Immediate impact of pharyngeal surgery on respiratory parameters in adults with obstructive sleep apnea.

PURPOSE: One of the concerns regarding surgical treatment of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been the possibility that these patients may experience a higher rate of perioperative complications, which could be aggravated by the upper airway edema caused by surgical trauma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate impact of pharyngeal surgery on the respiratory parameters of adult patients with OSAS. METHODS: Twenty-three adults with moderate to severe OSAS and indications for pharyngeal surgery (with or without nasal surgery) were consecutively selected. The subjects underwent surgical treatment and monitoring of sleep parameters preoperatively (by type I polysomnography, PSG) and in the immediate postoperative period (arterial tonometry). RESULTS: Twenty-two subjects, aged 20 to 59 years (mean ± SD, 38.0 ± 12.1 years), were included in the study. Nineteen (86.4%) were male. The mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 59.3 ± 26.0 events/h. Comparison between preoperative PSG and postoperative arterial tonometry revealed statistically significant reductions in AHI (p = 0.03), respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (p = 0.05), and oxygen desaturation index (p = 0.001), as well as increases in nadir oxyhemoglobin saturation (p = 0.003) and percentage of REM sleep (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of patients with moderate and severe OSAS who underwent pharyngeal surgery, the vast majority of patients did not exhibit any deterioration of respiratory parameters in the immediate postoperative period. Conversely, there was a significant improvement in the parameters.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux and dysphagia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: is there an association?

INTRODUCTION: There is evidence that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) tend to have a high prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and dysphagia. These diseases are known to share the same risk factors and may be interrelated, but there is a lack of studies evaluating their co-occurrence. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the presence of signs and symptoms suggestive of LPR may be associated with the presence of dysphagia in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as well as assess the additional impact of these diseases on quality of life in patients with OSA. METHODS: Seventy adult patients with moderate or severe OSA were included in the study. The RSI (Reflux Symptom Index) and Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) in dysphagia questionnaires were administered, laryngoscopy was performed to calculate the Reflux Finding Score (RFS), and fiber-optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) was conducted. RESULTS: The prevalence of LPR was 59.7%, and the prevalence of dysphagia was 27.3%. The association between LPR and dysphagia was present in 17.9% of patients, but with no statistically significant difference. Lower SWAL-QOL scores were observed in several domains in patients with LPR and in only one domain in patients with evidence of dysphagia on FEES. CONCLUSIONS: Although 17.9% of patients presented with findings suggestive of concomitant LPR and dysphagia, there was no statistically significant association between these two conditions. Patients with LPR had worse scores in several domains of dysphagia-related quality of life, while FEES evidence of dysphagia was associated with worse quality of life in only one domain.

A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on the Manifestations of Dysphagia in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

There is evidence in the literature demonstrating that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may present with dysphagia, but few studies have evaluated whether this complaint can be reversed with treatment of OSA. To assess whether findings of dysphagia in patients with OSA can be reversed with the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices. Seventy adult patients (age 18-70 years) with moderate or severe OSA were included in the study. All patients underwent fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and completed the SWAL-QOL questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia. Patients with visible abnormalities on FEES were treated with CPAP and reassessed after 3 months. The prevalence of dysphagia was 27.3% (18 patients). Premature spillage was the main finding. On comparison of groups with and without dysphagia, the SWAL-QOL score was significantly worse in the dysphagia group in domain 2 (eating duration and eating desire, p = 0.015), with no impact on overall score (p = 0.107). Of the 18 patients with dysphagia, 12 were started on CPAP; 11 exhibited satisfactory adherence and remained in the study. Abnormal FEES findings resolved in 81% (n = 9/11) of patients who started CPAP (p = 0.004), and dysphagia-specific quality of life also improved significantly (overall SWAL-QOL score, p = 0.028). In this sample of patients with OSA, the overall prevalence of dysphagia (as demonstrated by premature spillage on FEES) was 27.3%. Treatment of OSA with CPAP was able to reverse the endoscopic findings of swallowing dysfunction and to improve quality of life as measured by the SWAL-QOL.

Immediate and Medium-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Pharyngeal and Nasal Surgery: A Pilot Study.

Objectives To evaluate the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), comparing data from preoperative, immediate postoperative and late postoperative, in patients undergoing pharyngeal surgery associated with nasal surgery, and to compare the findings of arterial tonometry and type 1 polysomnography in the late postoperative period. Methods Seventeen adults with moderate or severe OSA were included in the study. They underwent clinical evaluation, surgical intervention, and sleep study preoperatively, on the 1 st night after surgery, and after a minimum period of 3 months. The data for the three moments were compared. Results The mean age was 38.1 ± 12.5 years old (22 to 59 years old), and 82.3% were male. Body mass index (BMI) ranged from 25.6 to 45.1 kg/m2 (mean = 33.1 ± 5.8 kg/m 2 ). Fifteen patients (88.2%) were diagnosed with severe OSA. There was a progressive improvement, with a decrease in the indexes (AHI and RDI) and in the percentage of time with peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation below 90% (tSpO < 90%), and an increase in nadir of SpO2. In the comparison between the 2 methods used in the late postoperative period - arterial tonometry and polysomnography - there was no difference in the indexes and in the tSpO < 90%. Discussion There was a progressive and favorable impact of pharyngeal surgery on the improvement of polysomnographic and clinical respiratory parameters; however, many patients maintained residual OSA, suggesting the need for a new sleep study in the postoperative period. The arterial tonometry showed similar findings to polysomnography, which can be considered as an option in postoperative follow-up of patients.

[Health-related quality of life of the children of health professionals]. / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de filhos de profissionais da área de saúde.

In this study, we measured the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and fatigue of the children of health professionals, aged between two and eleven years, and assessed the daytime and sleep habits of these children and their parents. The study included children from a public school. Data regarding demographics and daily habits were collected. The HRQOL, sleep habits and fatigue were measured using questionnaires. A total of 249 parents participated - 63.5% reported getting an adequate amount of sleep, while 47.4% woke up feeling tired. The children's mean age was 5.6 years - 62.2% watched television in their rooms, 50% used the computer (> 4 hours/day) and 27.8% engaged in extracurricular physical exercise. The sleep score was 45.8 ± 12.2. The HRQOL scores were higher in the physical and lower in the emotional aspects. We found that poorer sleep on the part of both children and parents may be related to the children's lower HRQOL. We conclude that the inadequate habits of parents as well as children, are related to a decrease in HRQOL, particularly regarding the emotional aspect.

Assessment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Population-Based Study.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate the presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and the potential association between presence of LPR symptoms and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a representative sample from a population-based study. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Participants of the follow-up of the Epidemiological Sleep Study were evaluated. Sleep was assessed through questionnaires and polysomnography. The presence of LPR was based on the questionnaire Reflux Score Index (RSI), and scores higher than 13 were suggestive of LPR. A general linear model test was used for comparison of continuous data and Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Predictors of LPR were obtained by regression analysis. RESULTS: 701 were enrolled (54.8% female, 45.2% male; mean age, 50.2 ± 13.3 years). The mean apnea-hypopnea index score was 17 ± 18.3 events/hr, and the mean RSI score was 7.0 ± 8.1. LPR was found in 17% of the volunteers, whereas OSA was present in 38.5% of the sample. Specifically, in those patients with OSA, the prevalence of LPR was 45.4%; however, there was no statistically significant association between LPR and the presence of OSA. The severity of OSA was not associated with RSI score. The presence of LPR was associated with older age, smoking, excessive daytime sleepiness and worse quality of life and sleep scores questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: Age, smoking, but not body mass index, were associated with LPR. There was not statistically significant association of LPR with OSA. Individuals with symptoms of LPR had greater drowsiness and worse quality of life and sleep. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 132:1877-1882, 2022.

Dysphagia in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea.

INTRODUCTION: There is evidence that trauma caused by snoring in the pharynx could result in dysphagia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, but the literature is still scarce to define the factors associated with the presence of dysphagia in these patients. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the occurrence of dysphagia and its clinical and polysomnographic features in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea, in addition to verifying the impact of dysphagia on the quality of life of these patients. METHODS: Seventy patients with moderate or severe apnea (apnea and hypopnea index - AHI>15/hour) were selected. The patients underwent a sleep questionnaire, a quality of life in dysphagia questionnaire and a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. RESULTS: A total of 70 patients were included in the study, of which 49 were men (70 %), with a mean age of 48.9 years. The fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing was altered in 27.3 % and the most frequent alteration was the premature oral leakage with fluid. Comparing the groups with and without dysphagia, the female gender was the only clinical parameter that showed a trend of statistical significance in the group with dysphagia (p=0.069). There was no statistical difference regarding the polysomnographic features and in the global quality of life score in dysphagia in the comparison between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of dysphagia in patients with moderate to severe apnea is frequent and subclinical, reinforcing the need to investigate this symptom in this group of patients. However, the presence of dysphagia did not result in worsening in patients' quality of life, suggesting that, although frequent, its effect is mild. There was no relevance regarding the association of clinical and polysomnographic parameters with the presence of dysphagia.

Clinical and polysomnographic predictors of laryngopharyngeal reflux in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and laryngopharyngeal reflux are diseases with a high prevalence in the overall population; however, it remains unclear whether they are diseases with the same risk factors present in the same populations or if there is any association between them. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and determine the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with moderate and severe obstructive apnea syndrome and also to determine its predictive factors. METHODS: Historical cohort, cross-sectional study of patients aged 18-70 years, referred to a tertiary service Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic with a polysomnographic diagnosis of moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The reflux symptom index questionnaire and the reflux finding score at indirect videolaryngoscopy were applied to the assessed population, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were evaluated, of which 64.3% had a positive laryngopharyngeal reflux (positive reflux symptom index and/or positive endolaryngeal reflux finding score). Body mass index was a predictor of reflux presence in this group of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In patients with positive score for endoscopic findings and reflux symptom index (12.3%), there was a trend toward significance for a higher mean apnea-hypopnea index and a higher percentage of sleep time with oxyhemoglobin saturation below 90% (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux was higher in this group of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and the body mass index was a predictor of laryngopharyngeal reflux in these patients. There was a trend toward greater oxyhemoglobin desaturation in patients with a positive score for reflux symptoms index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS).

Resection of the ethmoidal crest in sphenopalatine artery surgery.

BACKGROUND: In severe cases of epistaxis, in spite of several procedures described in the literature for its management, surgical treatment has been recognized by most authors as 1 of the most effective, especially when it includes ligation and/or electrocoagulation of the nasal branches of the sphenopalatine artery. The objective of this study is to determine the importance of ethmoid crest resection during sphenopalatine artery surgery, in the management of severe epistaxis. METHODS: We report a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, in which intervention was the ethmoid crest resection during electrocoagulation of the sphenopalatine artery. The study participants consisted of 42 patients with severe epistaxis and indication for surgical treatment, treated at the Otorhinolaryngology Emergency Room (ORL ER) of Hospital Sao Paulo, the teaching hospital of the Federal University of Sao Paulo. RESULTS: There was significant greater exposure of the arterial branch after removal of the ethmoidal crest (p = 0.009). The rate of bleeding within 48 hours of the procedure was significantly lower in the crest removal group. CONCLUSION: Resection of the ethmoid crest during sphenopalatine surgery proved to be feasible without additional risks, including promoting decrease in the overall surgical time. It provided better exposure of arterial branches of the sphenopalatine foramen, leading to a lower rebleeding rate within 48 hours.

Rhinitis and pregnancy: literature review.

INTRODUCTION: There is a controversy concerning the terminology and definition of rhinitis in pregnancy. Gestational rhinitis is a relatively common condition, which has drawn increasing interest in recent years due to a possible association with maternal obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and unfavorable fetal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To review the current knowledge on gestational rhinitis, and to assess its evidence. METHODS: Structured literature search. RESULTS: Gestational rhinitis and rhinitis "during pregnancy" are somewhat similar conditions regarding their physiopathology and treatment, but differ regarding definition and prognosis. Hormonal changes have a presumed etiological role, but knowledge about the physiopathology of gestational rhinitis is still lacking. Management of rhinitis during pregnancy focuses on the minimal intervention required for symptom relief. CONCLUSION: As it has a great impact on maternal quality of life, both the otorhinolaryngologist and the obstetrician must be careful concerning the early diagnosis and treatment of gestational rhinitis, considering the safety of treatment measures and drugs and their current level of evidence.

Olfaction disorders: retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: The smell, subjective phenomenon of great importance, is poorly understood and studied in humans. Physicians with more knowledge about smell disorders tend to consider the phenomenon important and to better manage the diagnosis and its treatment. AIMS: First to describe a sample of patients presenting with main complaint of disturbances of smell. And second, to show our experience on management and treatment of this disease. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample description and assessment of treatment response in patients with main complaint of hyposmia or anosmia from January 2005 to October 2011. RESULTS: From 38 patients presented with main complaint of an olfactory disorder, 68.4% of the patients were presented with hyposmia and 31,5% with anosmia, with a mean duration of 30.8 months. The main etiologic diagnoses were idiopathic (31.5%), rhinitis (28.9%) and CRS with polyps (10.5%). Responses to treatment with topical steroids and alpha-lipoic acid were variable, as well as in the literature. CONCLUSION: Greater importance should be given to disorders of smell in practice of otolaryngologists, since its large differential diagnosis and the fact that could increase morbidity to patients, impacting on their quality of life.

Clinical and polysomnographic predictors of laryngopharyngeal reflux in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / Avaliação do refluxo laringofaríngeo na síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono

Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and laryngopharyngeal reflux are diseases with a high prevalence in the overall population; however, it remains unclear whether they are diseases with the same risk factors present in the same populations or if there is any association between them. Objectives To evaluate and determine the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with moderate and severe obstructive apnea syndrome and also to determine its predictive factors. Methods Historical cohort, cross-sectional study of patients aged 18-70 years, referred to a tertiary service Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic with a polysomnographic diagnosis of moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The reflux symptom index questionnaire and the reflux finding score at indirect videolaryngoscopy were applied to the assessed population, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Fifty-six patients were evaluated, of which 64.3% had a positive laryngopharyngeal reflux (positive reflux symptom index and/or positive endolaryngeal reflux finding score). Body mass index was a predictor of reflux presence in this group of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In patients with positive score for endoscopic findings and reflux symptom index (12.3%), there was a trend toward significance for a higher mean apnea-hypopnea index and a higher percentage of sleep time with oxyhemoglobin saturation below 90% (p = 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux was higher in this group of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and the body mass index was a predictor of laryngopharyngeal reflux in these patients. There was a trend toward greater oxyhemoglobin desaturation in patients with a positive score for reflux symptoms index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS).

Resumo Introdução A síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono e o refluxo laringofaríngeo são doenças com alta prevalência na população em geral. No entanto, ainda não está claro se são doenças com os mesmos fatores de risco presentes nas mesmas populações ou se há alguma relação entre elas. Objetivo Avaliar e determinar a prevalência de refluxo laringofaríngeo em pacientes com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva moderada e acentuada, bem como determinar os fatores preditivos de refluxo nesses pacientes. Método Estudo de coorte histórica com corte transversal de pacientes entre 18 e 70 anos, encaminhados a um ambulatório de Otorrinolaringologia em serviço terciário, com diagnóstico polissonográfico de síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono moderada ou acentuada. Foram aplicados o questionário Reflux Sympton Index e o escore de achados endolaríngeos por meio de videolaringoscopia indireta na população estudada, respeitando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados Foram avaliados 56 pacientes, dos quais 64,3% apresentaram refluxo laringofaríngeo (Reflux Sympton Index positivo e/ou Reflux Finding Score positivo). O índice de massa corpórea foi fator preditor da presença de refluxo laringofaríngeo nesse grupo de pacientes com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono moderada e acentuada. Nos pacientes cujos Reflux Sympton Index e o escore de achados endolaríngeos foram positivos (12,3%), houve uma tendência à significância para maior índice de apneia e hipopneia e maior porcentagem do tempo de sono com saturação de oxi-hemoglobina abaixo de 90% (p = 0,05). Conclusão A prevalência de refluxo laringofaríngeo foi alta nesse grupo de pacientes com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono moderada e acentuada e o índice de massa corpórea foi fator preditor de refluxo nesses pacientes. Houve uma tendência a maior dessaturacão de oxi-hemoglobina em pacientes com "índice de sintomas de refluxo" e escore de achados endolaríngeos positivos.

Evolution of endoscopic surgery in the treatment of inverted papilloma.

UNLABELLED: Inverted papilloma (IP) has several treatment avenues. The endoscopic approach in the last decade has proven to be a good option over the traditional approach. OBJECTIVE: Describe the epidemiological profile of patients with inverted Papilloma, describe our experience on managing this tumor and compare our data with the literature. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, historical cohort. METHOD: Retrospective study of medical records of 17 patients treated for histopathologicallyconfirmed inverted papilloma between 2005 and 2011. We assessed patients age, gender, tumor side, symptoms, diagnosis, comorbidities and habits, Krouse staging, surgical approach, intraoperative and postoperative, and malignant postoperative recurrence and also the correlation between recurrence with preoperative staging, the surgical approach used, and the presence of malignancy. RESULTS: Five (29.41%) patients were classified as Krouse stage T2, 9 (52.94%) as T3 and 3 (17.65%) as T4. Three (17.65%) patients had malignancy and the recurrence rate was 23.5% (4 pacients). Eleven patients (64.70%) underwent endoscopic approach, 3 (17.6%) the combined aprroach (endoscopic assisted) and 3 (17.6%) external approach. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic approach is currently becoming a method not only effective but also safe for the treatment of more advanced stages of IP.

Rhinitis and pregnancy: literature review / Rinite na gestação: revisão de literatura

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: There is a controversy concerning the terminology and definition of rhinitis in pregnancy. Gestational rhinitis is a relatively common condition, which has drawn increasing interest in recent years due to a possible association with maternal obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and unfavorable fetal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To review the current knowledge on gestacional rhinitis, and to assess its evidence. METHODS: Structured literature search. RESULTS: Gestational rhinitis and rhinitis "during pregnancy" are somewhat similar conditions regarding their physiopathology and treatment, but differ regarding definition and prognosis. Hormonal changes have a presumed etiological role, but knowledge about the physiopathology of gestational rhinitis is still lacking. Management of rhinitis during pregnancy focuses on the minimal intervention required for symptom relief. CONCLUSION: As it has a great impact on maternal quality of life, both the otorhinolaryngologist and the obstetrician must be careful concerning the early diagnosis and treatment of gestational rhinitis, considering the safety of treatment measures and drugs and their current level of evidence.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Há grande confusão quanto à terminologia e definição da rinite na gestação. A rinite gestacional é uma condição relativamente comum que vem ganhando importância nos últimos anos pela descoberta de sua associação com a SAOS materna e possíveis desfechos desfavoráveis ao feto. Há pouca evidência na literatura nacional sobre o tema. OBJETIVO: Revisar o conhecimento científico atual sobre a rinite na gestação e suas evidências disponíveis. MÉTODO: Revisão de literatura estruturada. RESULTADOS: A rinite gestacional e a rinite "durante a gestação" são condições com alguns pontos de fisiopatologia e tratamento semelhantes, mas com definições e prognósticos diferentes. O papel dos hormônios nessas condições vem sendo sugerido por muitos trabalhos, mas o conhecimento sobre a fisiopatogenia da rinite gestacional ainda é escasso. O manejo da rinite na gestação requer o mínimo de intervenção com o maior alívio sintomático possível. CONCLUSÃO: Dado o grande impacto na qualidade de vida da gestante, tanto o otorrinolaringologista quanto o obstetra devem estar atentos para o diagnóstico precoce e manejo desta entidade, considerando o perfil de segurança e o nível de evidência das medidas e medicamentos disponíveis atualmente.

Disturbios da olfacao: estudo retrospectivo / Olfaction disorders: retrospective study

Introdução: O olfato, fenômeno subjetivo de grande importância, é pouco compreendido e estudado no ser humano. Médicos com maior conhecimento sobre os distúrbios desse sentido tendem a considerar a doença mais importante e manejar melhor o diagnóstico e o tratamento. Objetivo: Descrever a amostra dos pacientes com queixa principal de distúrbios do olfato e mostrar a experiência do serviço no manejo e tratamento. Delineamento: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte histórica com corte transversal. Materiais e métodos: Descrição da amostra e avaliação de resposta ao tratamento de pacientes com queixa principal de hiposmia ou anosmia atendidos no ambulatório de Rinologia no período de janeiro de 2005 a outubro de 2011. Resultados: Dos 38 pacientes com distúrbio da olfação, 68,4% dos pacientes apresentaram queixa de hiposmia e 31,5% de anosmia, com duração média de 30,8 meses. Os diagnósticos etiológicos principais foram idiopática (31,5%), rinopatia alérgica (28,9%) e RSC com pólipos (10,5%). As respostas ao tratamento com corticosteroide tópico e ácido alfa-lipoico foram variáveis, assim como na literatura. Conclusão: Maior importância deve ser dada aos distúrbios do olfato na prática do otorrinolaringologista, uma vez que o diagnóstico diferencial é amplo e pode trazer grande morbidade ao paciente, com impacto na sua qualidade de vida. .

Introduction: The smell, subjective phenomenon of great importance, is poorly understood and studied in humans. Physicians with more knowledge about smell disorders tend to consider the phenomenon important and to better manage the diagnosis and its treatment. Aims: First to describe a sample of patients presenting with main complaint of disturbances of smell. And second, to show our experience on management and treatment of this disease. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional cohort study. Materials and methods: Sample description and assessment of treatment response in patients with main complaint of hyposmia or anosmia from January 2005 to October 2011. Results: From 38 patients presented with main complaint of an olfactory disorder, 68.4% of the patients were presented with hyposmia and 31,5% with anosmia, with a mean duration of 30.8 months. The main etiologic diagnoses were idiopathic (31.5%), rhinitis (28.9%) and CRS with polyps (10.5%). Responses to treatment with topical steroids and alpha-lipoic acid were variable, as well as in the literature. Conclusion: Greater importance should be given to disorders of smell in practice of otolaryngologists, since its large differential diagnosis and the fact that could increase morbidity to patients, impacting on their quality of life. .

A evolução da cirurgia endoscópica no tratamento do papiloma invertido / Evolution of endoscopic surgery in the treatment of inverted papilloma

O papiloma invertido (PI) apresenta diversos tipos de tratamento cirúrgico. A abordagem endoscópica exclusiva tem se mostrado na última década como boa opção em relação à abordagem externa. OBJETIVO: Descrever a amostra dos pacientes com diagnóstico de papiloma invertido, mostrar a experiência do serviço no manejo do tumor e comparar os dados com os da literatura. Forma do Estudo: Estudo de coorte histórica com corte transversal. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários de 17 pacientes operados em um serviço de Rinologia entre 2005 e 2011. Foram avaliados perfil epidemiológico, estadiamento de Krouse, via de acesso cirúrgico, malignização e recorrência pós-operatória e a correlação entre recidivas e estadiamento pré-operatório, via de acesso cirúrgico e malignização. RESULTADOS: Cinco (29,41%) dos pacientes foram classificados como estádio T2 de Krouse, nove (52,94%) como T3 e três (17,65%) como T4. Três (17,65%) pacientes apresentaram malignização e quatro (23,5%) recidiva. Onze pacientes (64,70%) foram submetidos à via endoscópica exclusiva, três (17,6%)à via combinada e três (17,6%) à via aberta. CONCLUSÃO: O acesso endoscópico exclusivo atualmente é um método não só eficaz como também seguro para o tratamento dos estádios mais avançados do PI.

Inverted papilloma (IP) has several treatment avenues. The endoscopic approach in the last decade has proven to be a good option over the traditional approach. OBJECTIVE: Describe the epidemiological profile of patients with inverted Papilloma, describe our experience on managing this tumor and compare our data with the literature. Study Design: Cross-sectional, historical cohort. METHOD: Retrospective study of medical records of 17 patients treated for histopathologicallyconfirmed inverted papilloma between 2005 and 2011. We assessed patients age, gender, tumor side, symptoms, diagnosis, comorbidities and habits, Krouse staging, surgical approach, intraoperative and postoperative, and malignant postoperative recurrence and also the correlation between recurrence with preoperative staging, the surgical approach used, and the presence of malignancy. RESULTS: Five (29.41%) patients were classified as Krouse stage T2, 9 (52.94%) as T3 and 3 (17.65%) as T4. Three (17.65%) patients had malignancy and the recurrence rate was 23.5% (4 pacients). Eleven patients (64.70%) underwent endoscopic approach, 3 (17.6%) the combined aprroach (endoscopic assisted) and 3 (17.6%) external approach. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic approach is currently becoming a method not only effective but also safe for the treatment of more advanced stages of IP.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de filhos de profissionais da área de saúde / Health-related quality of life of the children of health professionals / Calidad de vida relacionada a la salud de los hijos de profesionales del área de salud

Neste estudo mensuramos a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) e a fadiga de filhos de profissionais da área da saúde, com idades entre 2 e 11 anos, e avaliamos os hábitos diários e o sono dessas crianças e dos respectivos pais. Foram incluídas no estudo crianças de uma escola pública. Dados demográficos e dados de hábitos diários foram colhidos. A QVRS, o sono e a fadiga foram mensurados por questionários. Participaram 249 pais - 63,5% referiram sono adequado e 47,4% acordavam cansados. A média da idade das crianças foi 5,6 anos - 62,2% assistiam televisão no quarto, 50% usavam computador (> 4 horas/dia) e 27,8% faziam atividades físicas extracurriculares. O escore do sono foi de 45,8 ± 12,2. Os escores de QVRS foram mais elevados no aspecto físico e mais baixos no emocional. Detectamos que o sono de pior qualidade dos filhos e dos pais pode estar relacionado à pior QVRS dos filhos. Concluímos que os hábitos inadequados dos pais, bem como das crianças, estão relacionados a uma diminuição da QVRS dos filhos, especialmente no aspecto emocional.

In this study, we measured the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and fatigue of the children of health professionals, aged between two and eleven years, and assessed the daytime and sleep habits of these children and their parents. The study included children from a public school. Data regarding demographics and daily habits were collected. The HRQOL, sleep habits and fatigue were measured using questionnaires. A total of 249 parents participated - 63.5% reported getting an adequate amount of sleep, while 47.4% woke up feeling tired. The children's mean age was 5.6 years - 62.2% watched television in their rooms, 50% used the computer (> 4 hours/day) and 27.8% engaged in extracurricular physical exercise. The sleep score was 45.8 ± 12.2. The HRQOL scores were higher in the physical and lower in the emotional aspects. We found that poorer sleep on the part of both children and parents may be related to the children's lower HRQOL. We conclude that the inadequate habits of parents as well as children, are related to a decrease in HRQOL, particularly regarding the emotional aspect.

Se mensuró la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (QVRS), fatiga y se evaluaron hábitos diarios y de sueño de hijos de profesionales del área de salud, con entre 2 y 11 años de edad, y sus padres. Recolectados datos demográficos y de hábitos diarios. La QVRS, sueño y fatiga se midieron mediante cuestionarios. Participaron 249 padres, 63,5% refirió sueño adecuado, 47,4% despertaba cansado. Media etaria de niños de 5,6 años; 62,2% veían televisión en su cuarto, 50% utilizaba computador (>4 horas diarias), 27,8% realizaba actividad física extracurricular. Su puntaje de sueño fue 45,8 ± 12,2. Puntajes de QVRS más elevados en aspecto físico y menores en aspecto emocional. El sueño de peor calidad de padres e hijos puede relacionarse con peor QVRS de los hijos. Concluimos en que los hábitos inadecuados de padres e hijos se relacionan con una disminución de la QVRS de los hijos, particularmente en el aspecto emocional.