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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 117(2): 1119-1128, 2020 01 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31888983

RESUMO

Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to increase immune-mediated responses is currently of intense interest. Patients with immune-infiltrated "hot" tumors demonstrate higher treatment response rates and improved survival. However, only the minority of tumors are hot, and a limited proportion of patients benefit from immunotherapies. Innovative approaches that make tumors hot can have immediate impact particularly if they repurpose drugs with additional cancer-unrelated benefits. The seasonal influenza vaccine is recommended for all persons over 6 mo without prohibitive contraindications, including most cancer patients. Here, we report that unadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccination via intratumoral, but not intramuscular, injection converts "cold" tumors to hot, generates systemic CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity, and sensitizes resistant tumors to checkpoint blockade. Importantly, intratumoral vaccination also provides protection against subsequent active influenza virus lung infection. Surprisingly, a squalene-based adjuvanted vaccine maintains intratumoral regulatory B cells and fails to improve antitumor responses, even while protecting against active influenza virus lung infection. Adjuvant removal, B cell depletion, or IL-10 blockade recovers its antitumor effectiveness. Our findings propose that antipathogen vaccines may be utilized for both infection prevention and repurposing as a cancer immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Imunoterapia/métodos , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/uso terapêutico , Injeções Intralesionais , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Linfócitos B , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina Básica/genética , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Influenza Humana , Interleucina-10 , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Estações do Ano , Pele , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Esqualeno/administração & dosagem , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Vacinação
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