A Three-Dimensional Study of Midfacial Changes Following Le Fort II Distraction With Zygomatic Repositioning in Syndromic Patients.

Le Fort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning introduced the ability to restore central midfacial height and convexity independent of changes in orbital morphology. This study analyzes midfacial and orbital morphology before and after Le Fort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning.All patients who underwent Le Fort II Distraction with zygomatic repositioning between 2013 and 2015 were included. Two- and 3-dimensional measurements were made using 3dMD Vultus software to assess canthal tilt, nasolabial angle, ratio of midfacial to lower facial height, and absolute change in nasal length. Presence of an open bite and Angle classification were assessed before and after surgery.Four patients underwent segmental midface advancement using Le Fort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning. Associated diagnoses included Apert syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome, and achondroplasia. Changes in facial dimensions included: 3.19° improvement in canthal tilt (range -4.7° to 8.4°), 9° change in nasolabial angle (range -1.0° to 19°), and 0.69 cm increase in absolute nasal length (range 0.2-0.94 cm). Mean ratio of midfacial to lower facial height was 0.79 preoperatively and 0.89 postoperatively. Preoperatively, all patients demonstrated Angle class III with 3 of 4 patients demonstrating anterior open bite. All achieved closure of open bite and demonstrated class I or II occlusion. No complications were observed.Le Fort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning resulted in normalization of midfacial soft tissue landmarks. This form of advancement demonstrates the ability to selectively improve midfacial height and canthal tilt while restoring normal occlusion.

Facial Danger Zones: Techniques to Maximize Safety during Soft-Tissue Filler Injections.

Given the short recovery and immediate results, facial fillers have become a popular alternative to surgical rejuvenation of the face. Reported complications arising from facial filler injections include erythema, tissue loss, blindness, stroke, and even death. In this article, the authors describe their anatomically based techniques to minimize risk and maximize safety when injecting in the facial danger zones, including the glabella/brow, temporal region, perioral region, nasolabial fold, nose, and infraorbital region. Complications generally arise secondary to vasculature injury and/or cannulation with filler. The authors have outlined their preferred injection techniques in the facial danger zones with respect to the pertinent anatomy in an attempt to minimize risk and maximize results. Most importantly, the practitioner should be able to recognize complications and address them immediately.

Preventing Soft-Tissue Triangle Collapse in Modern Rhinoplasty.

The unique anatomy of the soft-tissue triangle makes it prone to notching in primary, secondary, and reconstructive rhinoplasty. Understanding the anatomy of the region is critical to appropriate treatment. This article is meant to further clarify the anatomy of the soft-tissue triangle and to present the senior author's (R.J.R.) approach to proactive correction and prevention of soft-tissue triangle notching through five key steps: (1) precise dissection and incision placement, (2) providing internal support with cartilage grafting if needed, (3) closure of dead space, (4) avoiding undue tension during closure, and (5) providing external support postoperatively.

Anatomy of the Facial Danger Zones: Maximizing Safety during Soft-Tissue Filler Injections.

With limited downtime and immediate results, facial filler injections are becoming an ever more popular alternative to surgical rejuvenation of the face. The results, and the complications, can be impressive. To maximize safety during injections, the authors have outlined general injection principles followed by pertinent anatomy within six different facial danger zones. Bearing in mind the depth and the location of the vasculature within each zone, practitioners can tailor their injection techniques to prevent vessel injury and avoid cannulation.

Four-step medial thighplasty: refined and reproducible.

BACKGROUND: The medial thigh remains a troublesome region for body contouring in both the aging patient and in the massive weight loss patient. Liposuction-assisted medial thighplasty is the next step in the series of medial thigh contouring refinements to improve complications and outcomes. METHODS: Forty-five patients are presented who underwent medial thigh contouring with liposuction-assisted medial thighplasty. After anatomical analysis of the medial thigh, noting skin and fat redundancy, patients were selected for either an upper/inner medial thighplasty or an extended medial thighplasty. Operative markings, liposuction, and the excisional technique are presented with intraoperative video footage. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (64 percent) presented with aging thigh lipodystrophy, whereas 16 patients (36 percent) were massive weight loss lipodystrophy patients. The patients' ages ranged from 30 to 67 years, with 0.5 month to 9.5 years of follow-up. Liposuction evacuation volumes ranged from 175 to 1950 ml per thigh. Ten patients had minor wound breakdown, which healed with conservative wound care. CONCLUSIONS: Liposuction-assisted medial thighplasty is a safe, efficient, and reproducible procedure that should follow a four-step algorithm: (1) L-shaped anterior markings, (2) superwet infiltration, (3) circumferential combined superficial ultrasound-assisted/suction-assisted liposuction, and (4) predesigned and patterned skin excision and layered closure. It simplifies the markings and resection, and the procedure preserves the lymphatics and nerves, minimizes blood loss, and maintains the saphenous vein system to prevent skin loss and wound breakdown. It produces reliable and predictable results, with optimal outcomes. This technique offers another refinement in the evolution of medial thigh contouring.