Five Measurement Bases Determine Pure Quantum States on Any Dimension.

A long-standing problem in quantum mechanics is the minimum number of observables required for the characterization of unknown pure quantum states. The solution to this problem is especially important for the developing field of high-dimensional quantum information processing. In this work we demonstrate that any pure d-dimensional state is unambiguously reconstructed by measuring five observables, that is, via projective measurements onto the states of five orthonormal bases. Thus, in our method the total number of different measurement outcomes (5d) scales linearly with d. The state reconstruction is robust against experimental errors and requires simple postprocessing, regardless of d. We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme through the reconstruction of eight-dimensional quantum states, encoded in the momentum of single photons.

Shock séptico secundario a fascitis necrotizante abdominal tras drenaje de absceso interesfintérico perianal / Septic shock secondary to abdominal necrotizing fascitis after drainage of perianal intersphyteric abscess

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este manuscrito es presentar el caso de un varón de 41 años que debuta con shock séptico y fascitis necrotizante abdominal en el posoperatorio del desbridamiento de un absceso perianal para focalizar la atención del lector en la posible evolución clínica hacia gangrena de Fournier. Materiales y Método: Tras la intervención, el paciente refiere aumento de temperatura y sensación de crepitación subcutánea a nivel abdominal, junto con empeoramiento clínico y hemodinámico, evidenciándose evolución tórpida hacia gangrena de Fournier extendida a región abdominal. Resultados: Tras la reintervención, el paciente presentó una evolución favorable aunque requirió sucesivas curas y desbridamientos quirúrgicos. Conclusiones y Discusión: Cabe destacar la importancia de una exploración clínica completa y detallada previa a cualquier intervención quirúrgica, así como el diagnóstico temprano en situaciones de shock séptico que permitan inicio de antibioterapia precoz y control del foco eficaz.

Aim: The objective of this manuscript is to present the case of a 41-year-old man with septic shock and abdominal necrotizing fasciitis after drainage of an interesphinteric perianal abscess to focus the reader's attention on the possible clinical evolution towards Fournier's gangrene. Materials and Method: After the intervention, the patient reported an increase in temperature and a sensation of subcutaneous crepitus at the abdominal level, with clinical and hemodynamic worsening, showing a torpid evolution towards Fournier's gangrene extended to the abdominal area. Results: After the reoperation, the patient presented a favorable evolution, although he required successive cures and surgical debridements. Conclusions and Discussion: It is worth highlighting the importance of a complete and detailed clinical examination prior to any surgical intervention, as well as the early diagnosis in situations of septic shock that allow early initiation of antibiotic therapy and effective control of the focus.

Quantum key distribution session with 16-dimensional photonic states.

The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote parties, that can be used to extract a secret key. QKD with D-dimensional quantum channels provides security advantages that grow with increasing D. However, the vast majority of QKD implementations has been restricted to two dimensions. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of using higher dimensions for real-world quantum cryptography by performing, for the first time, a fully automated QKD session based on the BB84 protocol with 16-dimensional quantum states. Information is encoded in the single-photon transverse momentum and the required states are dynamically generated with programmable spatial light modulators. Our setup paves the way for future developments in the field of experimental high-dimensional QKD.

Persistent keratoacanthoma: challenges in management.

BACKGROUND: Keratoacanthoma is a common cutaneous neoplasm, although the persistent form is less common and often more difficult to manage. Multiple treatment approaches have been attempted with variable efficacy. Establishing the diagnosis and selecting a treatment plan for persistent keratoacanthoma is often challenging. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to describe the difficulty one may encounter in the diagnosis and treatment of persistent keratoacanthoma. Hopefully, review of this clinical conundrum may facilitate the management of the reader's future patients. METHODS: We describe a case of persistent keratoacanthoma where the diagnosis was initially elusive and the management challenging. Our thought process during each stage of diagnosis and management is described in the form of "issues" with references to the appropriate literature. RESULTS: After several diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, successful treatment was achieved with administration of oral isotretinoin. Long-term remission continued as the dosage was tapered. CONCLUSION: Persistent keratoacanthoma may be challenging to diagnose and manage, presenting a clinical conundrum. Careful review of the clinicopathologic presentation and an understanding of the various treatment options may result in a successful outcome.

[Sustained-release theophylline: study in a child population]. / Teofilina de liberación sostenida: estudio en una población infantil.

The study was done in 37 children. Their age ranged between 2 and 12 years, and their body weight between 12 and 36 kg. All had a diagnosis of bronchial asthma with practically permanent symptoms. All received a controlled treatment with sustained-release theophylline (SRT). All the patients began with a dose of about 15 mg/kg/day. Two groups without significant differences in age or weight, were made. The average doses given to the first group were 16.73 +/- 1.56, that were well tolerated, being the theophylline blood levels, five hours after dosing 14.79 +/- 2.34. In the second group (n = 22) due to different causes the SRT dose had to be reduced, averaging 11.98 +/- 1.48 and the theophylline blood levels 12.5 +/- 5.04. The clinical results were evaluated by a quantitative method in both groups. The theophyllinemia curves grouped in 6 patients showed the following values: 13.98 +/- 2.95 after 3 hours, 14.5 +/- 1.95 after 5 hours and 9.5 +/- 3.31 after 12 hours. The average theophylline concentrations in the saliva were 10.53 +/- 2.5 (3 hours); 9.81 +/- 1.80 (5 hours) and 6.01 +/- 1.92 (12 hours). The clinical results were good in the 37 children, even with suboptimal theophyllinemia values. The authors conclude by recommending an initial SRT pattern of 12-14 mg/kg/day for children weighting between 12 and 24 kg and of 11-12 mg/kg/day for weights between 25 and 35 kg. With these doses, theophylline levels over 10 mcg/ml in 24 hours are guaranteed in most patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Effective response to risperidone treatment in manic syndrome secondary to neurocysticercosis]. / Buena respuesta a risperidona en fase maniaca secundaria a neurocisticercosis.

This study presents a clinical case about a patient suffering a manic syndrome secondary to neurocysticercosis and no responding to traditional neuroleptic treatment. We administrated the risperidone treatment, that was effective.