmica , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Siringomielia/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Pediatric craniofacial defects as a result of congenital malformation, tumor, or trauma are devastating to both the child and the family. These patients require extensive education, preparation, careful monitoring and psychological support. With continuing advances in surgical technology and technique, the effectiveness and utilization of pediatric craniofacial surgery is increasing. As this type of surgery is currently available at relatively few institutions, it has created a new nursing experience. A multi-disciplinary team approach has evolved at Texas Children's Hospital which necessitates active involvement of nursing staff. In this article the multi-disciplinary approach and nursing care utilized in the perioperative management of the craniofacial pediatric surgery patient will be discussed.
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Ossos Faciais/cirurgia , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Crânio/cirurgia , Cirurgia Plástica/enfermagem , Criança , Craniossinostoses/enfermagem , Craniossinostoses/psicologia , Craniossinostoses/cirurgia , Edema/enfermagem , Oftalmopatias/enfermagem , Ossos Faciais/anormalidades , Humanos , Hipertelorismo/enfermagem , Hipertelorismo/psicologia , Hipertelorismo/cirurgia , Lactente , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/enfermagem , Crânio/anormalidades , Apoio Social , Cirurgia Plástica/métodosRESUMO
Brachial plexus birth injuries occur at a frequency of 1-2 per 1000 births. Many of these injuries spontaneously resolve. Should spontaneous recovery not occur within the first 4-6 months of life, the prognosis for attaining movement and function of the affected appendage is significantly impaired. The child demonstrates a lifelong disfiguring and functional handicap. With advances in technology, diagnosis and microsurgical techniques, surgical exploration of the brachial plexus has been revived. A multidisciplinary approach has provided dynamic results. At present only one institution in the United States utilizes this innovative protocol. This article addresses the collaborative perioperative nursing implications for a child with brachial plexus birth injury.
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Traumatismos do Nascimento/cirurgia , Plexo Braquial/lesões , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/enfermagem , Traumatismos do Nascimento/etiologia , Traumatismos do Nascimento/enfermagem , Plexo Braquial/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Exame Neurológico , Avaliação em Enfermagem , Equipe de Assistência ao PacienteAssuntos
Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Ampicilina/análogos & derivados , Doenças da Boca/tratamento farmacológico , Otorrinolaringopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Humanos , Otite/tratamento farmacológico , Faringite/tratamento farmacológico , Sinusite/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Starburst galaxies exhibit in their central regions a highly increased rate of supernovae, the remnants of which are thought to accelerate energetic cosmic rays up to energies of approximately 10(15) electron volts. We report the detection of gamma rays--tracers of such cosmic rays--from the starburst galaxy NGC 253 using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The gamma-ray flux above 220 billion electron volts is F = (5.5 +/- 1.0(stat) +/- 2.8(sys)) x 10(-13) cm(-2) s(-1), implying a cosmic-ray density about three orders of magnitude larger than that in the center of the Milky Way. The fraction of cosmic-ray energy channeled into gamma rays in this starburst environment is five times as large as that in our Galaxy.
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The very large collection area of ground-based gamma-ray telescopes gives them a substantial advantage over balloon or satellite based instruments in the detection of very-high-energy (>600 GeV) cosmic-ray electrons. Here we present the electron spectrum derived from data taken with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. In this measurement, the first of this type, we are able to extend the measurement of the electron spectrum beyond the range accessible to direct measurements. We find evidence for a substantial steepening in the energy spectrum above 600 GeV compared to lower energies.
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In the past few decades, several models have predicted an energy dependence of the speed of light in the context of quantum gravity. For cosmological sources such as active galaxies, this minuscule effect can add up to measurable photon-energy dependent time lags. In this Letter a search for such time lags during the High Energy Stereoscopic System observations of the exceptional very high energy flare of the active galaxy PKS 2155-304 on 28 July 2006 is presented. Since no significant time lag is found, lower limits on the energy scale of speed of light modifications are derived.
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Cerebral palsy is a syndrome characterized by abnormal motor function, with spasticity being one of the most crippling manifestations. Selective dorsal rhizotomy, a neurosurgical procedure, has successfully decreased the degree of spasticity for the child with cerebral palsy. The utilization of this procedure may enable the child with cerebral palsy to demonstrate improved motor function, creating an exciting nursing challenge. This article describes dorsal rhizotomy and the nursing care involved. The protocol of treatment and care provided at Texas Children's Hospital is also described.
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Paralisia Cerebral/cirurgia , Ganglionectomia/enfermagem , Paralisia Cerebral/enfermagem , Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Gânglios Espinais , Ganglionectomia/métodos , Humanos , Lactente , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Alta do PacienteRESUMO
Aortic endothelial cells from control and streptozotocin diabetic minipigs were cultured. Both groups of cells exhibited the typical cobblestone-like appearance and gap junction formation. Endothelial cells derived from diabetic minipigs differed, however, from those from control animals by a higher rate of proliferation and a higher percentage of large and often multinucleated cells. In these cells the specific binding of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to coated pits on the cell surface, the LDL uptake, and the intracellular transport of LDL to lysosomes were visualized by gold-labeled LDL complexes. The binding, internalization, and degradation of LDL by subconfluent, non-contact-inhibited endothelial cells was quantified using 125I-labeled LDL. The LDL metabolism of endothelial cells derived from diabetic animals was increased by about 40% compared to endothelial cells derived from nondiabetic animals.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Endotélio/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Animais , Aorta/metabolismo , Divisão Celular , Células Cultivadas , Invaginações Revestidas da Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Endotélio/patologia , Receptores de LDL/metabolismo , SuínosRESUMO
Two archaeal proteins, RadA and RadB, share similarity with the RecA/Rad51 family of recombinases, with RadA being the functional homologue. We have studied and compared the RadA and RadB proteins of mesophilic and thermophilic Archaea. In growing cells, RadA levels are similar in mesophilic Methanococcus species and the hyperthermophile Methanococcus jannaschii. Treatment of cells with mutagenic agents (methylmethane sulfonate or UV light) increased the expression of RadA (as evidenced by higher levels of both mRNA and protein) in all organisms tested, but the increase was greater in the mesophiles than in the thermophiles M. jannaschii and Sulfolobus solfataricus. Recombinantly expressed RadA proteins from the mesophile M. voltae and the thermophile M. jannaschii were similar in their ATPase- and DNA-binding activities. All the data are consistent with proposals that RadA plays the same role as eukaryotic Rad51. Surprisingly, the data also suggested that the thermophiles do not need more RadA protein or activity than the mesophiles. On the other hand, RadB is not coregulated with RadA, and its role remains unclear. Neither RadA nor RadB from a mesophile or from a thermophile rescued the UV-sensitive phenotype of an Escherichia coli recA- host.