RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The antiretroviral nevirapine can cause severe hepatotoxicity when used 'off-label' for preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT), newborn post-exposure prophylaxis and for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis among non-HIV-infected individuals. We describe the incidence of hepatotoxicity with short- versus long-course nevirapine-containing regimens in these groups. METHODS: We reviewed hepatotoxicity cases among non-HIV-infected individuals and HIV-infected pregnant women and their offspring receiving short- (
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Nevirapina/efeitos adversos , Nevirapina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/congênito , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/congênito , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Nevirapina/administração & dosagem , Gravidez , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/administração & dosagem , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , United States Food and Drug AdministrationRESUMO
Racial disparities in HIV-care include the disproportionate impact of HIV/AIDS on African Americans. We conducted a retrospective review of 1,855 cases at 78 hospitals in nine cities to evaluate racial variations in inpatient care for AIDS-related Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) shortly after the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapies. While inpatient HIV-related PCP mortality was comparable between Whites and Hispanics (p=0.94), African Americans were less likely than Whites to die in-hospital (AOR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48, 0.99) and more likely to receive timely anti-PCP medications (AOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.21, 2.30) and timely corticosteroids (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.17, 1.82). Findings were compared with those from our study involving 1,547 patients at 82 hospitals in five cities over the first decade of the AIDS epidemic. In contrast to the first study, in the second decade African Americans were more likely to receive timely and appropriate therapy for HIV-related PCP, and resultantly were more likely to survive the hospitalization.