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PURPOSE: Different kinds of bone preserving hip stems have been created to assure a more physiological distribution of the strengths on the femur. The aim of this research is to evaluate the density reaction of the periprosthetic bone while changing the conformation of the prosthetic implant on dual-energy X-ray - absorptiometry (DXA). METHODS: This is a prospective, single-centre study assessing bone remodelling changes after implantation of two short hip stems, dividing the patients in two groups according to the implant used: 20 in group A, Metha (B-Braun), and 16 in group B, SMF (Smith and Nephew). All participants had a pre-operative and a post-operative (24 months) DXA evaluating the changes in bone mass density (BMD) occurred in the five Gruen's zones. RESULTS: Compared to the pre-operative value, differences in BMD percentage were statistically significant only in ROI 4 (p < 0.05), with an increase in both groups (9 and 18%, respectively). The average increase in BMD was of 7.3% and 7.2% in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: According to our study, both stems have proved able to provide good load distribution across the metaphyseal region favouring proper system integration. Nonetheless, is certainly needed to perform other studies with longer follow-up and bigger populations to give strength to these conclusions.
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Artroplastia de Quadril , Prótese de Quadril , Absorciometria de Fóton , Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Densidade Óssea , Remodelação Óssea , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Fêmur/cirurgia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Raios XRESUMO
Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a rare form of intraoperative pulmonary embolism (EP) that occurs during cementation. It can be explained by two main theories: the monomer mediated model and the mechanic model. Our goal is to evaluate thromboelastographic changes in patients undergoing surgery for femoral neck fractures. We recruited 32 patients with a femoral neck fracture. The average age was 81.91 years (range 62-95). The patients were divided in two different groups: cemented hip arthroplasty (CC, 13 patients) and other surgical non-cemented techniques (SC, non-cemented hip arthroplasty, osteosynthesis). The coagulation was evaluated by TEG in the early pre-operatory (time A) and post-operatory (time B), both on native blood and on blood added with Heparinase. We used the t-test to compare the differences between the two groups. The coagulation index CI was modified on hypercoagulability by surgery in both groups, but without statistical significance between the two groups (p>0.05). R parameter decreases between time A and time B in the same way in both groups (p>0.05). Parameter MA had no major variations between time A and B, without statistical significance (p>0.05). From our study it is evident that although the surgery would result in a change in the layout of the TEG toward hypercoagulability, this is similar both in cemented and non-cemented surgical interventions for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. An altered coagulation does not appear to be the cause or a factor in determining the BCIS.
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BACKGROUND: Papillary (PTC) and medullary (MTC) thyroid carcinomas represent two distinct entities, but quite frequently, they may occur simultaneously. AIM: To provide genetic analysis of PTC and MTC occurring in the same patient (PTC/MTC) to elucidate their origin. METHODS: Sequencing analysis of RAS, BRAF and RET oncogenes hot spots mutations in tumoral and normal tissues of 24 PTC/MTC patients. RESULTS: Two of 24 patients (8.3 %) were affected by familial MTC (FMTC) harboring RET germline mutations in all tissues. Eight of 22 (36.4 %) sporadic cases did not show any somatic mutation in the three tissue components. Considering the MTC component, 10/22 (45.4 %) patients did not show any somatic mutation, 7 of 22 (31.8 %) harbored the M918T RET somatic mutation and 4/22 (18.2 %) presented mutations in the H-RAS gene. In an additional case (1/22, 4.6 %), H-RAS and RET mutations were simultaneously present. Considering the PTC component, 1 of 24 (4.2 %) patients harbored the V600E BRAF mutation, 1 of 24 (4.2 %) the T58A H-RAS mutation and 1 of 24 (4.2 %) the M1T K-RAS mutation, while the remaining PTC cases did not show any somatic mutation. In one case, the MTC harbored a RET mutation and the PTC a BRAF mutation. None of the mutations found were present in both tumors. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing a possible involvement of RET, BRAF and RAS oncogene mutations in PTC/MTC. These data clearly suggest that the classical activating mutations of the oncogenes commonly involved in the pathogenesis of PTC and MTC may not be responsible for their simultaneous occurrence.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma Medular/genética , Carcinoma Papilar/genética , Mutação Puntual/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-ret/genética , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/genética , Proteínas ras/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
UNLABELLED: This randomized and controlled study evaluated the effect of therapy with strontium ranelate on callus formation in wrist fractures and its incidence in wrist recovery. Radiographic healing, progression of clinical recovery, and callus quality with ultrasound were evaluated. No statistically significant benefit of therapy was found. INTRODUCTION: Fracture prevention is the main goal of any therapy for osteoporosis. Various drugs used in osteoporosis treatment have the theoretical premises to promote fracture healing and osseointegration. In this study, the effect of strontium ranelate on callus formation in wrist fractures was evaluated and whether it could lead to clinically relevant modification of wrist recovery; having strontium ranelate osteoinductive properties, it could be used, if effective, as an adjunct in fracture healing for a faster and functionally better recovery and, at the same time, in starting proper therapy in osteoporotic patients with fragility fractures. METHODS: We considered only patients older than 60 years who had suffered wrist fracture and received nonoperative treatment with manual reduction of the fracture and cast for 35 days. Forty patients were included and randomly assigned to one of two groups: group A [patients treated with calcium (1200 mg/day) and vitamin D (800 IU/day)] and group B [patients treated with calcium (1200 mg/day) and vitamin D (800 IU/day) associated with strontium ranelate 2 g daily]. Radiographic healing was evaluated through the bone callus formation, cortical continuity, and density of the callus. A clinical evaluation using Castaing's criteria was carried out 2 and 3 months following the fracture together with an ultrasound study of callus density and vessels. RESULTS: A parametric analysis of the X-ray data, clinical evaluation, and ultrasonography results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the two groups (p > 0.05 for all data). CONCLUSION: In analyzing the data obtained, we concluded that strontium ranelate administered in acute phase did not improve nor accelerate wrist fracture healing in our population.
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Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Consolidação da Fratura/efeitos dos fármacos , Fraturas por Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Traumatismos do Punho/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Calo Ósseo/diagnóstico por imagem , Calo Ósseo/efeitos dos fármacos , Moldes Cirúrgicos , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Feminino , Fixação de Fratura/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fraturas por Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia , Traumatismos do Punho/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is now considered the standard of care by many centers in the treatment of both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a neoadjuvant CRT protocol, as regards pathological complete response (pCR) rate and long-term survival. METHODS: From 2003 to 2011, at Upper G.I. Surgery Division of Verona University, 155 consecutive patients with locally advanced esophageal cancers (90 SCC, 65 adenocarcinoma) were treated with a single protocol of neoadjuvant CRT (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil with 50.4 Gy of concurrent radiotherapy). Response to CRT was evaluated through percentage of pathological complete response (pCR or ypT0N0), overall (OS) and disease-related survival (DRS), and pattern of relapse. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one patients (84.5 %) underwent surgery. Radical resection (R0) was achieved in 123 patients (79.3 %), and pCR in 65 (41.9 %). Postoperative mortality was 0.7 % (one case). Five-year OS and DRS were respectively 43 and 49 % in the entire cohort, 52 and 59 % in R0 cases, and 72 and 81 % in pCR cases. Survival did not significantly differ between SCC and adenocarcinoma, except for pCR cases. Forty-nine patients suffered from relapse, which was mainly systemic in adenocarcinoma. Only three out of 26 pCR patients with previous adenocarcinoma developed relapse, always systemic. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that patients treated with the present protocol achieve good survival and high pCR rate. Further research is necessary to evaluate whether surgery on demand is feasible in selected patients, such as pCR patients with adenocarcinoma.
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Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Docetaxel , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Esofagectomia , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Hospitais com Alto Volume de Atendimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasia Residual , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Taxa de Sobrevida , Taxoides/administração & dosagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It is not clear whether the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a distinct entity or a combination of risk factors. Several studies showed the association between MetS and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Subclinical target organ damage (TOD) is a recognized marker of atherosclerosis and predictor of cardiovascular events. Increased burden of subclinical atherosclerosis was detected in individuals with MetS. We thus aimed to examine the association between MetS and cumulative or specific TOD and to assess whether MetS predicts TOD better than the risk factors included in current definitions. METHODS AND RESULTS: We recorded TOD in 979 patients at intermediate cardiovascular risk with and without MetS according to IDF and NCEP criteria. We measured common carotid intima-media thickness, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), and ankle-brachial index. We found no correlation between having at least one TOD and being positive for MetS. A high UACR was associated with MetS using both IDF and NCEP criteria, while only NCEP identified individuals with increased LVMI. Using a multivariate logistic regression model including MetS, age, sex, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and blood glucose levels we found no correlations between the presence of MetS and at least one TOD. The associations with high UACR and LVMI disappeared when age, blood pressure and glycemia were counted in. CONCLUSION: Although MetS showed some relation with subclinical renal and cardiac damage, it does not predict TOD any better than the risk factors specified in the definitions.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Albuminúria/etiologia , Albuminúria/fisiopatologia , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Pressão Sanguínea , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Creatinina/urina , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Arterial Periférica/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/fisiopatologia , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
The authors present the case report of effective conservative treatment in a patient with spontaneous, self-limiting, non-atherosclerotic dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) without fixed obstruction of the vessel lumen and signs of intestinal ischemia. Treatment with both anti-coagulant and anti-hypertensive agents succeeded in limiting the progression of intimal dissection and in preventing the potential dramatic sequelae of this rare clinical condition. Conservative treatment of spontaneous SMA dissection may be an alternative to surgery, if residual blood flow is maintained.
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Artéria Mesentérica Superior , Doenças Vasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Seleção de PacientesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The treatment of tibial pilon fractures is a surgical challenge due to the particular anatomical and vascular characteristics of this area, and the severity of the injury that can compromise soft tissues. Nowadays there is no gold-standard treatment for these fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 75 patients with tibial pilon fracture type C (AO classification) treated with hybrid external fixation (Stryker TenXor®). The surgical technique was reported. We evaluated clinical (Tornetta's score, VAS score, range of motion) and radiographic outcomes. RESULTS: In 71 cases, the first surgical treatment was definitive. Instead, in four cases, it was necessary a second surgical procedure to achieve fracture healing. We obtained 44% excellent, 40% good, 7% discrete, and 9% bad results. We found a 30% of superficial infections of the pin site, resolved with oral antibiotic treatment (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid). We never had deep infections, no neurovascular injury, and no cases of secondary amputation. Although not statistically significant, we noticed a correlation between longer recovery times and trauma severity, with slower recovery in open or grade III fractures or when associated with other fractures. CONCLUSIONS: According to the recent literature, we think that the best treatment for non-articular fracture is the internal osteosynthesis within 6 h or after 6 days from trauma. In articular fractures, the elective treatment is the two-step management. In complicated articular fractures (Tscherne > 2, open, comminuted type III) is highly indicated the external fixation combined with minimal internal synthesis.
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Fixadores Externos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Fraturas da Tíbia/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Pinos Ortopédicos/efeitos adversos , Fios Ortopédicos , Feminino , Consolidação da Fratura , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Reoperação , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/tratamento farmacológico , Fraturas da Tíbia/classificação , Fraturas da Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of infections in MoM total hip replacement revisions and to propose a therapeutic algorithm that can reduce the onset of this complication. Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most successful procedures performed annually in the world. As the population ages, the number of primary arthroplasty procedures performed each year is rising in conjunction with an increasing revision burden. Metal on Metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasties were reintroduced in over the last fifteen years to meet these needs, larger diameters, improved lubrication, better stability, increased ROM and wear properties of the bearing couple. These advantageous features have led to an exponential diffusion of MoM. Since over last decade, it has become evident that hip replacements with MoM bearing have significantly higher revision rates compared to those with Metal on Polyethylene. The common pathway for this failure mode appears to be increased wear or corrosion with excessive release of metal ions and nanoparticles. Complications such as elevated serum metal ion levels, aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesion (ALVAL) and pseudotumours have all been well documented, but recent studies suggest increased risk of infection with MoM bearing surfaces. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collect data from a cohort of 44 patients who underwent revision of total hip arthroplasty between 2014 and 2017 for the complication of MoM bearing. Studied by radiological images, blood tests, and intraoperative clinical status, part of the population was treated with one stage revision, while the other was treated with a two-stage revision. RESULTS: Results showed a difference in the occurrence of infections in the two populations. CONCLUSIONS: We consider it appropriate to perform two-stage revision in all case of failure of MoM replacement so as to allow to minimize the likelihood of infection in patients with damaged tissues by ALVAL, pseudotumour, and necrosis that could create an ideal environment for bacterial development.
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Prótese de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Doenças Linfáticas/cirurgia , Próteses Articulares Metal-Metal/efeitos adversos , Falha de Prótese/efeitos adversos , Vasculite/cirurgia , Idoso , Algoritmos , Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Purpose of this study was to analyse the medium term follow-up of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for proximal humeral fractures in terms of postoperative shoulder function, radiological outcome and complications. METHODS: 76 consecutive patients with unstable proximal humeral fractures were treated using locking plate with a minimally invasive antero-lateral approach in two surgical centers. Constant score and radiographic evaluation of 74 patients were available at mean follow up of 5 years (minimum 4 years). RESULTS: Mean Constant score was 74 (range to 28-100). Results were comparable in the two centers. Younger patients registered significantly higher scores (p < 0.05). 20 patients (27%) developed complications. Subacromial impingement occurred in 16,2% of cases for varus malreduction (6,7%) and for too proximal plate positioning (9,5%). Primary screws perforation (2,7%), secondary perforation due to cut-out (1,4%), avascular necrosis (AVN) of humeral head (1,4%), partial resorption of greater tuberosity (2,7%), secondary displacement of the greater tuberosity (2,7%) and stiffness (2,7%) were observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Even at a medium term follow-up, MIPO for proximal humeral fractures ensured good and reproducible results for most common pattern of fractures. Major complications were lower respect to open procedures, because of soft tissue, deltoid muscle and circumflex vessels sparing.
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Placas Ósseas , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Fraturas do Ombro/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Radiografia , Fraturas do Ombro/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas do Ombro/fisiopatologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The validity of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the diagnosis of interstitial or focal lung pathologies is well documented, we assessed its accuracy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). METHODS: Sonographic signs suggestive of PTB and their diagnostic accuracy were evaluated in patients admitted with clinical suspicion of PTB. Consolidations, subpleural nodules, pleural thickenings or irregularities and pleural effusion were assessed. LUS signs significantly associated with PTB in the univariate analysis (pâ¯<â¯.05) were entered in a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: PTB was confirmed in 51 out of 102 patients. Multiple consolidations (OR 3.54, 95%CI 1.43-8.78), apical consolidations (OR 9.65, 95%CI 3.02-30.78), superior quadrant consolidations (OR 4.01, 95%CI 1.76-9.14), and subpleural nodules (OR 5.29, 95%CI 2.27-12.33) were significantly associated with PTB diagnosis. Apical consolidation (OR 9.67, 95%CI 2.81-33.25, p 0.003) and subpleural nodules (OR 5.30, 95%CI 2.08-13.52, p 0.005) retained a significant association in a multivariate model, with an overall accuracy of 0.799. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest a possible role of LUS in the diagnosis of PTB, a high burden pathological condition for which the delay in diagnosis still represents a critical point in the control of the disease.
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Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Activated C protein resistance is a common coagulation defect caused by factor V Leiden mutation and is associated with an augmented risk of predominantly venous thrombosis. Augmented tendency to arterial thrombosis is sporadically reported. This case report describes femoropopliteal thrombosis in a young patient with heterozygous V Leiden factor mutation. Progressive thrombotic occlusion required amputation of the forefoot which resulted in stump dehiscence. Poor blood supply to the perilesional substrate delayed wound healing. An optimal though not yet definitive result was achieved after months of accurate medication. The criticality of lower limb ischemia in an otherwise healthy young patient underscores the grave impact this condition can have on the patient's quality of life and on health care costs.
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Fator V/genética , Artéria Femoral , Mutação , Artéria Poplítea , Trombose/genética , Resistência à Proteína C Ativada/genética , Adulto , Amputação Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Amputação Cirúrgica/métodos , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Trombose/complicações , Trombose/cirurgia , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
AIM: Varicose veins of the legs are a common condition affecting 10-15% of men and 20-25% of women in the western world. This high prevalence is responsible of high medical and social costs. Most primary varices are associated with greater saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence. A new method, radiofrequency (RF) endovenous obliteration (VNUS-Closure'' procedure), recently has been described as a less invasive and cost-saving alternative to stripping for the treatment of refluxing GSV. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with varicose veins underwent endovenous obliteration of the above knee GSV by VNUS Closure'' procedure. The vein diameters were from 5 to 10 mm. The RF catheter was inserted via percutaneous puncture or through a small skin incision. All operations were performed in local, tumescent anesthesia, under ultrasound guidance. All patients were discharged 2 h after operation. Clinical and ultrasound follow-up was performed at 1 week, and at 1, 6, 12, 24 months. RESULTS: The complete or partial occlusion of the treated segment of the GSV has been achieved in 23 cases. In only one patient persisting patency of the GSV was immediately detected after the procedure. That was successfully treated by ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy. All patients could resume all normal activities within 3-5 days. Every patient had reduction of varicosities, leg pain, fatigue and oedema. Adverse sequelae were minimal: 2 patients had transient thigh paresthesias. We didn't report deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (mean follow-up 26.7 months, range 15-33 months). CONCLUSION: A literature review and the authors'experience reveal that, in absence of significant complications, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, there are significant advantages in the RF endovascular obliteration of the GSV. In effect, the Closure'' procedure, in selected patients, offers reduced postoperative pain, shorter sick leaves, faster return to normal activities compared with vein stripping, and it appears to be cost-saving for society. The mid-term (36 months) recurrence rates after RF obliteration seem to be similar to the results of the conventional surgical management.
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Ablação por Cateter , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Varizes/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Ablação por Cateter/economia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Qualidade de Vida , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Veia Safena/diagnóstico por imagem , Veia Safena/cirurgia , Escleroterapia/economia , Escleroterapia/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Varizes/diagnóstico por imagem , Varizes/economia , Varizes/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy is considered the gold standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer, with no age- or comorbidity-related limitations. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of curative gastrectomy with extended nodal dissection, verifying survival in elderly and highly co-morbid patients. METHODS: In a retrospective multicenter study, we examined 1322 non-metastatic gastric-cancer patients that underwent curative gastrectomy with D2 versus D1 lymphadenectomy from January 2000 to December 2009. Postoperative complications, overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) according to age and the Charlson Comorbidity Score were analyzed in relation to the extent of lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: Postoperative morbidity was 30.4%. Complications were more frequent in highly co-morbid elderly patients, and, although general morbidity rates after D2 and D1 lymphadenectomy were similar (29.9% and 33.2%, respectively), they increased following D2 in highly co-morbid elderly patients (39.6%). D2-lymphadenectomy significantly improved 5-year OS and DSS (48.0% vs. 37.6% in D1, p < 0.001 and 72.6% vs. 58.1% in D1, p < 0.001, respectively) in all patients. In elderly patients, this benefit was present only in 5-year DSS. D2 nodal dissection induced better 5-year OS and DSS rates in elderly patients with positive nodes (29.7% vs. 21.2% in D1, p = 0.008 and 47.5% vs. 30.6% in D1, p = 0.001, respectively), although it was present only in DSS when highly co-morbid elderly patients were considered. CONCLUSION: Extended lymphadenectomy confirmed better survival rates in gastric cancer patients. Due to high postoperative complication rate and no significant improvement of the OS, D1 lymphadenectomy should be considered in elderly and/or highly co-morbid gastric cancer patients.
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Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Gastrectomia/métodos , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Demência/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Hepatopatias/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
p21waf1/cip1 mRNA and protein accumulate in intact cells exposed to oxidizing agents through a p53-independent, MAPK-dependent mechanism. Treatment with oxidizing agents also yields a second form of this protein (FM p21), characterized by a faster migration on SDS-PAGE. This phenomenon depends on the modification of intracellular redox conditions induced by diethylmaleate, a glutathione-depleting agent, being prevented by the pretreatment with the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine. The appearance of this FM p21 form is very early, being observed 5 min after exposure to diethylmaleate, long before the already observed accumulation of p21 induced by oxidative stress. Furthermore, experiments with dominant negative mutants of MEK demonstrate that, in contrast with that observed for the oxidative stress-induced accumulation of p21 mRNA and protein, the appearance of FM p21 form is not dependent from the activation of the MAPK pathway. It was previously observed (Tchou et al, 1996) that in some lung carcinoma cells long exposure to high doses of phorbol esters also induces the appearance of a faster-migrating p21 electrophoretic band and it was suggested that this could result from a different phosphorylation or from a proteolytic processing at the C-terminus of the protein. The latter is not the case for the diethylmaleate-induced FM p21 whose C-terminus is intact, as demonstrated by the expression of a C-terminus tagged p21 cDNA. On the contrary, the observed migration shift seems to be dependent on the hypophosphorylation of the protein; in fact, a pretreatment of cells with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of (serine/threonine) phosphatases, inhibits the oxidation-dependent appearance of the FM p21 and the block of protein synthesis, caused by cycloeximide, does not affect the appearance of FM p21, that thus could derive from the dephosphorylation of preexisting protein.
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Ciclinas/genética , Ciclinas/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Células COS , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21 , Ciclinas/química , Primers do DNA/genética , Glutationa/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Maleatos/farmacologia , Fosforilação , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologiaRESUMO
AIM: The aim of this work is to compare the adhesion of the glass-ceramic (empress II) to the composite cement and the adhesion of the ceromer to the composite cement. METHODS: From each of the above materials, 10 little blocks, of 8 x 6 x 2 mm size, have been prepared. All the surface treatments suggested by the manufacturing industry have been performed: sandblasting and acid-etching of the ceramic, ceromer surface roughening with diamond bur and silanization and bonding application on both materials. A homogeneous layer of cement has been placed between couples of blocks of the same material and photopolymerised. Every sample, consisting of 2 bonded blocks, has been submitted to a traction force on a universal test machine connected with a computerized measure system (SINTEC D/10). Samples have been anchored to the machine binding devices by a bicomponent epoxy glue. Data on the breaking charge have been recorded and an analysis of the broken surfaces has been performed in order to classify the breaking modalities. RESULTS: The results ontained showed that the composite-glass-ceramic adhesion force (mean value 64 Mpa) was remarkably higher than the composite-ceromer adhesion (mean value 37.21 Mpa). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the broken surfaces by SEM showed that a mixed fracture occurred in all samples (both partly adhesive and cohesive).
Assuntos
Cerâmica , Resinas Compostas , Cimentos Dentários , Materiais Dentários , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
Echocardiography was used to asses parameters of cardiovascular function in order to identify the main cardiac adjustment mechanisms to arterial hypertension. In addition to morphological parameters of septal and parietal thickness and diameter, telesystolic (Ses) and telediastolic (Spk) stress, EF, Vcfm, the index of left ventricular mass (ILVM), hypertrophy ratio (h/r), contractility index (Do), peripheral resistances (RPT) and Tarazi's index (SAC) were evaluated. In comparison to control subjects, higher levels of PwTs, h/r, SAC, RPT and ILVM (at the limit of significance) were found in hypertensive patients, which were reflected by higher Spk and Do values. From the further analysis of data to identify patients with signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (h/r greater than 0.40 and/or ILVM greater than 140) it was concluded that the hypertrophy ratio (h/r) is the functional parameter which most closely reveals the type of myocardial adjustment. Irrespective of absolute values of ILVM, the adequacy of myocardial hypertrophy to the dimensions of the cavity is accompanied by the normalisation of stress and the return of Do values close to normal levels. Hearts with low h/r those with the highest stress levels, as well as preesting the lowest EF and the highest Do values.
Assuntos
Sistema Cardiovascular/fisiopatologia , Ecocardiografia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Feminino , Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hipertrofia/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contração MiocárdicaRESUMO
The present paper describes a clinical case in which autologous bone, removed during an operation from the maxillary tuberosity, platelet rich plasma (PRP) and deproteinised bovine bone (Bio-oss, Geistlich) were used as graft material in a bilateral maxillary sinus lift procedure. During the same operating session, it was planned to carry out the lift of the maxillary sinus, employing a "combined" graft (autologous bone, PRP, deproteinised bovine bone), and to insert 6 fixtures at maxillary level, 3 in each quadrant, and 6 fixtures at mandibular level. The use of PRP, or rather of the platelet gel derived from it, represented an improvement compared to standard bone graft techniques. A graft consisting of autologous bone and PRP (with or without deproteinised bovine bone) makes it possible in fact to carry out more demanding operations, such as a major lift of the maxillary sinus, without the need for a block graft, but employing autologous bone particulate, which is easier to find. Furthermore, a "combined" graft is easily malleable and adjustable and can be adapted perfectly to the bone defect in which it is inserted. Finally, it guarantees a better quality of cure both in terms of speed and degree of mineralisation. This is very important if we consider that usually, lifting of the maxillary sinus is carried out precisely to guarantee adequate bone volume in cases where bone has been lost and to permit the insertion of osteointegrated implants.