Tumor-stage mycosis fungoides in palmoplantar localization with large-cell transformation and partial CD30 expression shows complete response to brentuximab vedotin.

Mycosis fungoides in palmoplantar localization (MFPP) is a rare variant of MF that is confined to the hands and feet. Patients commonly receive treatment over many years for suspected palmoplantar dermatitis before the diagnosis is made. Most MFPP patients remain at patch or plaque stage, and often respond to treatment with radiotherapy. Herein, we describe a 77-year-old man who suffered 6 years of hand and foot dermatitis that failed multiple treatments, most notably TNF-α inhibitors and mycophenolate mofetil. He eventually developed a tumor on the hand, which was biopsied to reveal a dense dermal infiltrate of large lymphocytes (CD3+/CD4-/CD8-/TCR-BetaF1+/partial CD30+). A subsequent biopsy of an eczematous patch from his hand revealed an epidermotropic and syringotropic infiltrate comprised of smaller lymphocytes with a concordant immunophenotype and matching clonal peak with TCR gene rearrangement. He was diagnosed with MFPP and started on radiotherapy with a modest response; therefore, a decision was made to start brentuximab vedotin, which resulted in a complete response. MFPP is an exceedingly rare variant of MF that can show large-cell transformation and progress in stage. We highlight a possible association between disease progression and immunosuppressants and the potential role for treatment with brentuximab.

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia with xanthomas and multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND: Type III hyperlipoproteinemia usually results from an inherited defect in the composition of apolipoprotein E and is associated with atherosclerosis. An acquired form of the type III phenotype may rarely be associated with myeloma and immunoglobulin-lipoprotein complexes. OBSERVATION: We present the case of a 72-year-old man with a history of well-controlled, unclassified hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, without evidence of atherosclerotic disease. He subsequently developed refractory dyslipidemia, palmar crease, and tuberous xanthomas. Type III hyperlipoproteinemia was confirmed, and nonclassic defective apolipoprotein E. Common secondary causes of hyperlipidemia were ruled out. A workup for malignancy revealed monoclonal IgA gammopathy. Immunostaining confirmed IgA antibodies complexed to the patient's very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction, causing gross impairment of VLDL metabolism. Conventional therapy for type III hyperlipoproteinemia was attempted but ineffective. Thus, chemotherapy was initiated for his myeloma, with subsequent lowering of his IgA, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and improvement of his xanthomas. CONCLUSION: There are several unusual features to this case. Planar xanthomas can be associated with myelomas, but usually in the setting of normal lipids. Type III hyperlipoproteinemias are not usually refractory to standard therapy and are only rarely associated with IgA myeloma. IgA antibodies complexed to the patient's VLDL caused gross impairment of VLDL metabolism. The patient's apolipoprotein E genotype (heterozygote E2/E3) is not typical for expression of the heritable type III phenotype (homozygote E2/E2). These features support a causal relationship between this patient's multiple myeloma and type III hyperlipoproteinemia rather than two independent, coexistent conditions.

Models of care and organization of services.

This article examines the overall organization of services and delivery of health care in the United States. Health maintenance organization, fee-for-service, preferred provider organizations, and the Veterans Health Administration are discussed, with a focus on structure, outcomes, and areas for improvement. An overview of wait times, malpractice, telemedicine, and the growing population of physician extenders in dermatology is also provided.