Correlation and concordance measures between clinical, endoscopic and histological scores activity in Crohn's disease under treatment.

Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the correlation and concordance measures between clinical, endoscopic and histologic remission in Crohn's disease (CD) under treatment. Method: Twenty-four patients with CD under treatment were included in a prospective consecutive cross-sectional study from January to September 2018. Clinical activity was assessed by Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI). All of the patients were submitted an ileocolonoscopy with biopsy and classified by Simple Endoscopic Score (SES-CD). Histologic activity was assessed by Global Histologic Activity Score (GHAS) modified. Remission was considered with CDAI <150; SES-CD ≤2 and GHAS ≤4. Results: Clinical remission was established in 53%, however, only 50% had mucosal healing (MH) and 70% had inflammatory histologic activity. Correlation between endoscopic and histological measures was strong and positive (σ = 0.73, p < .0003). The concordance remission agreement between SES-CD and GHAS was weak with (κ) = 0.3 (IC 95%: -0.09; 0.69). The greatest disparity arose when clinical activity (CDAI) was compared with histological measures (σ = 0.20, p = .45), (κ) = 0.26 (IC = -0.03; 0.56). Conclusion: The score SES-CD correlates well with histological score GHAS in CD under treatment, however, there is low concordance between both mainly in patients with anti-TNFs treatment. CDAI score had low correlation and concordance with histological score GHAS. In this sample, patients under treatment and without symptoms had low MH and histologic healing.

ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS FOR SURGERY TREATMENT OF CROHN'S DISEASE: A HOSPITAL COHORT.

BACKGROUND: New therapies have revolutionized the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD), but in some countries, the surgery rate has not changed, the frequency of emergency surgery is underestimated, and surgical risk is poorly studied. AIMS: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and clinical indications for primary surgery in CD patients at the tertiary hospital. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort of a prospectively collected database of 107 patients with CD from 2015 to 2021. The main outcomes were the incidence of surgery treatment, types of procedures performed, surgical recurrence, surgery free time, and risk factors for surgery. RESULTS: Surgical intervention was performed in 54.2% of the patients, and most of the procedures were emergency surgeries (68.9%). The elective procedures (31.1%) were performed over 11 years after diagnosis. The main indications for surgery were ileal stricture (34.5%) and anorectal fistulas (20.7%). The most frequent procedure was enterectomy (24.1%). Recurrence surgery was most common in emergency procedures (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.6-6.6). Montreal phenotype L1 stricture behavior (RR 1.3; 95%CI 1.0-1.8, p=0.04) and perianal disease (RR 1.43; 95%CI 1.2-1.7) increased the risk of emergency surgeries. The multiple linear regression showed age at diagnosis as a risk factor for surgery (p=0.004). The study of surgery free time showed no difference in the Kaplan-Meier curve for Montreal classification (p=0.73). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for operative intervention were strictures in ileal and jejunal diseases, age at diagnosis, perianal disease, and emergency indications.

Accuracy of Oral 67Gallium Citrate Scintigraphy in assessment of inflammatory activity of Crohn's disease.

AIM: The main goal in Crohn´s disease (CD) is a sustained suppression of inflammatory activity associated with mucosa healing in endoscopic evaluation. During clinical routine, there are small numbers of good markers to monitor inflammatory activity under treatment. We postulated that Oral 67Gallium Citrate Scintigraphy is able to mark inflammatory disease in mucosa and deep inflammation in CD, when used in oral form. OBJECTIVE: Measure the accuracy of Oral 67Gallium Citrate Scintigraphy in intestinal inflammatory activity of Crohn´s disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective consecutive cross-sectional study from January 2018 to June 2019, the ileocolonic region of 32 patients with CD were studied by dividing into four regions of interest (ROI) from the ileum to the rectum. A total of 128 intestinal segments were analyzed in cluster data. Accuracy values of Oral 67Gallium Scintigraphy and colonoscopy tests were evaluated with the histological reference test. Values of the respective receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained  and compared. The reliability between the tests was evaluated by Kappa statistical with the segment-level analyses using variance adjustments. All statistical analyses were performed with a test significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The study population included 32 patients with CD (10 men, 22 women; average age 39 years). Disease time was five years on average. Anti-TNFs treatment was found in 71%. The most found phenotype of the Montreal classification was L3. Differences in ROC curves for colonoscopy (0.94) and Oral 67Ga Scintigraphy (0.96) did not show significant value (p = 0.32). The sensitivity of scintigraphy to detect intestinal inflammatory activity in CD was 64%, specificity of 96% and accuracy of 84%. A high agreement was found between oral scintigraphy and histological measurements with kappa = 0.64. CONCLUSIONS: Oral 67Ga Scintigraphy had similar accuracy and agreement compared to colonoscopy in the identification of inflammatory activity in Crohn´s Disease. This new approach may be useful and less invasive for long term follow-ups.

Synovectomy using Samarium-153 Hydroxyapatite in the Elbows and Ankles of Patients with Hemophilic Arthropathy.

This study aimed to evaluate synovectomy with samarium-153 hydroxyapatite (153Sm-HA) in synovitis of the elbows and ankles of hemophilic patients. The synovectomy was performed using 185 MBq of 153Sm-HA in 166 joints of 82 hemophilic patients, with a mean age of 24.4 years and follow-up of 12 and 42 months, comprising 63 ankles and 84 elbows. Arthropathy was characterized by recurrent joint bleeding. Episodes of hemarthrosis, use of clotting factors, and pain intensity were evaluated before and after treatment. Scintigraphic controls and adverse effects were also considered. Statistical analyses used P ≤ 0,005 as significant. The results pointed that (a) reduction in hemarthrosis was 78% and 68% in elbows and 82% and 72% in ankles; (b) use of clotting factors was 80% and 70% in elbows and 85% and 75% in ankles; (c) pain was 37% and 34% in elbows and 61% and 57% in ankles, after 12 and 42 months, respectively. Three cases of mild reactive synovitis were observed in ankles and four in elbows. There was no joint effusion in any of the cases. In conclusion, the use of 153Sm-HA in elbows and ankles was effective, very safe, minimally invasive and showed consistency over time, is another material to utilize in median hemophilic joints.

Scintigraphic evaluation of colonic transit in children with constipation using 67Ga-citrate.

The aim of this study was to assess the colonic transit in children and teenagers with chronic constipation. Twenty patients from 1.5 to 16 years old were included (mean age = 6.9 years). Chronic constipation etiologies were as follows: congenital megacolon in 6; surgical treatment in 5 (imperforate anus 2, hip dysplasia 1, sacral teratoma 1, and paraspinal neuroblastoma 1); idiopathic chronic constipation in 5; sacral myelomeningocele in 3; and intestinal duplication in 1. Static images on the anterior projection of the abdomen were performed 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after the radiotracer oral administration. Doses were 3.7 MBq of 67Ga-citrate. The images were visually analyzed and classified by the observers as normal, diffuse slow transit, right slow transit, and left slow transit. Patients' dosimetric estimation was performed also. There were four cases of diffuse slow transit that responded well to the clinical treatment, 3 of them being chronic idiopathic constipation. From five patients with right slow transit, 4 were submitted to appendicostomy (Malone surgery) with good results. There were 11 cases of left slow transit (ten at the rectosigmoid level). Five of the 6 patients with congenital megacolon had left slow transit. Patients' dose estimation was 1.9 mSv to the whole body, 1.8 mSv to the ovaries, and 1.4 mSv to the testicular. This method is simple, safe, noninvasive, provides helpful functional information, and allows therapeutic decision regarding chronic constipation.

Assessment of risk factors for surgery treatment of crohn's disease: a hospital cohort / Avaliação dos fatores de risco para tratamento cirúrgico na doença de crohn: uma coorte hospitalar

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND New therapies have revolutionized the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD), but in some countries, the surgery rate has not changed, the frequency of emergency surgery is underestimated, and surgical risk is poorly studied. AIMS: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and clinical indications for primary surgery in CD patients at the tertiary hospital. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort of a prospectively collected database of 107 patients with CD from 2015 to 2021. The main outcomes were the incidence of surgery treatment, types of procedures performed, surgical recurrence, surgery free time, and risk factors for surgery. RESULTS: Surgical intervention was performed in 54.2% of the patients, and most of the procedures were emergency surgeries (68.9%). The elective procedures (31.1%) were performed over 11 years after diagnosis. The main indications for surgery were ileal stricture (34.5%) and anorectal fistulas (20.7%). The most frequent procedure was enterectomy (24.1%). Recurrence surgery was most common in emergency procedures (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.6-6.6). Montreal phenotype L1 stricture behavior (RR 1.3; 95%CI 1.0-1.8, p=0.04) and perianal disease (RR 1.43; 95%CI 1.2-1.7) increased the risk of emergency surgeries. The multiple linear regression showed age at diagnosis as a risk factor for surgery (p=0.004). The study of surgery free time showed no difference in the Kaplan-Meier curve for Montreal classification (p=0.73). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for operative intervention were strictures in ileal and jejunal diseases, age at diagnosis, perianal disease, and emergency indications.

RESUMO RACIONAL Novas terapias revolucionaram o tratamento da Doença de Crohn, mas em alguns países a taxa de cirurgias não se modificou, a frequência de cirurgias de emergência é subestimada e o risco cirúrgico é pouco estudado. OBJETIVOS Analisar fatores de risco e as indicações para cirurgia primária em pacientes com doença de Crohn, em Hospital terciário. MÉTODOS: Análise de banco de dados coletado prospectivamente, de 107 pacientes com doença de Crohn de 2015 a 2021. Os principais desfechos foram a incidência de tratamento cirúrgico, tipos de procedimentos realizados, recidiva cirúrgica, tempo livre de cirurgia e fatores de risco. RESULTADOS: A intervenção cirúrgica foi realizada em 54.2% dos pacientes, sendo a maioria dos procedimentos cirúrgicos de urgência (68.9%). Os procedimentos eletivos (31.1%) foram realizados mais de 11 anos após o diagnóstico. As principais indicações cirúrgicas foram estenose ileal (34,5%) e fístula anorretal (20,7%), sendo o procedimento mais frequente a enterectomia (24,1%). As cirurgias para recidiva foram mais comuns em procedimentos de urgência (OR 2,1; IC95% 1,6-6,6). O fenótipo de comportamento estenosante Montreal L1 (RR = 1,3; IC 95%: 1,0-1,8, p=0,04) e a doença perianal (RR 1,43; IC95% 1,2-1,7) aumentaram o risco de cirurgias de emergência. A regressão linear múltipla mostrou a idade ao diagnóstico como fator de risco para cirurgia (p=0,004). O estudo do tempo livre de cirurgia não mostrou diferença na curva de Kaplan Meier para a classificação Montreal (p=0,73). CONCLUSÕES: Os principais fatores de risco para intervenções cirúrgicas foram estenoses em doenças ileais e jejunais, idade ao diagnóstico, doença perianal e indicações de urgência.

Exposição ocupacional de auxiliares de enfermagem na iodoterapia durante 11 anos / Occupational exposure of nursing staff working with radioiodine therapy during 11 years

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a exposição ocupacional de auxiliares de enfermagem encarregados da assistência aos pacientes internados para terapia com 131I, num período de 11 anos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As situações de exposição foram classificadas de acordo com as respostas de três atendentes a um questionário que relaciona os procedimentos realizados às atividades administradas, às distâncias e aos tempos de permanência na enfermaria. Os registros das doses recebidas em dois tipos de dosímetros, em dois períodos subseqüentes, foram analisados. Em ambos os períodos os atendentes receberam instruções de proteção radiológica. RESULTADOS: Nas situações comuns o tempo de permanência na enfermaria está dentro do tempo de referência utilizado. Nas situações não-comuns, quando o paciente necessita de auxílio na locomoção, o tempo de exposição está acima do tempo de referência, no entanto, essa exposição ocorre somente uma ou duas vezes por ano. No período de 1993 a 1999 (filme dosimétrico) houve dez registros de doses, sendo todas ao nível de registro. No período de 2000 a 2003 (dosímetro termoluminescente) houve dez registros de doses, sendo uma delas situada no nível de investigação. Nesse período a atividade média utilizada duplicou. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi observado aumento significante nas doses dos atendentes.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at evaluating the occupational exposure of nursing staff in charge of inpatients undergoing 131I therapy during 11 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The exposure situations were classified according to a questionnaire answered by three nursing attendants, correlating the procedures with activities, distances and amount of time in the iodotherapy room. Records of received doses by two types of dosimeters were evaluated over two subsequent periods. In both periods the nursing attendants received instructions about radiological protection. RESULTS: In usual situations, their amount of time in the iodotherapy room was in compliance with the standard time established by the service. In unusual situations, where the patient needed assistance for mobility, the exposure period was above the standard. However, this exposure occurs casually (only one or two times a year). During the period between 1993 and 1999 (dosimetric films) there were ten dose records, all of them at record level. From 2000 to 2003 (thermoluminescent dosimeters) ten dose records were also obtained, with only one of them at the investigation level. During this study period, the mean 131I activity was doubled. CONCLUSION: Despite the increased levels of activity there was no significant increase in dose to nursing attendants.

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in an autonomously functioning nodule

The association of differentiated thyroid cancer and a functioning nodule is very low. We report on a case of papillary carcinoma in an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule in a 39 year-old female patient. The nodule extended to the whole right lobe and 131I scintigraphy has detected a "hot" nodule and a partial suppression of131I uptake in the left lobe. Serum TSH levels (RIA) were undetectable (<1.0µUI/mL), but total T3 (190ng/dL) and T4 (8.5µg/dL) were normal. The patient underwent a partial thyroidectomy and an adenomatous nodule was found with a small central nucleus (7mm) hosting a papillary carcinoma. Whole body scans detected only residual thyroid uptake and the patient was subsequently treated with 100mCi of 131I. The patient has been on replacement therapy with 150µg of L-thyroxine and free of tumor recurrence for 12 years after surgery. In conclusion: the present report confirms other published cases in which the presence of a hot thyroid nodule does not exclude the concomitance of a well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Síndrome de Marine-Lenhart: seguimento de caso por 23 anos / Marine-Lenhart syndrome: follow-up of case along 23 years

Introdução. A síndrome em estudo, descrita em 1911 por Marine e Lenhart, consiste em doença de Graves com nódulo funcionante (nódulo morno cintilográfico). Corresponde a 2,7 por cento dos casos de bócio difuso tóxico, é aceita como subdivisão desse hipertireoidismo em 1969. Relato do Caso. Paciente, 25 anos, feminina, foi atendida em 1983 com bócio difuso tóxico, exoftalmia à esquerda e nódulo no lobo tireiodiano esquerdo. Dosagens hormonais por radioimunoensaio mostraram T3 e T4 elevados, com TSH suprimido; cintilografia com I131 revelou aumento difuso com nódulo hipocaptante no lobo esquerdo; captação de 58 por cento em 24 horas. Foi tratada com propiltiouracil até 1986, quando foi reavaliada. Realizou-se teste de supressão com triiodotironina, que mostrou o mesmo aspecto cintilográfico, mas com captação de 22% em 24 horas. Em maio de 1987, optou-se por administrar 203,5 MBq (5,5 mCi) de I131 pela adesão irregular da paciente ao uso do antitireoidiano. Em maio de 1988, submeteu-se à craniotomia frontal bilateral para descomprimir a exoftalmia, que afetou ambos os olhos, realizou cintilografia com I131 com nódulo funcionante no lobo esquerdo com supressão total do tecido paranodular. Permaneceu eutireóidea até 1992, e o exame do material obtido por punção aspirativa por agulha fina revelou bócio adenomatoso. Nesse ano, engravidou e desenvolveu hipotireoidismo. Na reposição hormonal, empregou-se levotiroxina, usada irregularmente até 1995. A revisão à época mostrou ainda hipotireoidismo. Foi aumentada a dose de levotiroxina; nova avaliação com uso de punção por agulha fina levou ao diagnóstico de celularidade indicativa de tratamento com radioiodo. O acompanhamento subseqüente com dosagens hormonais, exames de material colhido em punção por agulha fina e avaliação clínica, constatou quadro de normalidade até 2006. Conclusões. O seguimento desse caso por 23 anos, com avaliação citológica de material obtido de punção aspirativa por agulha fina e outros exames...

Introduction. The reported syndrome refers to that described in 1911 by Marine and Lenhart and consists in the coexistence of Graves disease with a functional (hot) nodule. It occurs in 2,7 per cent of toxic diffuse goiter and was accepted as a subdivision of Graves disease in 1969. Case Report. A 25 year old woman developed toxic diffuse goiter with left exophtalm and a left lobe thyroidal nodule in 1983. Hormonal levels by radioimmuneassay showed increased T3 and T4 with suppressed TSH; 131I scintilography revealed diffuse growth with hypocaptating left lobe nodule, 58 per cent 24h uptake. Propiltiouracil was used until 1986 when a triiodotironin suppression test showed similar scintilographic aspect and decreased 24h uptake (22 per cent). In May 1987, because of irregular adherence to antithyroidal drug, application of 203,5 MBq (5,5 mCi) I131 was performed. In May 1988 the patient was submitted to bilateral frontal craniotomy to bilateral exophtalm decompression and another I131 scintilography showed a left lobe functional nodule with total suppression of paranodular tissues. She remained euthyroidal until 1992 and fine needle aspiration exam revealed adenomatous goiter. The patient got pregnant at that year and then developed hypothyroidism. Initiated irregular levothyroxin use until 1995, when mild hypothyroidism was still found. Levothyroxin dose was increased and a new fine needle aspiration exam showed radioiodine-treatment-compatible cellularity. Follow-up with fine needle aspiration, hormonal dosages and clinical evaluation was normal up to 2006. Conclusions. The 23 years follow-up with histopathological fine needle aspiration and other serial exams was adequate at this case. The remnant functional nodule showed neither autonomy nor malignization. The radioiodine-131 constitutes an adequate option for treatment.

Importância do 67-Ga na medicina interna / Role of 67 Ga in internal medicine

Os autores fazem breve revisäo das aplicaçöes do 67-Gálio (67-Ga) na medicina interna. Este traçador radioativo tem utilidade em 2 grupos de afecçöes: tumorais e inflamatórias. Os estudos podem ser desdobrados em três tipos. O primeiro, de segmentos do corpo, refere-se: 1. tórax: a. coraçäo, especialmente as miocardites, dentre as quais destaca-se a cardite reumática; b. pulmSes, onde pode investigar intercorrências da SIDA, tuberculose e doenças pulmonares intersticiais; 2. membros inferiores, com vistas ao diagnóstico de cura ou cronificaçäo da osteomielite, bem como de infecçöes em próteses ortopédicas; 3. abdômem, com vistas ao hepatocarcinoma. O segundo tipo, de estudos quantitativos, visa o diagnóstico mais subjetivo e monitoramento da resposta terapêutica. O terceiro, estudos de corpo inteiro, aborda processos tumorais (câncer de pulmäo, sarcomas de partes moles e linfomas) e inflamatórios (febre de origem obscura, formas extra-pulmonares de tuberculose e paracoccidioidomicose). Chamam atençäo para a informaçäo proporcionada (atividade ou näo de lesöes) e o seu emprego ainda limitado no nosso meio

Deposiçäo testicular de 99m Tc-MDP / 99m Tc-MDP deposition in the testis

Os autores apresentam um caso de deposiçäo de 99m Tc-MDP em testículos de paciente que havia sido submetido a orquiectomia terapêutica por adenocarcinoma de próstata há seis anos passados. Procedem breve revisäo da literatura e assinalam os mecanismos aventados para justificar o evento

Supercintilografia óssea em carcinoma pulmonar metastático: relato de caso / Super bone scan in metastatic lung carcinoma: report of case

Os autores relatam um caso de metástases ósseas de carcinoma pulmonar epidermóide que se apresentou como supercintolografia óssea. Efetua-se breve revisäo de literatura com ênfase especial para as causas e fisiopatologia deste evento cintilográfico. Postula-se o acompanhamento cintilográfico seqüencial como importante na caracterizaçäo das lesöes metastáticas

Paracoccidioidomicose infantil - relato de dois casos estudados por gálio-67 (67Ga) / Paracoccidioidomycosis in children - report of two cases studied with 67 Ga

Os autores relatam dois casos de paracoccidioidomicose em crianças com seis anos de idade, sexo masculino, portadoras da forma clínica subaguda (tipo juvenil). O primeiro caso mostrou envolvimento ganglionar generalizado e foi tratado com sulfonamida; as imagens seriadas com 67Ga permitiram acompanhamento até a inatividade da doença. O segundo, além de gânglios, teve envolvimento pulmonar e ósseo (clavícula), caracterizado pela cintilografia com 67Ga, com radiologia normal. As imagens com 67Ga têm utilidade para avaliar a extensão da micose, monitorar a resposta ao tratamento específico e como critério da sua inatividade.

Fluxo vascular periférico estudado por radioisótopos em diabéticos: experiência preliminar / Radioisotopes studies in peripheral blood flow of diabetic patients: preliminary experience

Os autores estudaram o fluxo vascular periférico com radioisótopos em 15 pacientes diabéticos, 9 do sexo masculino e 6 do feminino, com idade média de 61,2 anos, com sinais e sintomas de doença obstrutiva com duraçäo média de 16,5 anos de diabete. O estudo foi realizado através de injeçäo endovenosa de "bolus" de 20mCi(740MBq) de 99mTc-pertecnetato, que foi registrado por imagens sequenciais em Gama-Câmara com amplo campo de visäo durante os primeiros 60 segundos, seguida de aquisiçäo de imagens de equilíbrio em 10 pacientes; em 5 realizou-se cintilografía óssea trifásica com 99mTc-MDP (740MBq) e estudo com 67-Ga(55.5 MBq) em 1 paciente. A perfusäo esteve aumentada no segmento afetado em 14 dos 15 casos, o que foi atribuido ao desenvolvimento de circulaçäo colateral pela longa evoluçäo do diabetes, bem como a existência de "shunts" artério-venosos; detectou-se 2 casos de osteomielite e 1 de artrite séptica. Embora estes procedimentos sejam rotineiros na prática de Medicina Nuclear, näo säo utilizados mais extensivamente em nosso meio médico. Os autores enfatizam que a cintilografía óssea trifásica é o estudo mais conveniente com radionuclídeos porque: 1 - proporciona informaçöes sobre o fluxo periférico, 2 - dá informaçöes sobre doenças ósseas (como osteomielite e artrite séptica) que podem ocorrer no diabetes

Carcinoma medular da tireóide associado a bócio nodular autônomo: relato de caso / Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid associated with an autonomously functioning nodule: report of case

Os autores relatam caso de paciente feminina com 55 anos, que mostrou carcinoma medular da tireóide associado a bócio nodular autônomo compensado. Na evoluçao evidenciou metástase pulmonar iodocaptante, que se beneficiou do tratamento com 176mCi de 131-I. A despeito da raridade desta associaçao, sugerem que os nódulos quentes tenham conduta cirúrgica e que o tratamento com radioiodo seja considerado como alternativa nas metástases captantes.

Experiência em 12 casos de melanoma com anticorpos monoclonais / E in 12 cases of melanoma with monoclonal antibodies

Os autores apresentam o resultado do estudo cintilográfico em 12 pacientes com melanoma. Os 12 pacientes, oito do sexo masculino, sendo nove leucodermos e trêsfaiodermos, com idade média de 51,5 anos, portadores de melanoma em localizaçöes variáveis, foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I - cinco casos, para estadiamento; Grupo II - sete casos, para preservaçäo. O estduo cintilográfico foi realizado 2, 6, 10 e 24 horas após injeçäo endovenosa de 50mCi (1850 mBq) de 99mTC marcando anticorpos monoclonais antimelanoma (Tecnemab da Sorin). Os exames foram úteis na localizaçäo das lesöes de pele (5x), linfonodos (4x); ocular, cerebral e tecidos moles uma vez cada, independente da finalidade do estudo (estadiamento ou preservaçäo). Permitiu as seguintes conclusöes: 1 - pequenos gradientes de concentraçäo devem ser valorizados; 2 - é necessário o estudo de corpo inteiro sistematicamente; 3 - a rotina deve empregar um estduo precoce (2-4 horas) e um tardio (12-24 horas); 4 - há limitaçöes na detecçäo de metástases pulmonares.

Fístula bílio-brônquica diagnosticada por 99m Tc-DISIDA; relato de caso / Bronchobiliary fístula diagnosed by 99mTc-DISIDA; a case report

Relata-se o caso de uma fístula bílio-brônquica causada por disparo de arma de fogo que transfixou o fígado e o pulmäo direito. O estudo com 99m Tc-DISIDA evidenciou o trajeto fistuloso com nitidez, configurando a especificidade do método. A tosse provocada durante o exame melhorou a qualidade das imagens, adicionando-lhe maior sensibilidade. A revisäo da literatura e a apresentaçäo deste caso permitem colocar o procedimento como preferencial na investigaçäo de fístulas biliares