Incorporating basic needs to reconcile poverty and ecosystem services.

Conservation managers frequently face the challenge of protecting and sustaining biodiversity without producing detrimental outcomes for (often poor) human populations that depend on ecosystem services for their well-being. However, mutually beneficial solutions are often elusive and can mask trade-offs and negative outcomes for people. To deal with such trade-offs, ecological and social thresholds need to be identified to determine the acceptable solution space for conservation. Although human well-being as a concept has recently gained prominence, conservationists still lack tools to evaluate how their actions affect it in a given context. We applied the theory of human needs to conservation by building on an extensive historical application of need approaches in international development. In an innovative participatory method that included focus groups and household surveys, we evaluated how human needs are met based on locally relevant thresholds. We then established connections between human needs and ecosystem services through key-informant focus groups. We applied our method in coastal East Africa to identify households that would not be able to meet their basic needs and to uncover the role of ecosystem services in meeting these. This enabled us to identify how benefits derived from the environment were contributing to meeting basic needs and to consider potential repercussions that could arise through changes to ecosystem service provision. We suggest our approach can help conservationists and planners balance poverty alleviation and biodiversity protection and ensure conservation measures do not, at the very least, cause serious harm to individuals. We further argue it can be used as a basis for monitoring the impacts of conservation on multidimensional poverty.

Incorporación de las Necesidades Básicas para Reconciliar a la Pobreza y a los Servicios Ambientales Resumen Los administradores de la conservación frecuentemente enfrentan el reto de proteger y mantener la biodiversidad sin producir resultados perjudiciales para las poblaciones humanas (comúnmente pobres) que dependen de los servicios ambientales para su bienestar. Sin embargo, las soluciones benéficas para ambos son comúnmente elusivas y pueden cubrir compensaciones y resultados negativos para las personas. Para tratar con dichas compensaciones se requiere la identificación de umbrales ecológicos y sociales para determinar el espacio de solución aceptable para la conservación. Aunque el bienestar humano como concepto ha ganado prominencia recientemente, los conservacionistas carecen de herramientas para evaluar cómo afectan sus acciones en un contexto dado. Aplicamos la teoría de las necesidades humanas a la conservación al basarnos en una aplicación histórica extensiva de estrategias de necesidades en el desarrollo internacional. Evaluamos cómo se cumplen las necesidades humanas con base en umbrales relevantes localmente en un método participativo innovador que incluyó grupos de enfoque y censos de hogares. Después establecimos conexiones entre las necesidades humanas y los servicios ambientales por medio de grupos de enfoque con informantes clave. Aplicamos nuestro método en la costa oriental de África para identificar los hogares que no podrían cumplir con sus necesidades básicas y para descubrir el papel de los servicios ambientales en el cumplimiento de estas necesidades. Esto nos permitió identificar cómo los beneficios derivados del ambiente estaban contribuyendo al cumplimiento de las necesidades básicas y nos permitió considerar las repercusiones potenciales que podrían surgir por medio de cambios en la provisión de los servicios ambientales. Sugerimos que nuestra estrategia puede ayudar a los conservacionistas y a los planificadores a balancear el alivio de la pobreza y la protección de la biodiversidad y a asegurar que las medidas de conservación, como mínimo, no causen daño serio a los individuos. También sustentamos que puede usarse como base para el monitoreo de los impactos de la conservación sobre la pobreza multidimensional.

Survey data of public awareness on climate change and the value of marine and coastal ecosystems.

The long-term provision of ocean ecosystem services depends on healthy ecosystems and effective sustainable management. Understanding public opinion about marine and coastal ecosystems is important to guide decision-making and inform specific actions. However, available data on public perceptions on the interlinked effects of climate change, human impacts and the value and management of marine and coastal ecosystems are rare. This dataset presents raw data from an online, self-administered, public awareness survey conducted between November 2021 and February 2022 which yielded 709 responses from 42 countries. The survey was released in four languages (English, French, Spanish and Italian) and consisted of four main parts: (1) perceptions about climate change; (2) perceptions about the value of, and threats to, coasts, oceans and their wildlife, (3) perceptions about climate change response; and (4) socio-demographic information. Participation in the survey was voluntary and all respondents provided informed consent after reading a participant information form at the beginning of the survey. Responses were anonymous unless respondents chose to provide contact information. All identifying information has been removed from the dataset. The dataset can be used to conduct quantitative analyses, especially in the area of public perceptions of the interlinkages between climate change, human impacts and options for sustainable management in the context of marine and coastal ecosystems. The dataset is provided with this article, including a copy of the survey and participant information forms in all four languages, data and the corresponding codebook.

Multiple impact pathways of the 2015-2016 El Niño in coastal Kenya.

The 2015-2016 El Niño had large impacts globally. The effects were not as great as anticipated in Kenya, however, leading some commentators to call it a 'non-event'. Our study uses a novel combination of participatory Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis tools, and new and existing social and biophysical data, to analyse vulnerability to, and the multidimensional impacts of, the 2015-2016 El Niño episode in southern coastal Kenya. Using a social-ecological systems lens and a unique dataset, our study reveals impacts overlooked by conventional analysis. We show how El Niño stressors interact with and amplify existing vulnerabilities to differentially impact local ecosystems and people. The policy significance of this finding is that the development of specific national capacities to deal with El Niño events is insufficient; it will be necessary to also address local vulnerabilities to everyday and recurrent stressors and shocks to build resilience to the effects of El Niño and other extremes in climate and weather.