Feasibility of a Physical Training Intervention With Music in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Physical activity performed with music activates important brain areas associated with cognition, emotions, and motor skills. Limited information is available on the feasibility and acceptability of physical activity and music interventions. The current study aimed to (a) determine the feasibility of a physical training intervention with music in older women, and (b) describe the differences between pretest and posttest variables (i.e., cognitive state, immediate memory, executive function, gait parameters [cadence and gait speed], muscle strength, flexibility, and symptoms of depression). Results suggest that the intervention with physical training and music was feasible, given the high acceptability and retention rates, high level of attendance at the sessions, and absence of adverse events. Significant improvements were observed in immediate memory (p ≤ 0.01), executive function (p ≤ 0.05), cadence (p ≤ 0.01), leg strength (p ≤ 0.01), right arm strength (p ≤ 0.01), left arm strength (p ≤ 0.05), symptoms of depression (p ≤ 0.01), and left lower body flexibility (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, a randomized clinical trial with a larger sample could confirm the effects of this intervention on memory, executive function, cadence, leg strength, arm strength, symptoms of depression, and left lower body flexibility. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(11), 37-43.].

[Food contribution to total daily energy intake in the Mexican population older than five years]. / Contribución de los alimentos a la ingesta total de energía en la dieta de los mexicanos mayores de cinco años.

OBJECTIVE: To identifiy the energy contribution (EC) of the food consumed in those older than five years and by sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from 24-hour recalls from 7 983 subjects ≥5 years included in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (Ensanut 2012). The EC to total daily energy intake of 50 foods allocated to eight food groups at national level and stratified by age, area of residence, region and socioeconomic level was estimated. RESULTS: Seven foods contributed 50% of total energy intake: tortilla and corn products (20.6%), sweet bread (6.6%), vegetable oils (4.9%), white bread and wheat products (4.9%), carbonated sugary drinks (4.6%), red meat (4.0%) and whole milk (4.0%). Other foods, which its consumption is recommended to increase due to its positive effects on health, showed minor contributions (less than 1.0%), with the exception of beans (3.3%). Great heterogeneity in intakes was observed between subgroups of the population. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of individual foods and their EC for both, food groups whose consumption should be increased as well as those that should be reduced can be useful for the design of regulatory actions and educational strategies aimed at reducing the diet related burden of disease.

OBJETIVO: Identificar la contribución a la ingesta de energía (CIE) de alimentos consumidos en mayores de cinco años y por características sociodemográficas, en la población mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó información del recordatorio de 24 horas de 7 983 sujetos ≥5 años incluidos en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (Ensanut 2012). Se estimó la CIE de 50 alimentos clasificados en ocho grupos de alimentos en el ámbito nacional, estratificando por edad, área de residencia, región y nivel socioeconómico. RESULTADOS: Siete alimentos contribuyeron con 50% de la ingesta energética total: tortilla y productos de maíz (20.6%), pan dulce (6.6%), aceites vegetales (4.9%), pan blanco y derivados de trigo (4.9%), bebidas azucaradas carbonatadas (4.6%), carnes rojas (4.0%) y leche entera (4.0%). Otros alimentos, cuyo consumo es recomendable aumentar por sus efectos positivos en salud, mostraron contribuciones menores a 1.0%, con excepción del frijol (3.3%). Se observó gran heterogeneidad en el consumo entre subgrupos de población. CONCLUSIONES: La identificación de los alimentos individuales y su CIE, tanto en grupos de alimentos cuyo consumo se recomienda aumentar, como en aquéllos que se recomienda reducir, puede ser de utilidad para el diseño de acciones regulatorias y estrategias educativas dirigidas a disminuir la carga de enfermedad relacionada con la dieta.

Music therapy intervention in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study.

The purpose of the pilot study was twofold, seeking to investigate both the feasibility and preliminary effects of a music therapy intervention on the global cognitive state (attention, immediate and delayed memory, and executive function) and gait parameters (gait velocity, cadence, and right and left stride length) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Sixteen participants attended the one-hour music therapy sessions three times a week for 12 weeks. The intervention was feasible, achieving a retention rate of 84%. Significant effects were found in global cognitive state (p = .001), attention (p = .007), immediate memory (p < .001), delayed memory (p = .001), executive function (p = .002), gait velocity (p = .021), right stride length (p = .007), and left stride length (p = .014). These results suggest that music therapy intervention is a potentially innovative strategy for improving cognition and gait parameters in older adults with MCI.

Sociodemographic factors are associated with dietary patterns in Mexican schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood obesity has increased rapidly in Mexico, along with changes in the food environment. However, little is known about the dietary patterns (DP) of Mexican children. We aimed to characterize the DP of schoolchildren and to analyse their associations with sociodemographic factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. Dietary and sociodemographic information was obtained, including a single 24 h recall, socio-economic status (SES), geographic region, area of residence and ethnicity. DP were defined with cluster analysis (using k-means). Multinomial logistic regression models, adjusted for the survey design, were used to assess associations between DP and sociodemographic variables. SETTING: 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT-2012). SUBJECTS: Schoolchildren (n 2751) aged 5-11 years who participated in ENSANUT-2012. RESULTS: Four DP were identified: 'Traditional', 'Industrialized', 'Varied' and 'Modern'. Reported energy intake (mean (sd)) was lowest in the 'Traditional' and highest in the 'Industrialized' DP (7037 (3707) kJ/d (1682 (886) kcal/d) v. 8427 (3753) kJ/d (2014 (897) kcal/d), respectively, P<0·05). Significant differences in fat and fibre intakes were seen across DP. Non-indigenous v. indigenous children were 22·0 times (95 % CI 5·1, 93·6) more likely to have a 'Modern' rather than 'Traditional' DP. Relative likelihood of having an 'Industrialized' rather than 'Traditional' DP was 6·2 (95 % CI 3·9, 9·9) among schoolchildren from high SES v. low SES. CONCLUSIONS: Among Mexican schoolchildren, DP were associated with sociodemographic variables. Non-indigenous children were significantly more likely to consume a 'Modern' than a 'Traditional' DP. Children with higher SES were more likely to have an 'Industrialized' pattern. It is necessary to consider dietary characteristics in the different sociodemographic strata when dietary interventions are designed.

[Position of the Latin American Society of Nutrition (SLAN) on the management of conflict of interest.] / Postura de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición (SLAN) sobre el manejo de conflicto de intereses.

There is solid evidence documenting relationships between the food and beverage industry and academia that shows that industry sponsored research is likely to bias results in favor of industry. In Latin America, examples of these situations have been documented in Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador, among others. Due to the urgent need for studying and managing relationships between the food and beverage industry and the field of health and nutrition research, in 2017, the President of the Latin American Society of Nutrition (SLAN) appointed a Conflict of Interest Committee (CCI). The CCI was charged with the development of a proposal of a position for the management of conflict of interest (COI) for consideration by SLAN. This document details the work of CCI, and the position adopted by SLAN.

Existe evidencia sólida de la existencia de relaciones entre la industria de alimentos y bebidas y la academia. Ésta sugiere que la investigación patrocinada por la industria es susceptible de conferir sesgos a su favor en los resultados. En América Latina, se han documentado ejemplos de estas situaciones en México, Brasil, Chile, Perú, Colombia y Ecuador, por citar a algunos países. Ante la necesidad urgente de estudiar y gestionar las relaciones entre la industria de alimentos y bebidas y el campo de investigación en salud y nutrición, en 2017 el Presidente de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición (SLAN) designó a un Comité de Conflicto de Intereses (CCI). El CCI tuvo la encomienda de hacer una propuesta de postura sobre manejo de conflicto de intereses (CDI) de la SLAN. El presente artículo refleja los trabajos del CCI y la postura que adoptó la SLAN.

[Psychological variables associated with adherence to treatment and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. / Variables psicológicas asociadas a adherencia, cronicidad y complicaciones en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

BACKGROUND: Lack of adherence to treatment may hamper the management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Aim To identify if there is a profile of psychological variables associated with adherence to treatment and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The psychometric instruments Multidimensional Scale of Locus of Control in Health, Locus of Control of Rotter and Inventory of Temporary Orientation of Zimbardo & Boyd were applied to 192 patients aged 64 ± 10 years (78% women) with type 2 diabetes attending public primary health clinics. Adherence to treatment was assessed using glycosylated hemoglobin levels. RESULTS: There was an inverse association between glycosylated hemoglobin and adherence to treatment (p < 0.01). Adherence in patients with renal damage and diabetic foot was associated with the psychological variables Negative Time Perspective Profile (p < 0.05) and External Locus of Control Powerful Other (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A psychological profile associated with adherence was observed in the presence of kidney damage and diabetic foot. A fatalistic present and a negative past are the outstanding features of a negative temporal profile.

Desarrollo de la capacidad para la regulación en salud en México.

La Academia Nacional de Medicina es un espacio esencial para discutir la ciencia de la regulación en salud y posicionar su impacto en la salud y la economía. Enmarcada dentro de la función rectora de la autoridad sanitaria, la regulación en salud es la acción de proteger a la población de los peligros sanitarios involuntarios contra los cuales el individuo no puede protegerse; es una función esencial de la salud pública, componente institucional del sistema de salud y, por ende, vinculada a sus reformas y a la cobertura universal. La regulación tiene sustento en un cuerpo teórico epidemiológico, organizacional, legal, sociológico y económico. Tiene un cuerpo metodológico que sustenta su proceso en el análisis de riesgos y se traduce en normas, implementaciones, cumplimiento, monitoreo y evaluación de la regulación. Tiene una arquitectura profesional, financiera, organizacional, legal y de gobernanza. Dada su acción universal tiene un impacto generalizado en la población y un sustancial efecto económico, influyendo en al menos 17 % del comercio internacional regional. La salud a través de sus autoridades regulatorias debe ser parte del dialogo comercial internacional.The National Academy of Medicine is an essential space to discuss regulatory science in health, and to position its impact on health and economy. Framed within the stewardship role of the health authority, health regulation is the action of protecting the population against involuntary health hazards against which the individual cannot protect him/herself. It is an essential function of public health, an institutional component of the health system and, therefore, linked to its reforms and to universal coverage. Regulation has its support on an epidemiological, organizational, legal, sociological and economic theoretical body. It has a methodological body that supports its regulatory process based on risk analysis and that is translated into regulations, implementations, compliance, monitoring and evaluation of the regulation. It has a professional, financial, organizational, legal and governance architecture. Given its universal action, it has a widespread impact on the population and a substantial economic effect, influencing on at least 17% of regional international trade. Health through its regulatory authorities should be an early part of international trade discussions.

Dating Violence, Lifestyle and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican Women University Students.

BACKGROUND: Dating violence is a prevalent issue among Mexican women, as is the incidence and prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The effects of dating violence can negatively impact lifestyle and, consequently, increase the risk of T2DM. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the influence of dating violence on lifestyle and the risk of T2DM in women university students from Mexico. METHODS: The study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design. The study population consisted of women university students. The sample size included 255 participants. Women aged 18 to 39 with current dating relationships and residency in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, were included. Data collection was conducted from February to May 2023. Correlations and multiple linear regression models were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 255 women participated, with an average age of 21.6 years (SD = 3.2), and 32.2% had a history of intrafamily violence during childhood. 58.8% of the participants exhibited some level of risk of T2DM, and 56.7% of the lifestyle was mostly categorized as poor/fair. Detachment was the most prevalent type of dating violence, followed by coercion. Dating violence was correlated with lifestyle (r = -.430) and the risk of T2DM (r = .321). In the multiple linear regression model, dating violence influenced the risk of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: Women who reported higher levels of dating violence have a less healthy lifestyle and a greater risk of T2DM. It is important to consider dating violence to improve lifestyle and prevent T2DM in Mexican women university students.

Construction of an intercultural care program for international migrants in northwestern Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the construction process of an intercultural care program for international migrants in northwestern Mexico. METHOD: Report of professional experiences, according to what was suggested by Daltro and Faria. RESULTS: The development and evolution of care for international migrants has favored the elaboration of a community-like Social Service Program for students of a public university in northwestern Mexico, so that intercultural health and health care for this population become part of the curricular training of the new generations of nursing graduates, in a context in which international migration is a topic of great social and cultural relevance. CONCLUSION: The construction and application of the Salud-Migrante program will enhance compliance with international recommendations on universal health for migrants, promoting respect for identity and cultural diversity in their actions.

CDK4/6 Inhibition Induces Senescence and Enhances Radiation Response by Disabling DNA Damage Repair in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: HPV(-) OCSCC resists radiation treatment. The CDKN2A gene, encoding p16INK4A, is commonly disrupted in OCSCC. p16 inhibits CDK4/CDK6, leading to cell cycle arrest, but the biological sequelae of CDK4/6 inhibition in OCSCC remains understudied. This study examines whether inhibition of CDK4/6 enhances radiation response in OCSCC. METHODS: MTT assays were performed in OCSCC cell lines HN5 and CAL27 following treatment with palbociclib. Clonogenic survival and synergy were analyzed after radiation (RT-2 or 4Gy), palbociclib (P) (0.5 µM or 1 µM), or concurrent combination treatment (P+RT). DNA damage/repair and senescence were examined. CDK4/6 were targeted via siRNA to corroborate P+RT effects. Three-dimensional immortalized spheroids and organoids derived from patient tumors (conditionally reprogrammed OCSCC CR-06 and CR-18) were established to further examine and validate responses to P+RT. RESULTS: P+RT demonstrated reduced viability and synergy, increased ß-gal expression (~95%), and ~two-fold higher γH2AX. Rad51 and Ku80 were reduced after P+RT, indicating impairment of both HR and NHEJ. siCDK4/6 increased senescence with radiation. Spheroids showed reduced proliferation and size with P+RT. CR-06 and CR-18 further demonstrated three-fold reduced proliferation and organoids size with P+RT. CONCLUSION: Targeting CDK4/6 can lead to improved efficacy when combined with radiation in OCSCC by inducing senescence and inhibiting DNA damage repair.

Relationship of Marianismo Beliefs With the Self-Care Behaviors of Mexican Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Mexican women have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and less compliance with T2DM self-care compared with Mexican men. The term marianismo refers to gender and religiocultural based beliefs that may be a barrier to self-care behaviors among Mexican women. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between marianismo beliefs and self-care behaviors in Mexican women with T2DM. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among women with T2DM who attended primary care centers in Oaxaca, Mexico during 2019. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities and the Marianismo Beliefs Scale were used to measure diabetes self-care and marianismo beliefs, respectively. RESULTS: Among the 547 participants, those with higher marianismo beliefs reported significantly lower scores in diabetes self-care, (r = -.128), exercise (r = -.150), self-monitoring of blood glucose (r = -.119), foot care (r = -.093), and oral hygiene (r = -.114; all p < .01). DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that Mexican women with strong marianismo beliefs are less likely to comply with T2DM self-care behaviors. Marianismo beliefs should be considered a potential risk factor for women's health, since Mexican women may value the social recognition of maintaining these beliefs more than self-care.

The tetrapeptide sequence of IL-1ß regulates its recruitment and activation by inflammatory caspases.

The mammalian innate immune system uses germline-encoded cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect intracellular danger signals. At least six of these PRRs are known to form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes which activate cysteine proteases known as caspases. Canonical inflammasomes recruit and activate caspase-1 (CASP1), which in turn cleaves and activates inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ß and IL-18, as well as the pore forming protein, gasdermin D (GSDMD), to induce pyroptotic cell death. In contrast, non-canonical inflammasomes, caspases-4/-5 (CASP4/5) in humans and caspase-11 (CASP11) in mice, are activated by intracellular LPS to cleave GSDMD, but their role in direct processing of inflammatory cytokines has not been established. Here we show that active CASP4/5 directly cleave IL-18 to generate the active species. Surprisingly, we also discovered that CASP4/5/11 cleave IL-1ß at D27 to generate a 27 kDa fragment that is predicted to be inactive and cannot signal to the IL-1 receptor. Mechanistically, we discovered that the sequence identity of the P4-P1 tetrapeptide sequence adjacent to the caspase cleavage site (D116) regulates the recruitment and processing of IL-1ß by inflammatory caspases to generate the bioactive species. Thus, we have identified new substrates of the non-canonical inflammasomes and reveal key mechanistic details regulating inflammation.

Effect of Combining the Ionophore Monensin with Natural Antimicrobials Supplemented in the Last Phase of Finishing of Lambs: Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics, and Carcass Characteristics.

With the aim of evaluating the effect of combining an antibiotic ionophore with plant extracts and probiotics on the productive efficiency (performance and carcass) during the last phase of lamb fattening, 24 Pelibuey × Katahdin male lambs (38.47 ± 3.92 kg, initial weight) were fed with a high-energy diet during for 56 days, and assigned, under a complete randomized block design experiment to one of the following supplement treatments: (1) 28 mg of monensin/kg diet DM supplemented alone (MON), (2) combination of MON plus 2 g/kg diet of a product contained Bacillus subtilis 2.2 × 108 CFU kg diet DM (MON + BS), (3) combination of MON + BS plus 300 mg essential oils/kg diet DM (MON + BS + EO), and (4) BS alone. At the end of the feeding trial (56-d), lambs were slaughtered and carcass variables were measured. Compared to the rest of the treatments, combining MON with BS improved dietary NE by 3.4% and the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy consumed. Inclusion of EO in the MON + BS combination resulted in a similar average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (GF) when compared with MON + BS, but showed a lower dietary net energy (NE), hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. Lambs receiving BS alone showed greater average ADG and dry matter intake (DMI) than lambs receiving MON + BS + EO, but similar feed GF and dietary NE. There were no treatment effects on tissue composition, whole cut, or visceral organ mass. It was concluded that combining probiotics with the ionophore monensin can improve the efficiency of dietary energy utilization in the last phase of finishing. Probiotics supplemented alone result in greater ADG without a difference in dietary energy efficiency when compared with MON alone. Inclusion of EO in the MON + BS combination did not show advantages; on the contrary, it reduced carcass weight and dressing percentage. It is necessary to further research the potential complementary effects of combining diverse sources of natural additives with synthetic antibiotics.

The tetrapeptide sequence of IL-18 and IL-1ß regulates their recruitment and activation by inflammatory caspases.

Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling complexes that activate the innate immune system. Canonical inflammasomes recruit and activate caspase-1, which then cleaves and activates IL-1ß and IL-18, as well as gasdermin D (GSDMD) to induce pyroptosis. In contrast, non-canonical inflammasomes, caspases-4/-5 (CASP4/5) in humans and caspase-11 (CASP11) in mice, are known to cleave GSDMD, but their role in direct processing of other substrates besides GSDMD has remained unknown. Here, we show that CASP4/5 but not CASP11 can directly cleave and activate IL-18. However, CASP4/5/11 can all cleave IL-1ß to generate a 27-kDa fragment that deactivates IL-1ß signaling. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the sequence identity of the tetrapeptide sequence adjacent to the caspase cleavage site regulates IL-18 and IL-1ß recruitment and activation. Altogether, we have identified new substrates of the non-canonical inflammasomes and reveal key mechanistic details regulating inflammation that may aid in developing new therapeutics for immune-related disorders.

Personality Traits and Self-Care Behaviors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

PURPOSE: Personality traits are an important factor in health behaviors. However, personality traits and self-care in T2DM in the Mexican population are not yet explored due to this; the purpose of this work was to explore the relationship of personality traits with self-care in Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 197 T2DM patients from a primary care center in Oaxaca, Mexico. The Big Five Inventory and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) were the tools used. Correlation models and multiple linear regression models were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Most of the study participants were women (74.6%). The mean age was 53.1 years (SD = 8.4). The average years of schooling of the participants were 5.7 (SD = 4.3). The number of years lived with T2DM was 9.0 (SD = 6.5). The waist circumference was 96.3 (SD = 14.2), and the BMI was 27.5 kg/m2 (SD = 4.1). The traits of conscientiousness (r = 0.283) and openness (r = 0.259) were positively correlated with self-care activities, while neuroticism was inversely correlated (r = -0.144). In the multiple linear regression models, only the conscientiousness and openness traits were predictors of self-care; they explained 19% of the variance. CONCLUSION: People with greater openness and conscientiousness were associated with greater compliance with self-care. Conversely, neuroticism was inversely associated with self-care in patients with T2DM.

Altered Gut Microbiome and Fecal Immune Phenotype in Early Preterm Infants With Leaky Gut.

Intestinal barrier immaturity, or "leaky gut", is the proximate cause of susceptibility to necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Exacerbated intestinal immune responses, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and heightened barrier injury are considered primary triggers of aberrant intestinal maturation in early life. Inordinate host immunity contributes to this process, but the precise elements remain largely uncharacterized, leaving a significant knowledge gap in the biological underpinnings of gut maturation. In this study, we investigated the fecal cytokine profile and gut microbiota in a cohort of 40 early preterm infants <33-weeks-gestation to identify immune markers of intestinal barrier maturation. Three distinct microbiota types were demonstrated to be differentially associated with intestinal permeability (IP), maternal breast milk feeding, and immunological profiles. The Staphylococcus epidermidis- and Enterobacteriaceae-predominant microbiota types were associated with an elevated IP, reduced breast milk feeding, and less defined fecal cytokine profile. On the other hand, a lower IP was associated with increased levels of fecal IL-1α/ß and a microbiota type that included a wide array of anaerobes with expanded fermentative capacity. Our study demonstrated the critical role of both immunological and microbiological factors in the early development of intestinal barrier that collectively shape the intestinal microenvironment influencing gut homeostasis and postnatal intestinal maturation in early preterm newborns.

Statistical optimization of arsenic removal from synthetic water by electrocoagulation system and its application with real arsenic-polluted groundwater.

Arsenic presence in the water has become one of the most concerning environmental problems. Electrocoagulation is a technology that offers several advantages over conventional treatments such as chemical coagulation. In the present work, an electrocoagulation system was optimized for arsenic removal at initial concentrations of 100 µg/L using response surface methodology. The effects of studied parameters were determined by a 23 factorial design, whereas treatment time had a positive effect and current intensity had a negative effect on arsenic removal efficiency. With a p-value of 0.1629 and a confidence of level 99%, the type of electrode material did not have a significant effect on arsenic removal. Efficiency over 90% was reached at optimal operating conditions of 0.2 A of current intensity, and 7 min of treatment time using iron as the electrode material. However, the time necessary to accomplish with OMS arsenic guideline of 10 µg/L increased from 7 to 30 min when real arsenic-contaminated groundwater with an initial concentration of 80.2 ± 3.24 µg/L was used. The design of a pilot-scale electrocoagulation reactor was determined with the capacity to meet the water requirement of a 6417 population community in Sonora, Mexico. To provide the 1.0 L/s required, an electrocoagulation reactor with a working volume of 1.79 m3, a total electrode effective surface of 701 m2, operating at a current intensity of 180 A and an operating cost of 0.0208 US$/day was proposed. Based on these results, electrocoagulation can be considered an efficient technology to treat arsenic-contaminated water and meet the drinking water quality standards.

Dietary patterns are associated with obesity in Mexican schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican schoolchildren has increased in the past three decades. Dietary pattern approaches to assess diet have been used to study the relation between nutrition and chronic conditions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to analyze the association between dietary patterns (DP) and overweight and obesity in Mexican schoolchildren. METHODS: We analyzed information from schoolchildren who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT-2012). Dietary information was obtained through a 24-h recall of 2751 children (5-11 year). Foods were classified into 33 groups, and the DPs were identified by cluster analysis (k-means method). Weight and height were measured to estimate the body mass index (BMI), by classifying overweight if the Z score was >1 and ≤2 standard deviations (SD), and obesity when the Z score was >2SD. To analyze the association, a Poisson regression model was used, adjusting by age, region, area of residence, socioeconomic status (SES), and the survey design. RESULTS: Four DPs were identified: "Traditional", "Industrialized", "Varied", and "Modern". The "Modern" DP was associated with obesity (PR = 1.7) (p < 0.05) compared with the "Traditional" DP. CONCLUSIONS: The "Modern" DP could be influencing the development of obesity in Mexican schoolchildren. The promotion of healthy food and public health strategies to those food groups that should be discouraged are necessary to reverse the obesity epidemic in Mexican children.

Tracking the Nonenrolled: Lung Cancer Screening Patterns Among Individuals not Accrued to a Clinical Trial.

INTRODUCTION: For lung cancer screening, the available data are often derived from patients enrolled prospectively in clinical trials. We, therefore, investigated lung cancer screening patterns among individuals eligible for, but not enrolled in, a screening trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From February 2017 through February 2019, we enrolled subjects in a trial examining telephone-based navigation during low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening. We identified patients for whom LDCT was ordered and who were approached, but not enrolled, in the trial. We categorized nonenrollment as the patient had declined or could not be reached. We compared the characteristics and LDCT completion rates among these groups and the enrolled population using the 2-sample t test and χ2 test. RESULTS: Of 900 individuals approached for participation (mean age, 62 years; 45% women, 53% black), 447 were enrolled in the screening clinical trial. No significant demographic differences were found between the enrolled and nonenrolled cohorts. Of the 453 individuals not enrolled, 251 (55%) had declined participation and 202 (45%) could not be reached, despite up to 6 attempts. LDCT completion was significantly associated with enrollment status: 81% of enrolled individuals, 73% of individuals who declined participation, and 49% of those who could not be reached (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In the present single-center study, demographic factors did not predict for participation in a lung cancer screening trial. Lung cancer screening adherence rates were substantially lower for those not enrolled in a screening trial, especially for those who could not be contacted. These findings may inform the broader implementation of screening programs.

Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LOFU)-mediated Acoustic Immune Priming and Ablative Radiation Therapy for in situ Tumor Vaccines.

Focal ablative therapies have been primarily used for local tumor ablation. However, they often fail to impact systemic disease. Here we propose the use of low intensity focused ultrasound (LOFU), a noninvasive, nontoxic, conformal therapy, to deliver acoustic stress to the tumor for immune priming. We demonstrate that LOFU significantly induces expression and cell surface localization of heat shock proteins in murine breast (4T1) and prostate adenocarcinoma (TPSA23) cancer cell lines. In vivo LOFU followed by ablative radiation therapy (RT) results in primary tumor cure, upregulation of a cytotoxic immune response and induction of immunological memory by inhibiting secondary tumor growth upon re-challenge with tumor cells. We, therefore, describe a regimen of a combination therapy with noninvasive, acoustic immune priming and ablative radiation therapy to generate an in situ tumor vaccine, induce CD8+ T cells against tumor-associated antigens and provide a viable oncologic treatment option for solid tumors.