Mannose-binding lectin concentrations in people living with HIV/AIDS infected by HHV-8.

BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in the innate immune response by activating the complement system via the lectin pathway, and it has been studied in several viral infections; however, the influence of MBL in PLWHA infected with HHV-8 is unknown. The objective of this study was to verify the association of MBL deficient plasma concentrations in HIV/HHV-8 coinfected and HIV monoinfected patients and to correlate these concentrations with HIV viral load and CD4 counts in both groups. RESULTS: This was an analytical study of case-controls consisting of PLWHA monitored at the medical outpatient of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of the clinical hospital in the Federal University of Pernambuco. Plasma concentrations of MBL were obtained by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercial Human Mannose Binding Lectin kit (MyBioSource, Inc.) that was performed according to the manufacturer's guidelines, with values < 100 ng/ml considered deficient. A total of 245 PLWHA samples were analysed; 118 were HIV/HHV-8 coinfected and 127 were HIV monoinfected; 5.1% (6/118) of the coinfected patients and 3.2% (4/127) of the monoinfected patients (p = 0.445) were considered plasma concentration deficient. The median of the plasma concentrations of MBL in the coinfected patients was 2803 log10 ng/ml and was 2.959 log10 ng/ml in the monoinfected patients (p = 0.001). There was an inverse correlation between the plasma concentrations of MBL and the HIV viral load in both groups, but no correlation with the CD4 count. CONCLUSIONS: Although the plasma concentrations considered deficient in MBL were not associated with HHV-8 infection in PLWHA, the coinfected patients showed lower MBL concentrations and an inverse correlation with HIV viral load, suggesting that there may be consumption and reduction of MBL due to opsonization of HIV and HHV-8, leading to the reduction of plasma MBL and non-accumulation in the circulation.

MBL2 gene polymorphisms in HHV-8 infection in people living with HIV/AIDS.

BACKGROUND: Host genetic factors such as MBL2 gene polymorphisms cause defects in the polymerization of MBL protein and result in a functional deficiency and/or in low serum levels that can influence susceptibility to various viral infections. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes related to -550, -221 and exon 1 polymorphisms of the MBL2 gene and investigate their association with HHV-8 in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), as well as the impacts on CD4 cell count and HIV viral load in HIV/HHV-8 coinfected and HIV monoinfected patients. RESULTS: A cross sectional study in PLWHA, with and without HHV-8 infection, exploring associations between different factors, was performed in the outpatient infectious and parasitic diseases clinic at a referral hospital. Genomic DNA extractions from leukocytes were performed using a commercial Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification kit (Promega, Madison, WI). The promoter region (-550 and -221) was genotyped with the TaqMan system (Applied TaqMan Biosystems® genotyping Assays), and the structural region (exon1) was genotyped with Express Sybr Greener Supermix kit (Invitrogen, USA). In total, 124 HIV/HHV-8 coinfected and 213 HIV monoinfected patients were analysed. Median TCD4 counts were significantly lower in HIV/HHV-8 coinfected patients, whereas the mean of the first and last viral load of HIV did not present significant difference. There was no difference in frequency between the LL, YY and AA genotypes between the HIV/HHV-8 coinfected or HIV monoinfected patients. However, in a multivariate analysis, coinfected patients with the intermediate expression haplotype of the MBL2 gene had an odds ratio of 3.1-fold (CI = 1.2-7.6) of their last CD4 cell count being below 350 cells/mm3. Among the coinfected individuals, four developed KS and presented the intermediate expression MBL haplotype, with three being HYA/LXA and one being LYA/LYO. CONCLUSIONS: Host genetic factors, such as -550, -221 and exon 1 polymorphisms, can be related to the may modify coinfections and/or to the development clinical manifestations caused by HHV-8, especially in HIV/HHV-8 coinfected patients who present the intermediate expression haplotypes of MBL.

Evaluation of the cytokine mannose-binding lectin as a mediator of periportal fibrosis progression in patients with schistosomiasis.

INTRODUCTION: We hypothesized higher mannose-binding lectin level and classic factors (i.e., age, sex, alcohol consumption, exposure, and specific treatment) are associated with the severity of periportal fibrosis in schistosomiasis. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 79 patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni with severe or mild/moderate periportal fibrosis. Serum concentrations of mannose-binding lectin were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Higher serum level of mannose-binding lectin was significantly associated with advanced periportal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Mannose-binding lectin may contribute to liver pathology in schistosomiasis and may represent a risk factor for advanced periportal fibrosis in the Brazilian population studied.

Association of SNP (-G1082A) IL-10 with increase in severity of periportal fibrosis in schistosomiasis, in the northeast of Brazil.

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine that modulates severe periportal fibrosis (PPF). We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms (-G1082A/-C819T/-C592A) of the IL-10 gene and classic factors (age, sex, alcohol, exposure, and specific treatment) are associated with the severity of PPF and that these polymorphisms influence IL-10 expression. In this cross-sectional study, we genotyped these polymorphisms within the IL-10 gene in 203 Brazilian subjects infected with Schistosoma mansoni, with different patterns of PPF. There was an association of protection between the ages of 41 and 60 years and advanced standard PPF. The -1082AA genotype was significantly associated with severity in PPF when compared with the -1082GG genotype. Similarly, when analyzed together, both the -1082GA+AA genotypes were significantly associated. The ACC and GTA haplotypes indicated a protective effect against PPF, while the ATA haplotype was significantly associated with PPF severity when compared with the GCC haplotype. There was no significant difference between average levels of IL-10 between clinical groups, and there was no association between average serum levels of IL-10 and (-G1082A) IL-10 polymorphism. Our results suggest that (-G1082A) IL-10 polymorphism and putative haplotypes are associated with PPF severity in the Brazilian population.

Hepatitis B and C infections in systemic lupus erythematosus patientes

OBJECTIVE: determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in SLE patients attended at the University Hospital fromOctober 2009 to July 2010. METHOD: the serological markers for HBV (HBsAg, anti-HBc total and anti-HBs) andHCV (anti-HCV) were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In HBsAg and/or anti-HBc totaland anti-HCV positive samples were analyzed for HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA by PCR. RESULTS: one hundred andsixty-nine SLE patients were studied and the prevalence of anti-HBc total was 10.1% (17/169) and all were negative forHBV-DNA. The anti-HCV was present in 1.8% (3/169) and only one was HCV-RNA positive, presenting a viral load of212.000 copies/mL. CONCLUSIONS: considering the absence of data on HBV in SLE patients in Brazil, the prevalencefound in this study was high when compared to that reported in the general population in the same geographical area.With regard to the seroprevalence of HCV, it was lower than that observed in other Brazilian SLE patients.

OBJETIVO: determinar a soroprevalência do HBV e HCV em pacientes com LES atendidos em Hospital Universitáriode Outubro de 2009 a Julho de 2010. MÉTODO: pesquisaram-se os marcadores sorológicos para o HBV (HBsAg,anti-HBc total e anti-HBs) e HCV (anti-HCV) através de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Nas amostras HBsAg e/ouanti-HBc total e anti-HCV positivas foram pesquisados o HBV-DNA e HCV-RNA, pela reação em cadeia da polimerase(PCR). RESULTADOS: 169 pacientes lúpicos foram estudados e a prevalência do anti-HBc total foi 10,1% (17/169),com negatividade para o HBV-DNA. O anti-HCV esteve presente em 1,8% (3/169) dos pacientes e em apenas um oHCV-RNA foi positivo, com carga viral de 212.000 cópias/mL. CONCLUSÃO: em virtude da inexistência de outrostrabalhos brasileiros que relatem a prevalência do HBV em pacientes lúpicos, verificou-se que a prevalência encontradana pesquisa foi superior a da população local. Com relação à soroprevalência do HCV, esta foi menor do que a verificadaem pacientes lúpicos brasileiros.