A comparison study of cognitive deficits in radiologically and clinically isolated syndromes.

UNLABELLED: Up until now, no information has existed regarding a comparison of the pattern and frequency of cognitive deficits between radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients. Within this objective, Rao's Brief Repeatable Battery and Stroop test were administered to 28 RIS patients, 25 CIS patients, and 22 healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cognitive deficits in RIS was similar to that of CIS. Cognitive deficits seem to be present in RIS patients regardless of the presence of risk factors for a future symptomatic demyelinating event.

Physical condition and perceived fatigue in post-covid patients: An observational descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often require hospital admission and experience sequelae such as chronic fatigue or low muscle mass. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the functional capacity of a cohort of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 who required hospitalization. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational descriptive study was conducted on post-COVID-19 patients referred to the Rehabilitation Department of Gregorio Marañón Hospital (Madrid, SPAIN). METHODS: Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body composition, and perception of fatigue and dyspnea were analyzed. Furthermore, the existing correlations between clinical variables and physical conditions were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-two patients who required hospital admission (80 ± 22.45 days) or intensive care unit (ICU) admission (58 ± 10.52 days) were analyzed. They presented with decreased strength, respiratory capacity, and moderate-to-severe perceived fatigue. Additionally, an inverse correlation was found between right-handgrip strength and days in the ICU, as well as the 6-minute walk test for women. Similarly, strength and fitness were negatively associated with perceived fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Post-COVID-19 patients showed low muscle function and low levels of physical fitness associated with high perceived fatigue.

Oligoclonal IgM bands are a promising biomarker for long-term cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The presence of lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with a more severe clinical multiple sclerosis (MS) course. OBJECTIVE: To investigate LS-OCMB as a prognostic biomarker of cognitive long-term outcomes in MS. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients underwent neuropsychological assessment. Cognitive performance between LS-OCMB- and LS-OCMB+ patients was compared adjusting by age, education, anxiety-depression, disease duration, and disability. RESULTS: LS-OCMB+ patients of ∼13 years of disease duration performed worse on Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: LS-OCMB+ perform worse on information processing speed and working memory (SDMT), suggesting that LS-OCMB could be a useful biomarker for long-term cognitive outcomes.

Physical condition and perceived fatigue in post-covid patients: An observational descriptive study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often require hospital admission and experience sequelae such as chronic fatigue or low muscle mass. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the functional capacity of a cohort of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 who required hospitalization. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational descriptive study was conducted on post-COVID-19 patients referred to the Rehabilitation Department of Gregorio Marañón Hospital (Madrid, SPAIN). METHODS: Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body composition, and perception of fatigue and dyspnea were analyzed. Furthermore, the existing correlations between clinical variables and physical conditions were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-two patients who required hospital admission (80 ± 22.45 days) or intensive care unit (ICU) admission (58 ± 10.52 days) were analyzed. They presented with decreased strength, respiratory capacity, and moderate-to-severe perceived fatigue. Additionally, an inverse correlation was found between right-handgrip strength and days in the ICU, as well as the 6-minute walk test for women. Similarly, strength and fitness were negatively associated with perceived fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Post-COVID-19 patients showed low muscle function and low levels of physical fitness associated with high perceived fatigue.

Anti-JC virus seroprevalence in a Spanish multiple sclerosis cohort: JC virus seroprevalence in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of anti-JCV antibodies, seroconverting rates and evolution of antibody levels in a multiple sclerosis (MS) Spanish cohort. METHODS: Multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal study. The JCV seroprevalence was analyzed in 711 MS patients by using 1st (STRATIFY-1) and 2nd generation (STRATIFY-2) two-step ELISA over 2.65 (±0.97) years. Seroconversion rate was obtained over 2 samples from 314 patients, and index stability from 301 patients with 3 or more samples available. The effect of each ELISA generation, demographics, clinical characteristics and therapy on seroprevalence was assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall anti-JCV seroprevalence was 55.3% (51.6-58.9), similar across regions (p=0.073). It increased with age (p<0.000) and when STRATIFY-2 was used (60.5%, p=0.001). Neither sex nor immunosuppressive therapy had any influence. Yearly seroconversion rate was 7% (considering only STRATIFY-2). Serological changes were observed in 24/301 patients, 5.7% initially seropositive reverted to seronegative and 7% initially seronegative changed to seropositive and again to seronegative, all these cases had initial index values around the assay's cut-off. CONCLUSIONS: JCV seroprevalence in Spanish MS patients was similar to that reported in other European populations. Changes in serostatus are not infrequent and should be considered in clinical decisions.

Psychiatric disturbances in radiologically isolated syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) is characterized by incidental lesions suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) on MRI without typical symptoms of MS. Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is characterized by a first episode of neurologic symptoms caused by demyelination in the central nervous system. To date, psychiatric disorders have not been systematically addressed in RIS subjects. We assessed emotional disturbances, personality features and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a cohort of RIS patients as compared with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). METHODS: Twenty-eight RIS patients, 25 clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients, and 22 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Participants were administered a mood scale (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale), behavioural measures (Personality Assessment Inventory), and fatigue measures (Fatigue Impact Scale for Daily Use). HRQoL was quantified using the EuroQol-5. RESULTS: 14 (50%) of RIS patients had clinically significant depression, with over one-third of these having moderate depression, scores virtually identical to those observed in CIS patients. 11 of 28 (39.3%) subjects with RIS had anxious depression, a figure three times higher than that found in CIS patients. RIS patients' HAMD-17 total score showed a very strong correlation with severity of fatigue. In addition, RIS patients reported lower HRQoL (p = 0.036) and a significantly higher symptoms load for somatisation compared to both CIS and control groups (p < 0.002). CONCLUSION: RIS patients had high rates of depression, particularly anxious depression and somatization. Future studies are warranted to clarify whether these psychiatric disturbances are causally associated with a distinct white matter psychopathologic process.