[Advance research on association between environmental compound and parkinson's disease].

Parkinson's disease(PD)was the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Incidence of PD was ascending year by year. The etiology of PD is poorly understood, involving aging, genetic and environmental factors. Recently, environmental compound had attracted more and more research interest. Studies and extrapolation from epidemiology, animal experiments and cell culture suggested that environmental compound had involved in the molecular mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, microglia activation, abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein and autophagy damage ,which seemed to increase PD risk.

The effects of tourniquet use on blood loss in primary total knee arthroplasty for patients with osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The tourniquet is a common medical instrument used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there has always been a debate about the use of a tourniquet and there is no published meta-analysis to study the effects of a tourniquet on blood loss in primary TKA for patients with osteoarthritis. METHODS: We performed a literature review on high-quality clinical studies to determine the effects of using a tourniquet or not on blood loss in cemented TKA. PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to November 2018 for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted a meta-analysis following the guidelines of the Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook. We used the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias of each trial. The statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager statistical software (version 5.3). RESULTS: Eleven RCTs involving 541 patients (541 knees) were included in this meta-analysis. There were 271 patients (271 knees) in the tourniquet group and 270 patients (270 knees) in the no tourniquet group. The results showed that using a tourniquet significantly decreased intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.002), calculated blood loss (P < 0.002), and the time of operation (P < 0.002), but tourniquet use did not significantly decrease postoperative blood loss (P > 0.05), total blood loss (P > 0.05), the rate of transfusion (P > 0.05), and of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (P > 0.05) in TKA. CONCLUSIONS: Using a tourniquet can significantly decrease intraoperative blood loss, calculated blood loss, and operation time but does not significantly decrease the rate of transfusion or the rate of DVT in TKA. More research is needed to determine if there are fewer complications in TKA without the use of tourniquets.

Double-peak emission of hot electrons generated by femtosecond laser interaction with solid targets.

Double-peak emission of hot electrons has been observed in the interaction of a 60-fs, 125-mJ, 800-nm, p-polarized laser pulse with Al targets. One peak in the specular direction is due to the reflected laser light, which excites a plasma wave to accelerate electrons. The other peak, which is more consistent with theories of Phys. Plasmas 6, 2855 (1999)] and Phys. Rev. Lett 82, 743 (1999)], is produced by the resonance absorption at approximately 15 degrees from the target normal.

[Experimental study of kangli san in treating viral hyperpyrexia].

The hypothermic effect of Kangli San (KLS) on the model of rabbit viral hyperpyrexia caused by rabbit hemorrhagic fever virus was studied. Intraperitoneal injection of 200% KLS (4g/kg) could inhibit the pyrogenic action of the virus efficiently. The results showed that KLS could decrease the function of pyrogenic transmitters such as PGE2 and cAMP etc. in cerebrospinal fluid.

[Effect of aconitine on content of corticotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamus of rats].

The effect of aconitine on the content of corticotropin-Releasing-Hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus of the normal rat injected with aconitine intraperitoneally was studied by means of radioimmunoassay (RIA). Aconitine is the main effective component of Radix Aconiti Carmichaeli Praeparata, the representative traditional Chinese herbal medicine of Warm-Supplementing Kidney-Yang (WSKY). Results showed that the content of hypothalamic CRH menifested a dosedependent increase after 7 days intraperitoneal injection of aconitine (1 microgram/kg, 3 micrograms/kg and 10 micrograms/kg). The CRH neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and the neural fibers of median eminence also demonstrated increases in number and enrichment in gray tone as observed by immunohistochemical method of ABC. These results suggested that one of the possible mechanism of the WSKY drugs in improving the HPA axis might be exciting the hypothalamic CRH neurons.

[Effect of ming-men mixture on corticosterone-rats' neuro-endocrino-immunological network].

The hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal-thymus(HPAT) axis is an important form of the neuroendocrino-immunological network (NEIN). To study the essential link between Ming-Men, Kidney and the NEIN, the corticosterone (CORT) injected rats was used. The CORT The CORT caused HPAT axis inhibiting model was established and then the regulation of Ming-Men mixture (MMM) was observed. The results showed that the number of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) positive neurones in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, CRF positive neurofibril in in median eminence, anterior pituitary ACTH positive secretory cells decreased markedly in the CORT inhibited rats and the immunohistochemical ABC staining became lighter than the control. We also observed that there was atrophy in adrenal, especially fasculate zone became thinner compared with the control. The thymus atrophied, the number of lymphocytes and thymic corpuscles decreased obviously. The content of ACTH and CORT in plasma decreased, the proliferative reaction of lymphocytes, interleukin-2 and the inductive ability of gamma-IFN reduced. After the MMM was instilled into stomach in experimental group, it was foiund that MMM could improve the inhibition on HPAT axis caused by CORT significantly, P < 0.01. It suggested that MMM possibly was an effective and ideal prescription which could regulate the HPAT axis.

[Effect of yougui yin on the content of monoaminic transmitters and body weight, food and fluid intake in corticosterone-rats].

Great attention has been paid to the relationship between the central monoaminic transmitters and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis recently. This paper reported the content of hypothalamic monoaminic transmitters of rats, which were injected with corticosterone 10 mg/kg subcutaneously for 14 days. The body weight as well as volume of food and fluid intake were measured in the same period. Effect of Yougui Yin (YGY, administrated by gastrogavage) on he cortico-inhibited rats was also observed. Results showed that the contents of hypothalamic monoaminic transmitters such as norepinephrine, Dopamine, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid of the rats increased obviously, while the body weight, volume of food and fluid intake decreased significantly day by day. The YGY could improve the above-mentioned indexes significantly. It suggested that: (1) The synthesis and metabolism of the central monoaminic transmitters of rats activated when the HPA axis was inhibited by exogenous glucocorticoid, their body weight lowered, and the volume of food and fluid intake decreased. (2) YGY could improve the inhibited HPA axis, and inhibit the activated central monoaminic transmitters as well as protect the normal regulating function of hypothalamus on food and fluid intake.

[Study of different pattern of immuno-modulatory mechanism by tonifying kidney and invigorating spleen].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the acting pattern on the immune system by tonifying the Kidney (TK). METHODS: Three composite recipes were used on the 7- and 14-day corticosterone rat model to study the effect of recipes on the different pattern of immuno-modulatory and neuroendocrinological systems. RESULTS: The immune system of Invigorate the Spleen(IS) group was well protected in either 7-day or 14-day experiment, without any effect of IS recipe acting on the neuroendocrine system, it suggested that IS recipe might have direct action on immune system, while TK group with no effect on neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system in 7-day experiment, but showed the remarkable protective effect of the whole NEI system until 14-day experiment. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that TK recipe is acting on the neuro endocime system first, and then influence the immune system. It means that the action was through down pathway of NEI network.

[Effect of zuogui wan on the contents of hypothalamic monoaminic transmitters and body weight in rats treated with monosodium glutamate neonatally].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the interrelationship between the traditional Chinese medicine the Kidney-Yin Deficiency Syndrome and the metabolism of hypothalamic monoaminic neurotransmitters after the lesion of arcuate nucleus (ARC). METHODS: Rats were injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG, at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 days after born. 4 mg/g body weight, s.c.) during the neonatal period, then the contents of hypothalamic monoaminic transmitters were determined with HPLC and the changes of increase of body weight were observed. RESULTS: Decreases in levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) associated with its metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) were observed, while vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), metabolite of NE, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were unchanged. Furthermore, adult rats with neonatal MSG treatment also demonstrated growth retardation, obesity but lower body weight, and shorter length of naso-anal. Zuogui Wan, classical drugs of nourishing and recuperating the Kidney-Yin, relieved the disorder of the metabolism of hypothalamic monoaminic transmitter in MSG-rats. CONCLUSION: The metabolic disorders of the central monoaminic transmitters may be related with the Deficiency of the Kidney-Yin.

[Effect of three kinds (tonifying kidney, invigorating spleen, promoting blood circulation) recipes on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-thymus (HPAT) axis and CRF gene expression].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of tonifying Kidney (TK), invigorating Spleen (IS) and promoting blood circulation (PBC) recipes on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-thymus (HPAT) axis. METHODS: Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, radioimmunoassay and cellular immunity techniques were used to observe the effects of TH, IS, PBC on the neuroendocrine and immune system of this experimental model which HPAT axis was inhibited by corticosterone. RESULTS: Only TK could avoid the depression of exogenous corticosterone, which by enhancing the expression of CRFmRNA in hypothalamus, and following the improvement of function of HPAT axis, that IS might have direct promotion on immune system, whereas without any effect of PBC on HPAT axis was observed. CONCLUSION: TK, IS and PBC recipes have different effects on HPAT axis.