Prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease among HIV-infected people in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTBI) and past/current tuberculosis (TB) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons in Spain. DESIGN: Longitudinal study conducted between 2000 and 2003 at 10 HIV hospital-based clinics. Data were drawn from clinical records. Associations were measured using odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Of the 1242 persons who met the eligibility criteria, most were male (75%), aged <40 years (75%) and unemployed (40%). HIV infection occurred through intravenous drug use (53%), heterosexual sex (29%) and sex between men (16%). In the initial evaluation, 315 subjects had evidence of MTBI: 84 (6.8%) had a history of TB, 23 (1.8%) current TB and 208 (16.8%) latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). MTBI was associated with male sex, age 30-49 years, contact with a TB case, homelessness, poor education, and negatively with CD4 <100 cells/mm(3). Among subjects with MTBI, past/current TB was associated with retirement/disability (OR 6, 95%CI 1.6-22.5), CD4 <200 cells/mm(3) (OR 9.7, 95%CI 3.8-24.6), viral load >55,000 copies (OR 5.3, 95%CI 1.4-20.0), and negatively, with skilled work (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.1-1.0) or administrative/managerial/professional work (OR 0.05, 95%CI 0.01-0.4). CONCLUSION: Social context has an impact on the effectiveness of HIV and TB control programmes even in industrialised countries with free access to health care.

[The usefulness of the desensitization to rifampin in the treatment of mycobacterial disease in patients with AIDS]. / Utilidad de la desensibilización a rifampicina en el tratamiento de enfermedades producidas por micobacterias en pacientes con SIDA.

BACKGROUND: Hypersensitivity reactions to rifampin are relatively uncommon, but they may result in cessation of therapeutic medications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report our experience with oral desensitization protocol to rifampin in a group of 35 HIV-positive patients with mycobacterial disease who had some hypersensitivity reaction to this drug. RESULTS: Adverse reactions with this protocol were few and easily treated. CONCLUSIONS: Oral desensitization to rifampin is safe and effective, allowing some of these patients (60%) to reintroduce the drug and to reduce the time of treatment.

[Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and prolonged neutropenia]. / Administración de factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y neutropenia prolongada.

BACKGROUND: Persistent neutropenia is frequent in HIV infected patients with severe immunodeficiency. G-CSF induces proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte precursors. Our objective has been to assess the response to G-CSF therapy on patients with advanced HIV disease and prolonged neutropenia. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of databases containing demographic information, analytic controls and hospitalizations related to neutropenia for patients attending our Infectious Diseases Unit from December 1, 1992 to January 30, 98. The episodes with absolute neutrophil counts lower than 1,000 x 10(6)/l at least during 7 days which descend below 500 x 10(6)/l at any moment were included. RESULTS: 36 episodes were included. 9 episodes started on treatment with G-CSF. The median duration was 9 (3-76) weeks. Hospitalization with fever related to neutropenia was significantly less frequent in episodes which received G-CSF (22.2%) than episodes without (66.7%). CONCLUSION: In this study, a significantly lower risk of hospitalization due to fever and neutropenia was associated with administration of G-CSF in patients with absolute neutrophil counts lower than 500 x 10(6)/l.