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BACKGROUND: Despite clear linkages between poor Water, Sanitation, Hygiene (WASH) and enteric disease, the design of effective WASH interventions that reduce child enteric infections and stunting rates has proved challenging. WASH factors as currently defined do not capture the overall exposure factors to faecal pathogens through the numerous infection transmission pathways. Understanding the multiple and multifaceted factors contributing to enteric infections and their interconnectedness is key to inform future interventions. This study aimed to perform an in-depth holistic exploration of the environmental, socio-cultural, economic and institutional context surrounding infants to develop an integrated understanding of enteric infection drivers in rural tribal Banswara, in Rajasthan State, India. METHODS: This study relied on the triangulation of mixed-methods to capture critical influences contributing to infant enteric infection transmission. We conducted structured observations and exploratory qualitative research across 9 rural tribal villages, including transect walks, household observations, interviews with frontline health workers and group discussions with mothers. The emergent social themes and identified factors were mapped based on the scale of agency (individual, family or community-level factor) and on their nature (environmental, socio-cultural, economic and institutional factors). RESULTS: Infants aged 5 to 24 months were seen to have constant exposures to dirt via mouthing of soil, soiled hands, soiled objects and food. Rudimentary household environments with dirt floors and domestic animals lacked a hygiene-enabling environment that hindered hygienic behaviour adoption. Several unsafe behaviours failing to interrupt infants' exposures to pathogens were captured, but caregivers reported a lack of self-efficacy skills to separate children from faecal exposures due to the rural farming environments where they lived. Conceptual mapping helped understand how wider-level societal factors such as socio-economic limitations, caste inequalities, and political corruption may have trickle-down effects on the caregivers' motivation and perceived self-efficacy for improving hygiene levels around children, highlighting the influence of interconnected broader factors. CONCLUSIONS: Conceptual mapping proved useful to develop an integrated understanding of the interlinked factors across socio-ecological levels and domains, highlighting the role of wider sociocultural, economic and institutional factors contributing to infant's enteric infection risks. Future WASH interventions are likely to require similar integrated approaches that account for the complex factors at all levels.
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Saneamento , Água , Animais , Criança , Humanos , Higiene , Índia/epidemiologia , Lactente , Fatores de Risco , População RuralRESUMO
We present a case of rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using right radial approach in a rare case of single coronary artery originating from the right sinus. Although these anomalies and stenosis of anomalous vessels have earlier been reported, treatment of atherosclerotic lesions by PCI has rarely been reported. There is a definite risk during PCI in patients with a single coronary ostium because dissection with the guiding catheter would result in a catastrophic event. Additionally, technical difficulties may occur due to the ostial configuration and course of the branch to be stented.
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Trombose Coronária/terapia , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Angiografia Coronária , Trombose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , StentsRESUMO
We present an unusual case of ruptured sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) in the right atrium, progressive exertional dyspnea, occasional epigastric heaviness, and palpitations. The examination revealed high-pitch continuous murmur. On transthoracic echocardiography, there was a ~5-6â¯mm size RSOV of non-coronary sinus into right atrium, continuous turbulent flow, and unusual presentation of severe central aortic regurgitation jet with holodiastolic flow reversal seen in the descending aorta. The sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare pathology, which is generally asymptomatic. In this case it manifested through a rupture into the right atrium and needed to be closed to relieve the symptoms. Transcathter closure of RSOV was done by using Amplatzer duct occluding device, there was no residual shunt, and aortic regurgitation completely disappeared. Learning objective: This is a unique case in which ruptured sinus of Valsalva flow and holodiastolic flow reversal were confused with severe aortic regurgitation. Careful and detailed transthoracic echocardiography played a key role in correct diagnosis and proper management.
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Concomitant mitral and aortic valve stenosis in a patient with mitral annular calcification and porcelain aorta poses a unique problem to the surgical team. Transcatheter aortic and mitral valve replacements in native valves offer a viable option for such selected group of patients. We present the case of a 54-year-old male who presented with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and severe mitral stenosis (MS) but was deemed high risk for surgery owing to intense calcification of the aorta and mitral annular calcification, and successfully underwent transcatheter double native valve replacement.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Calcinose , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Estenose da Valva Mitral , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estenose da Valva Mitral/complicações , Estenose da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Calcinose/complicações , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgiaRESUMO
AIMS: Cardiac dysfunction in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been reported during acute phase but serial changes have not been well studied. To determine serial changes in type and severity of echocardiographic left and right heart functions we performed a prospective study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Successive COVID-19 patients at discharge from the hospital from June to December 2020 were enrolled. Clinical details were obtained and echocardiography was performed using Philips IE33X-Matrix. Follow-up evaluation was performed after 3 months. In total, 1789 COVID-19 patients were evaluated. Baseline echocardiography was performed in 1000 eligible patients (men 611, women 389). Mean age was 50.2 ± 15 years, hypertension was in 44.0%, diabetes in 49.4%, and coronary disease in 10.8%. COVID-19 was mild in 47.0%, moderate in 39.5%, and severe in 13.5%. Baseline cardiac parameters were more impaired in severe vs. moderate or mild COVID-19. At 3 months, in 632 patients where baseline and follow-up data were available, decline was observed in select left [left ventricular internal diameter in diastole +0.9 ± 0.2 mm, left atrial volume +7.6 ± 0.1 mL/m2, mitral E/e' +4.8 ± 0.1, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) -3.7 ± 0.2%] and right [right ventricular internal diameter in diastole +2.1 ± 0.1 mm, right atrial internal dimension +1.6 ± 0.1 mm, tricuspid Vmax +1.0 ± 0.1 cm, and tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) -2.7 ± 0.2 mm] heart variables (P < 0.001). Compared to mild COVID-19, decline was significantly greater in moderate/severe disease, LVEF -1.1 ± 0.3 vs. -3.8 ± 0.3%; mitral E/e' +3.2 ± 0.1 vs. +4.8 ± 0.1, tricuspid Vmax +0.3 ± 0.1 vs. +1.0 ± 0.1 cm, and TAPSE -0.7 ± 0.2 vs. -2.7 ± 0.2 mm (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study shows impaired cardiac functions in severe and moderate COVID-19 compared to mild at hospital discharge and progressive decline in left and right heart functions at 3 months. Impairment is significantly greater in patients with moderate to severe disease.
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COVID-19 , Disfunção Ventricular Direita , Adulto , Idoso , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Volume Sistólico , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Função Ventricular DireitaRESUMO
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FHeH) is important risk factor for premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Strategies for its diagnosis and prevalence have not been well studied in India. We performed healthcare worker-based opportunistic screening to assess feasibility for determining its prevalence. METHODS: A healthcare worker was trained in use of Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria for diagnosis of FHeH. Successive eligible individuals (n = 3000 of 3450 screened) presenting to biochemistry laboratories of two hospitals for blood lipid measurements were evaluated for FHeH. Cascade screening or genetic studies were not performed. Descriptive statistics are reported. RESULTS: We included 2549 participants (men 1870, women 679) not on statin therapy. Health worker screened 25-30 individuals/day in 6-10 minutes each. The mean age was 46.2±11y. Variables of DLCN criteria were more in women vs men: family history 51.1 vs 35.6%, past CAD 48.2 vs 20.1%, arcus cornealis 1.1 vs 0.3%, tendon xanthoma 0.3 vs 0.1%, and LDL cholesterol 190-249 mg/dl in 8.5 vs 2.4%, 250-329 mg/dl in 0.7 vs 0% and ≥330 mg/dl in 0.3 vs 0% (p<0.01). Definite FHeH (DLCN score >8) was in 15 (0.59%, frequency 1:170) and probable FHeH (score 6-8) in 87 (3.4%, frequency 1:29). The prevalence was significantly greater in women, age <50y and in those with hypertension, diabetes and known CAD. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare worker-led opportunistic screening for diagnosis of FHeH using DLCN criteria is feasible in low-resource settings. The results show significant prevalence of clinically detected definite and probable FHeH in the population studied.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II , Adulto , LDL-Colesterol , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/diagnóstico , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of measurement of retinal arteriovenous (AV) ratio using a smartphone, we performed a comparative evaluation with fundus camera imaging and coronary SYNTAX score. METHOD: Successive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who underwent coronary angiography were recruited for smartphone retinal imaging. Following pupillary dilatation, fundus camera images and smartphone photography were performed. Video images were captured with a smartphone, edited and analysed. Retinal artery and vein size at 0.5 and 1 disc diameter (DD) were measured using DICOM software by two independent observers. Another observer calculated SYNTAX score. RESULTS: Analysable smartphone images were available in 91 (89.2%) of 102 patients. Tobacco use was found in 26%, hypertension in 54%, diabetes in 55%, and high LDL cholesterol in 50%. Median and 25-75 interquartile range (IQR) AV ratio at 0.5 and 1.0 DD, respectively, with smartphone were 0.48 (0.45-0.52) and 0.47 (0.45-0.52) and fundus camera were 0.48 (0.44-0.53) and 0.48 (0.45-0.53) (Spearman's correlation 0.80 and 0.79, p < 0.001). Coronary single vessel disease was in 21%, double vessel in 16%, triple vessel in 55%, normal angiogram in 8%, and median SYNTAX score was 18.0 (8.0-25.0). There was an inverse correlation of SYNTAX score with smartphone-derived AV ratio at 0.5 and 1.0 DD (rho -0.27,p = 0.007 and -0.26,p = 0.009) as well as with fundus camera (rho -0.37 and -0.38, p < 0.001). Trend-analysis showed an inverse association of smartphone AV ratio with increasing CAD (ptrend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone-based retinal AV imaging is feasible and comparable to fundus-camera imaging. There is a significant inverse correlation with coronary angiographic severity.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Hipertensão , Humanos , Smartphone , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Angiografia Coronária , CoraçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This interdisciplinary qualitative study aims to explore the health, education, engineering and environment factors impacting on feeding practices in rural India. The ultimate goal of the Participatory Approach for Nutrition in Children: Strengthening Health Education Engineering and Environment Linkages project is to identify challenges and opportunities for improvement to subsequently develop socioculturally appropriate, tailored, innovative interventions for the successful implementation of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices locally. DESIGN: Qualitative research method, involving five phases: (1) identification of local feeding practices; (2) identification of the local needs and opportunities for children aged 6-24 months; and (3-5) analysis of the gathered qualitative data, intervention design, review and distribution. SETTING: Nine villages in two community development blocks, that is, Ghatol and Kushalgarh, located in the Banswara district in Rajasthan, India. PARTICIPANTS: 68 participants completed semistructured interviews or focus group discussions including: mothers, grandmothers, auxiliary nurse midwife, Anganwadi worker, ASHA Sahyogini, school teachers and local elected representative. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST: IYCF practices and the factors associated with it. ANALYSIS: Thematic analysis. RESULTS: Our results could be broadly categorised into two domains: (1) the current practices of IYCF and (2) the key drivers and challenges of IYCF. We explicate the complex phenomena and emergent model focusing on: mother's role and autonomy, knowledge and attitude towards feeding of young children, availability of services and resources that shape these practices set against the context of agriculture and livelihood patterns and its contribution to availability of food as well as on migration cycles thereby affecting the lives of 'left behind', and access to basic health, education and infrastructure services. CONCLUSIONS: This interdisciplinary and participatory study explored determinants impacting feeding practices across political, village and household environments. These results shaped the process for cocreation of our context-specific intervention package.
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Comportamento Alimentar , Avós , Aleitamento Materno , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Lactente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Mães/educação , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The interdisciplinary Participatory Approach for Nutrition in Children: Strengthening Health, Education, Engineering and Environment Linkages (PANChSHEEEL) study used a participatory approach to develop locally-feasible and tailored solutions to optimise Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices at an individual, household, community, and environmental level. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of gender; migration; and Health, Education, Engineering and Environmental (HEEE) factors on IYCF practices, with the primary outcomes being three key complementary-feeding practices of Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF) and Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD). METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 325 households with children aged 6-23 months was conducted in nine purposively selected villages in two blocks of Banswara district, Rajasthan, India. A survey tool was developed, translated into the local language, pre-tested, and administered in a gender-sensitive manner. Data-collection processes were standardized to ensure quality measures. Association of the primary outcome with 27 variables was tested using a Chi-square test (Mantel-Haenszel method); backward stepwise regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of effect modifiers (gender, parental migration). RESULTS: Half of the surveyed children were of each gender, and fathers from half of the households were found to have migrated within the previous year to search for additional income. Parental literacy ranged from 60 to 70%. More than half of the households had access to milk-producing animals. Consumption of each of the seven food groups, eggs (4.7% vs 0.7%; p < 0.02), MDD (10.5% vs 3.2%; p < 0.02) and MAD (9.4% vs 2.6%; p < 0.02) were higher for boys than for girls. After controlling for contextual factors, a male child was 4.1 times more likely to get a diet with MDD and 3.8 times more likely to get a diet with MAD. A child from a non-migrant household was 2.0-2.1 times more likely to get a diet with MDD and MAD as compared to a child from a migrant household. However, this association was not found to be statistically significant after regression. Presence of milk-producing animals in households and consumption of milk/milk products by children in the previous 24 h were the other two strong predictors of MDD and MAD, although access to animal milk in the house did not translate to an increase in consumption of milk/milk products by a child. CONCLUSION: Gender discrimination in diet diversity and complementary-feeding practices starts early in childhood with boys having a distinct advantage over girls. In the case of parental migration, further research is required to establish if it has an adverse impact on feeding practices. Emphasis needs to be given to gender issues and other contextual factors when developing strategies to optimise complementary feeding practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION: With UCL ethics [Ethics ID 4032/002] in United Kingdom and with Sigma IRB [10,025/IRB/D/17-18] in India.
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OBJECTIVE: India has been struggling with infant malnutrition for decades. There is a need to identify suitable platforms for community engagement to promote locally feasible, resource efficient Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) interventions. This study aims to explore if and how schools could represent a site for community engagement in rural India, acting as innovation hubs to foster positive change in partnership with the Angawadi centres. DESIGN: Five-phase formative study; A parallel mixed methods approach structured by a socioecological framework was used for data collection at individual, household and community levels. This paper focuses on the qualitative findings. SETTING: This study was undertaken in nine villages within two blocks, 'Ghatol' and 'Kushalgarh', in the Banswara district of Rajasthan, India. PARTICIPANTS: 17 schools were identified. Interviews were conducted with local opinion leaders and representatives in the education sector, including principals, schoolteachers, block and district education officers. Across the nine study villages, information was gathered from 67 mothers, 58 paternal grandmothers using Focus Discussion Groups (FDGs) and 49 key respondents in Key Informant Interviews. RESULTS: Schools were considered an important community resource. Challenges included limited parental participation and student absenteeism; however, several drivers and opportunities were identified, which may render schools a suitable intervention delivery site. Enrolment rates were high, with schools and associated staff encouraging parental involvement and student attendance. Existing initiatives, including the mid-day meal, play opportunities and education on health and hygiene, further highlight the potential reliability of schools as a platform for community mobilisation. CONCLUSIONS: Schools have been shown to be functional platforms frequently visited and trusted by community members. With teachers and children as change agents, schools could represent a suitable setting for community mobilisation in future wider scale intervention studies. Expanding the supportive environment around schools will be essential to reinforce healthy IYCF practices in the long term.
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Comportamento Alimentar , Mães , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Lactente , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
We are presenting a unique case of native anterior mitral leaflet (AML) perforation with severe mitral regurgitation leading to progressive dyspnea. Using real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, this case was accurately diagnosed and percutaneous closure has been done successfully with the device. Review of the literature showed successful transcatheter closure of AML perforation of only four cases, all post-operative status. So, it seems to be the first case of native AML perforation closure till date.
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Ecocardiografia Tridimensional , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Humanos , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/etiologia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgiaRESUMO
A 63-year-old diabetic and hypertensive lady presented in New York Heart Association class III-IV dyspnea on exertion. Echocardiography showed a large mass attached to the anterior mitral leaflet and the base of the interatrial septum. After removal of the mass and excision of the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets, a bioprosthetic valve was deployed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathology showed that the tumor was a high-grade rhabdomyosarcoma. Although it is a highly lethal tumor, surgical removal was indicated to relieve dyspnea, clarify the diagnosis, and improve short-term survival. Our patient survived for 8 months after surgical excision.
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Neoplasias Cardíacas , Rabdomiossarcoma , Ecocardiografia , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/complicações , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirurgia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Rabdomiossarcoma/complicações , Rabdomiossarcoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Rabdomiossarcoma/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) increases worldwide, and indications expand from high-risk aortic stenosis patients to low-risk aortic stenosis. Studies have shown that minimalistic TAVR done under conscious sedation is safe and effective. We report single-operator, the single-center outcome of 105 minimalist transfemoral, conscious sedation TAVR patients, analyzed retrospectively. METHODS: All patients underwent TAVR in cardiac catheterization lab via percutaneous transfemoral, conscious sedation approach. A dedicated cardiac anesthetist team delivered the conscious sedation with a standard protocol described in the main text. The outcomes were analyzed as per VARC-2 criteria and compared with the latest low-risk TAVR trials. RESULTS: A total of 105 patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement between July 2016 to February 2020. The mean age of the population was 73 years, and the mean STS score was 3.99 ± 2.59. All patients underwent a percutaneous transfemoral approach. Self-expanding valve was used in 40% of cases and balloon-expandable valve in 60% (Sapien3™ in 31% and MyVal™ in 29%) of cases. One patient required conversion to surgical aortic valve replacement. The success rate was 99 percent. The outcomes were: all-cause mortality: 0.9%, stroke rate 1.9%, New pacemaker rate 5.7%, 87.6% had no paravalvular leak. The mild and moderate paravalvular leak was seen in 2.8% and 1.9%, respectively. The mean gradient decreased from 47.5 mmHg to 9 mmHg. The average ICU stay was 26.4 h, and the average hospital stay was 5.4 days. Our outcomes are comparable with the latest published low-risk trial. CONCLUSION: Minimalist, conscious sedation, transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement when done following a standard protocol is safe and effective.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Idoso , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Informal settlements are home to over 1 billion people worldwide and are characterised by high population densities and poor environmental conditions. The authors identify the impact of COVID-19 on existing water and sanitation practices and potential pathways for the transmission of COVID-19 in informal settlements in India and Indonesia. In the short term, there is an urgent need for mobile and contactless hand washing, washing/bathing facilities and toilets. In the long term, COVID-19 provides an opportunity to invest in centralised water and sanitation networked solutions appropriate for high-density settings to integrate those settlements into cities and improve environmental conditions and health in these cities.
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INTRODUCTION: Amongst all the complications associated with paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures, significant vascular injury is reported in only 1% cases, of which, less than 1% develop Volkmann's ischemic contracture. This study evaluates factors, like delay in presentation of the injury, limb perfusion and pulse, in determining functional outcome in a supracondylar humerus fractures with pulseless limb. MATERIALS & METHODS: Twenty-one paediatric patients with a pulseless supracondylar humerus fracture presenting from 2012 to 2014 were included. The patients were divided into 3 groups with Group A (pulse returned post-reduction, n = 13), Group B (pink pulseless hand, n = 7) and Group C (white pulseless hand, n = 1). 11 patients in group A and 4 patients in Group B presented within 6 h. of injury while the remaining patients presented after 6 h. The primary outcome was vascular status as indicated by radial pulse and perfusion, and secondary outcomes included functional parameters assessed with Mayo Elbow Performance Score and Flynn criteria. RESULTS: Mean peripheral SpO2 in Group A patients was higher than Group B and Group C had a non-recordable oxygen saturation. Mean capillary refill time was more in Group A than Group B whereas in Group C patient had blanching and no capillary refill was seen. Mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score of Group A patients was highest as compared to Group B and Group C. Patients presenting within 6 h. of injury had a higher mean Mayo Elbow Performance score as compared to the patients presenting after 6 h of injury. Functional outcome as measured by Flynn Criteria was excellent in 13 patients. 6 patients had a good, 2 had fair outcome. A moderate negative corrélation (R = -0.5798) was seen between the time elapsed from the injury and the Mayo Elbow Performance score. CONCLUSION: Duration to presentation since injury, limb perfusion and presence of peripheral pulses seem to be important predictive factors determining the outcomes in pulseless supracondylar fracture humerus.
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A 17-year-old boy presented with facial puffiness and swelling in the lower limbs for 6 months and one episode of syncope 15 days earlier. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a dilated right atrium and right ventricle with right ventricular systolic dysfunction. The free wall of the right ventricle was thinned out and devoid of myocardium and trabeculations. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed an extremely dilated thin-walled right ventricle and absence of trabeculations, with no fat signal in the right ventricular wall, in contrast to that seen in arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, which confirmed the diagnosis of Uhl's anomaly.
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Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/diagnóstico , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Miocárdio/patologia , Adolescente , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Eletrocardiografia , Ventrículos do Coração/anormalidades , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças RarasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Tumors of the medial malleolus are rare. Chondrogenic tumors of the medial malleolus are extremely rare. Chondroblastoma of the medial malleolus has not been reported previously in the English literature. The purpose is to present a rare tumor occurring at an unusual site and its successful management. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 30 years old female with chondroblastoma of the medial malleolus with its clinical features, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, and management at an unusual site. Treatment comprised of an open biopsy followed by aggressive curettage, phenolization and bone cement. Symptoms resolved after treatment with resumption of normal activities and no signs of recurrence at 1 year follow-up. CONCLUSION: This case appears to be the first reported case of chondroblastoma occurring at medial malleolus. The present case report will increase the awareness of this rare tumor occurring at this unusual site thereby avoiding any chance of misdiagnosis.
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Carpal injuries are uncommon and are mainly seen in the younger age group. The incidence is unclear as many of the cases go undiagnosed. A 22-year-old male patient coming to the hospital after road traffic accidentwith head, face and left wrist injury. After immediate primary management the patient was taken up for a definitive procedure 4 days after the injury. Scaphoid fracture was fixed with the help of Herbert's screw via the dorsal approach. The base of the first metacarpal was fixed with the help of JESS fixator and the distal end radius was fixed with the help of K-wires. The scapholunate and lunato triquetral ligaments were repaired. The whole construct was stabilized with the help of an external fixator. Postoperative period was uneventful. The external fixator was removed after 4 weeks and patient had a good functional outcome with the patient related wrist evaluation score coming out to be 11 at the end of the third month. This uncommon case of Transradial, Trans scaphoid, transcapitate, and perilunate dislocation was managed successfully with no postoperative complications and a good functional outcome.
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We present a patient with asymptomatic apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) who recently developed cardiac arrhythmias, and shortly discuss the diagnostic modalities, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategy for this condition. AHCM is a rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which usually involves the apex of the left ventricle. AHCM can occur with varied presentations such as chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, syncope, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, embolic events, ventricular fibrillation, and congestive heart failure. The most peculiar electrocardiogram findings are giant T-waves inversion in the precordial leads with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. A transthoracic echocardiogram is the initial diagnostic modality in the evaluation of AHCM and shows hypertrophy of the LV apex. Other diagnostic modalities, including left ventriculography, multislice spiral computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imagings, are also valuable tools. Medications used to manage include verapamil, beta-blockers, and antiarrhythmic agents. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is recommended for high-risk patients.
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Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/complicações , Eletrocardiografia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Taquicardia Ventricular/etiologia , Idoso , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/fisiopatologia , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/terapia , Desfibriladores Implantáveis , Ecocardiografia , Humanos , Masculino , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico , Taquicardia Ventricular/fisiopatologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional outcome and extensor apparatus of operative management of intra-articular fractures of distal humerus using modification of the Triceps Tongue Flap approach. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted between June, 2012 to April,2014 in NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan(India). We included 23 patients with intraarticular fractures of distal humerus that were managed surgically. Modification of Triceps Tongue Flap approach with Triceps flap in inverted 'V' shape was used. Follow-up was done using standard radiograph anteroposterior/lateral (AP/Lat) at immediate postoperative day, 1,3, 6 and 12 month intervals. Functional outcome was assessed using range of motion at elbow joint, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)Score and Objective Muscle Strength Testing (MRC Grade) of triceps muscle at 1,2, 3,6 and 12 month follow-up. RESULTS: Overall we included 23 patients of whom 16 (69.5%) were men and 7 (30.5%) were women with mean age of 34.6+4.8years. Mean duration of the follow-up was 12.9+1.1 months. Mean DASH Score at final follow up was 7.7+1.1(indicating mild residal impairment). Mean muscle strength at final follow-up was 4.7 ± 0.4 (Range 3 to 5). Mean flexion deformity at elbow was 9.2 ±0.9 (Range 5 to 45) degrees and mean arc of flexion extension as 119 ± 3.4(Range 65to 140) degrees. CONCLUSION: This approach provides an excellent exposure as well as a good functional outcome as measured by DASH score and full range of motion at the elbow joint with return of almost complete power of the extensor apparatus in patients with intra-articular fractures of distal humerus.