Hydrophobization of Ribonucleic Acids for Facile Systemic Delivery and Multifaceted Cancer Immunotherapy.

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) enable disease-related gene inhibition, expression, and editing and represent promising therapeutics in various diseases. The efficacy of RNA relies heavily on the presence of a secure and effective delivery system. Herein, we found that RNA could be hydrophobized by cationic lipid and ionizable lipid and conveniently coassemble with amphiphilic polymer to achieve micelle-like nanoparticles (MNP). The results of the study indicate that MNP exhibits a high level of efficiency in delivering RNA. Besides, the MNP encapsulating siRNA that targets CD47 and PD-L1 remarkably blocked these immune checkpoints in a melanoma tumor model and elicited a robust immune response. Moreover, the MNP encapsulating the mRNA of OVA achieved antigen translation and presentation, leading to an effective antitumor immunoprophylaxis outcome against OVA-expressing melanoma model. Our findings suggest that RNA hydrophobization could serve as a viable approach for delivering RNA, thereby facilitating the exploration of RNA therapy in disease treatment.

The effect of social anxiety on teenagers' internet addiction: the mediating role of loneliness and coping styles.

BACKGROUND & AIM: There is a lack of understanding of how social anxiety may affect Internet addiction among adolescents. Based on several theories, the purpose of this study was to investigate the multiple mediating roles of loneliness and coping styles in the association between social anxiety and Internet addiction in Chinese adolescents. METHODS: This study used the Social Anxiety Scale, Internet Addiction Test, Loneliness Scale, and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire to investigate 1188 students in two junior high schools and senior high schools in Henan Province, China. We adopted Pearson's correlation analysis and the PROCESS Macro Model 81 in regression analysis to explore the relationships among social anxiety, loneliness, coping styles, and Internet addiction. RESULTS: We found that social anxiety not only directly affects teenagers' Internet addiction, but also affects teenagers' Internet addiction through loneliness and coping styles. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasize the importance of improving social anxiety to reduce Internet addiction among adolescents. At the same time, it also emphasizes the need to reduce adolescents' loneliness and cultivating positive coping styles. In addition, this study has certain theoretical significance for teenagers' mental health and intervention studies on Internet addiction.

The effect of work readiness on work well-being for newly graduated nurses: The mediating role of emotional labor and psychological capital.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between work readiness and work well-being for newly graduated nurses and the mediating role of emotional labor and psychological capital in this relationship. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in mainland China. A total of 478 newly graduated nurses completed the Work Readiness Scale, Emotional Labour Scale, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Work Well-being Scale. Descriptive statistical methods, Pearson correlation analysis, and a structural equation model were used to analyze the available data. RESULTS: Newly graduated nurses' work readiness was significantly positively correlated with work well-being (r = 0.21, p < 0.01), deep acting (r = 0.11, p < 0.05), and psychological capital (r = 0.18, p < 0.01). Emotional labor and psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between work readiness and work well-being. Additionally, emotional labor and psychological capital had a chain-mediating effect on the association. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Work readiness not only affects newly graduated nurses' work well-being directly but also indirectly through emotional labor and psychological capital. These results provide theoretical support and guidance for the study and improvement of newly graduated nurses' work well-being and emphasize the importance of intervention measures to improve work readiness and psychological capital and the adoption of deep-acting emotional-labor strategies.

Correlates of death anxiety for patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to identify the factors related to cancer death anxiety based on available evidence. DESIGN: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. METHODS: Seven databases were searched to identify studies on the relationships of cancer death anxiety with demographic characteristics, disease factors and psychosocial factors from inception to May 2023. The Agency for Medical Research and Quality (AHRQ) scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. After two researchers independently completed the literature search, data extraction and quality evaluation, meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan5.3 and Stata 17.0 software. RESULTS: In total, 52 studies were included in this review. The results revealed that there were positive correlations of death anxiety with female sex, the symptom burden, anxiety levels, depression levels, fear of recurrence, attachment avoidance, psychological distress, resignation and confrontation coping. Death anxiety was negatively correlated with age, education level, ability to perform daily activities, self-esteem, spiritual well-being, sense of meaning in life, resilience, quality of life, social support and religious beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results can inform the design of interventions to address death anxiety and improve the overall quality of life of cancer patients. Healthcare professionals should promptly identify and focus on death anxiety in high-risk populations of cancer patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Cancer patients commonly experience death anxiety, and this anxiety has a nonnegligible impact on patients' mental health and overall quality of life. This study can inform the development of interventions by clinical healthcare professionals. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This was a meta-analysis based on data from previous studies.

A Polymeric Nanosponge as a Broad-Spectrum Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenger for Acute Kidney Injury Treatment.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is closely associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause multiple organ dysfunctions without timely treatment. However, only supportive treatments are currently available for AKI in clinics. Here, we developed nanomaterials of hyperbranched polyphosphoester (PPE) containing abundant thioether (S-PPE NP) and thioketal bonds (TK-PPE NP). Our data demonstrates that S-PPE NP exhibits an excellent capability of absorbing and scavenging multiple types of ROS, including H2O2, •OH, and •O2-, via thioether oxidation to sulfone or sulfoxide; it was also determined that S-PPE NP efficiently eliminates intracellular ROS, thus preventing cellular damage. Moreover, S-PPE NP was able to efficiently accumulate in the injured kidneys of AKI-bearing mice. As a result, the administration of S-PPE NP provided a superior therapeutic effect in AKI-bearing mice by downregulating ROS- and inflammation-related signaling pathways, thus reducing cell apoptosis. This thioether-containing polymer represents a promising broad-spectrum ROS scavenger that can be used for effective AKI treatments.

The impact of perceived organizational justice on young nurses' job performance: a chain mediating role of organizational climate and job embeddedness.

BACKGROUND: The level of nurses' job performance has always been of great concern, which not only represents the level of nursing service quality but is also closely related to patients' treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between perceived organizational justice and job performance and to explore the mediating role of organizational climate and job embeddedness among young Chinese nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 1136 young nurses was conducted between March and May 2023 using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Job Performance Scale, Organizational Justice Assessment Scale, Nursing Organizational Climate Scale, and Job Embeddedness Scale, and the resulting data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 26.0. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between job performance and perceived organizational justice (r = 0.477, p < 0.01), organizational climate (r = 0.500, p < 0.01), and job embeddedness (r = 0.476, p < 0.01). Organizational climate and job embeddedness acted as chain mediators between perceived organizational justice and job performance. The total effect of perceived organizational justice on job performance (ß = 0.513) consisted of a direct effect (ß = 0.311) as well as an indirect effect (ß = 0.202) mediated through organizational climate and job embeddedness, with the mediating effect accounting for 39.38% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS: Organizational climate and job embeddedness play a chain mediating role between perceived organizational justice and job performance, so hospital managers should pay attention to the level of perceived organizational justice among young nurses, and develop a series of targeted measures to improve their job performance using organizational climate and job embeddedness as entry points.

The effect of perceived organizational justice on workplace deviant behavior of new nurses: the role of emotional labor and psychological capital.

BACKGROUND: New nurses are prone to workplace deviant behavior in the constrained hospital environment, which will not only directly affect the safety of patients, but also reduce the work efficiency of nurses and bring negative results to the hospital. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational justice, emotional labor, psychological capital, and workplace deviant behavior of new nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was used in this study. A survey was conducted in 5 hospitals in Henan Province, Chain from February to April 2023. The sample size was 546. The questionnaire included general information, perceived organizational justice scale, emotional labor scale, psychological capital scale, and workplace deviant behavior scale. SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS Macro were used for data analysis. PROCESS Model 4 and Model 14 were used to verify the model. RESULTS: This study displays that perceived organizational justice was negatively correlated with emotional labor and workplace deviant behavior, and emotional labor was positively correlated with workplace deviant behavior. Meanwhile, emotional labor plays a partial mediating role between perceived organizational justice and workplace deviant behavior, accounting for 32.7% of the total effect. Moreover, the path of emotional labor on workplace deviant behavior is moderated by psychological capital. CONCLUSION: This study further understood the workplace deviant behavior of new nurses, and provided a new perspective for solving this problem. Nurse managers can reduce workplace deviant behavior by enhancing the perceived organizational justice and psychological capital of new nurses and improving emotional labor.

LAPIS is a fast web API for massive open virus sequencing data.

BACKGROUND: Recent epidemic outbreaks such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the mpox outbreak in 2022 have demonstrated the value of genomic sequencing data for tracking the origin and spread of pathogens. Laboratories around the globe generated new sequences at unprecedented speed and volume and bioinformaticians developed new tools and dashboards to analyze this wealth of data. However, a major challenge that remains is the lack of simple and efficient approaches for accessing and processing sequencing data. RESULTS: The Lightweight API for Sequences (LAPIS) facilitates rapid retrieval and analysis of genomic sequencing data through a REST API. It supports complex mutation- and metadata-based queries and can perform aggregation operations on massive datasets. LAPIS is optimized for typical questions relevant to genomic epidemiology. Using a newly-developed in-memory database engine, it has a high speed and throughput: between 25 January and 4 February 2023, the SARS-CoV-2 instance of LAPIS, which contains 14.5 million sequences, processed over 20 million requests with a mean response time of 411 ms and a median response time of 1 ms. LAPIS is the core engine behind our dashboards on genspectrum.org and we currently maintain public LAPIS instances for SARS-CoV-2 and mpox. CONCLUSIONS: Powered by an optimized database engine and available through a web API, LAPIS enhances the accessibility of genomic sequencing data. It is designed to serve as a common backend for dashboards and analyses with the potential to be integrated into common database platforms such as GenBank.

CoV-Spectrum: analysis of globally shared SARS-CoV-2 data to identify and characterize new variants.

SUMMARY: The CoV-Spectrum website supports the identification of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and the tracking of known variants. Its flexible amino acid and nucleotide mutation search allows querying of variants before they are designated by a lineage nomenclature system. The platform brings together SARS-CoV-2 data from different sources and applies analyses. Results include the proportion of different variants over time, their demographic and geographic distributions, common mutations, hospitalization and mortality probabilities, estimates for transmission fitness advantage and insights obtained from wastewater samples. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: CoV-Spectrum is available at https://cov-spectrum.org. The code is released under the GPL-3.0 license at https://github.com/cevo-public/cov-spectrum-website.

Professional identity and sense of coherence affect the between compassion fatigue and work engagement among Chinese hospital nurses.

BACKGROUND: With the continuous improvement of people's health needs, the public's requirements for medical care are also getting higher and higher. Work engagement is a positive psychological state related to the work. It is very important to maintain nurses' work engagement, however, due to many factors, the level of nurses' work engagement is not high and nursing managers should identify the influencing factors of work engagement, and take positive measures to fully improve nurses' work engagement. OBJECTIVES: To explore the influence of compassion fatigue, professional identity and sense of coherence on nurses' work engagement. METHODS: From January 2022 to June 2022, convenience sampling was used to select clinical nurses from 9 tertiary hospitals in Henan Province of China as the research objects for a questionnaire survey. Statistical methods included descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and the PROCESS Macro Model 4 and 7 in regression analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that compassion fatigue was significantly negatively correlated with sense of coherence, professional identity and work engagement (P<0.01), professional identity was significantly positively correlated with sense of coherence and work engagement (P<0.01), and there was a significant positive correlation between sense of coherence and work engagement (P<0.01). Professional identity played a partial mediating role between compassion fatigue and work engagement, accounting for 46.40% of the total effect; meanwhile, sense of coherence moderated the effect of compassion fatigue on professional identity and formed a moderated mediation model. CONCLUSIONS: Compassion fatigue has a negative predictive effect on nurses' work engagement. Professional identity and sense of coherence further explained the relationship of compassion fatigue on compassion fatigue and work engagement through mediating and moderating effects.

Flubendazole Plays an Important Anti-Tumor Role in Different Types of Cancers.

Flubendazole, belonging to benzimidazole, is a broad-spectrum insect repellent and has been repurposed as a promising anticancer drug. In recent years, many studies have shown that flubendazole plays an anti-tumor role in different types of cancers, including breast cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Although the anti-tumor mechanism of flubendazole has been studied, it has not been fully understood. In this review, we summarized the recent studies regarding the anti-tumor effects of flubendazole in different types of cancers and analyzed the related mechanisms, in order to provide the theoretical reference for further studies in the future.

The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Liver Disorders.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle responsible for the synthesis, modification, folding and assembly of proteins; calcium storage; and lipid synthesis. When ER homeostatic balance is disrupted by a variety of physiological and pathological factors-such as glucose deficiency, environmental toxins, Ca2+ level changes, etc.-ER stress can be induced. Abnormal ER stress can be involved in many diseases. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), an intracellular receptor, can perceive internal and external stimuli. It binds to apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1 to assemble into a protein complex called the NLRP3 inflammasome. Evidence indicates that ER stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome participate in many pathological processes; however, the exact mechanism remains to be understood. In this review, we summarized the role of ER stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome in liver disorders and analyzed the mechanisms, to provide references for future related research.

The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation of Autophagy in Liver Disorders.

Autophagy is a complex process of degradation of senescent or dysfunctional organelles in cells. Dysfunctional autophagy is associated with many diseases such as cancers, immune dysfunction, and aging. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered to be the third gas signal molecule after nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide. In recent years, H2S has been found to have a variety of important biological functions, and plays an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we review the recent role and mechanism of H2S in regulating autophagy in liver disorders, in order to provide a basis for further research in the future.

The mediating effects of coping style and resilience on the relationship between parenting style and academic procrastination among Chinese undergraduate nursing students: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: How to kindle the learning enthusiasm of nursing students and reduce the incidence of academic procrastination is an important factor in reducing student attrition and improving the quality of nursing education. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the mediating role of coping style and resilience on the association between parenting styles and academic procrastination among nursing undergraduates. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 683 nursing undergraduates was conducted in China from March to May 2022. Parenting styles, coping style, resilience, and academic procrastination were measured using questionnaires. Descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis and Hayes' PROCESS Macro in SPSS 25.0 were used to test the model. RESULTS: Positive parenting style had a significantly direct effect on academic procrastination and through three significantly indirect pathways: (1) through positive coping style (B = - 0.048, 95% CI: - 0.074 to - 0.025), accounting for 14.71% of the total effect; (2) through negative coping style (B = - 0.044, 95% CI: - 0.071 to - 0.021), accounting for 13.64% of the total effect; and (3) through resilience (B = - 0.074, 95% CI: - 0.107 to - 0.044), accounting for 22.82% of the total effect. Moreover, negative parenting style had a significantly direct effect on academic procrastination and through two significantly indirect pathways: (1) through negative coping style (B = 0.056, 95% CI: 0.032 to 0.086), accounting for 21.73% of the total effect, and (2) through resilience (B = 0.028, 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.055), accounting for 10.93% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS: Intervention measures to reduce the academic procrastination of nursing undergraduates should include the evaluations of coping styles and resilience of nursing students and cultivation strategies to promote their positive coping styles and resilience.

Professional identity and emotional labour affect the relationship between perceived organisational justice and job performance among Chinese hospital nurses.

AIM: To investigate the influence of perceived organisational justice, professional identity and emotional labour on nurses' job performance. BACKGROUND: Previous studies have not explored the impact of professional identity and emotional labour on the relationship between perceived organisational justice and job performance. However, how to mobilize the enthusiasm of nurses and improve their job performance is the key for nursing managers to realize the sustainable development of hospitals. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was conducted. A total of 951 nurses from public hospitals in China participated in the survey from March-June 2021. The descriptive statistical approach, Pearson's correlation analysis and the PROCESS Macro Model 4 and 14 in regression analysis were used to analyse the available data. RESULTS: The results showed that nurses' perceived organisational justice, professional identity, emotional labour and job performance were significantly positive correlations between every two variables, with coefficients ranging between .24 and .75. Professional identity played a whole mediating role in perceived organisational justice and job performance, accounting for 98.04% of the total effect; meanwhile, this process was moderated by emotional labour. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived organisational justice positively predicted nurses' job performance; as a mediating mechanism with moderating, professional identity and emotional labour further explained how perceived organisational justice promoted the job performance of nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: This study highlighted the moderated mediation role of professional identity and emotional labour between nurses' perceived organisational justice and job performance. Understanding this mechanism has guiding significance for nursing managers to improve nurses' job performance.

Nurses' voice behaviour: The influence of humble leadership, affective commitment and job embeddedness in China.

AIM: To test the influence of humble leadership, job embeddedness and affective commitment on the voice behaviour of nurses. BACKGROUND: A nurse's voice behaviour is regarded as an important measure to identify and solve problems in medical institutions, and improve patients' satisfaction. It is urgent to pay sufficient attention to nurses' advice to determine which factors can stimulate enthusiasm in this area. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study involving 598 nurses. RESULTS: The results showed that humble leadership, job embeddedness, affective commitment and voice behaviour were significantly positively correlated. Job embeddedness played a partial mediating role in humble leadership and affective commitment; meanwhile, affective commitment also partially mediated the influence of job embeddedness on voice behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Humble leadership was the key to improve the voice behaviour of nurses; as a mediating mechanism, job embeddedness and affective commitment further explained how humble leadership promoted the voice behaviour of nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The effects of humble leadership, job embeddedness and affective commitment to voice behaviour could be used to guide the management of clinical nurses. In particular, the humble leadership style perceived by nurses and the enhanced emotional connection with the organisation would contribute to the generation of voice behaviour.

Real-Time Monitoring Method for Layered Compaction Quality of Loess Subgrade Based on Hydraulic Compactor Reinforcement.

Hydraulic compactor is an efficient reinforcement machine for loess subgrade. However, it is difficult to control the layered compaction quality of the subgrade. This research presents a real-time layered compactness monitoring method for hydraulic compactor reinforcement of subgrade in loess areas. The hydraulic force coefficient is first introduced, and the dynamic response model of the hydraulic rammer and soil is established. The relationship between the acceleration of the hydraulic rammer and the compactness of subgrade is then obtained based on the collision theory in elastic half space. A full-scale test using a hydraulic compactor to reinforce loess subgrade was also carried out. Results show that the hydraulic compactor obtains the effective influence depth for the reinforcement of loess subgrade. Within the effective reinforcement depth, the relationship between the peak acceleration of the rammer and the layered compactness of subgrade can be well fitted by a quadratic function model. The layered compactness of the subgrade and the working state of the hydraulic compactor can then be remotely monitored at a mobile terminal in real time. Furthermore, the monitoring technology was applied to Huangling-Yan'an Expressway in China, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of real-time monitoring of the layered compactness of subgrade in the loess area.

The Role of Pyroptosis and Autophagy in the Nervous System.

Autophagy is a conservative self-degradation system, which includes the two major processes of enveloping abnormal proteins, organelles and other macromolecules, and transferring them into lysosomes for the subsequent degradation. It holds the stability of the intracellular environment under stress. So far, three types of autophagy have been found: microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy and macroautophagy. Many diseases have the pathological process of autophagy dysfunction, such as nervous system diseases. Pyroptosis is one kind of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin (GSDM). In this process of pyroptosis, the activated caspase-3, caspase-4/5/11, or caspase-1 cleaves GSDM into the N-terminal pore-forming domain (PFD). The oligomer of PFD combines with the cell membrane to form membrane holes, thus leading to pyroptosis. Pyroptosis plays a key role in multiple tissues and organs. Many studies have revealed that autophagy and pyroptosis participate in the nervous system, but the mechanisms need to be fully clarified. Here, we focused on the recent articles on the role and mechanism of pyroptosis and autophagy in the pathological processes of the nervous system.

The Effect of Bullying Victimization on Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: The Mediating Roles of Alexithymia and Self-Esteem.

Background & Aim: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents is a serious public health issue influenced by the interaction of multiple factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the multiple mediating roles of alexithymia and self-esteem in the association between bullying victimization and NSSI in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Methods: A survey of 1299 adolescents from two public middle schools in Henan Province, China, was undertaken. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Delaware bullying victimization scale-student (DBVS-S), the Toronto Alexithymia-20 Scale (TAS-20-C), the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), and the adolescent self-injury questionnaire. Besides, we performed a structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables using AMOS 26.0 to examine the relationship between variables and the mediating effects. Results: The SEM analysis found that not only can bullying victimization directly impact NSSI, but that alexithymia and self-esteem have a chain mediating effect in the association between bullying victimization and NSSI. This mediating effect contributed 22.47% to the total effect. Conclusion: These findings validate bullying victimization, alexithymia, and low self-esteem are important variables that affect NSSI among Chinese adolescents. Educators need to implement some prevention and intervention strategies to ameliorate the campus atmosphere and adolescents' mental health aimed at avoiding NSSI behavior in adolescence.

The relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction in adolescents: A meta-analysis.

Objective: Many studies have explored the relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction from different theoretical perspectives; however, the results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP electronic databases were searched to identify studies examining the correlation between childhood trauma and adolescent internet addiction. The databases were searched from inception to December 31, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Then, Stata 17.0 software was used to perform meta-analysis. Results: This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023388699). A total of 19 studies involving 21,398 adolescents were included in this meta-analysis. The random effects model was used for pooled analysis, and the results revealed a strong positive association between childhood trauma and internet addiction (r = 0.395, 95% CI [0.345, 0.442]). The relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction was moderated by sample size, survey area, and internet addiction measurement tools. There were significant differences between the associations based on the various child trauma measurement tools and study quality scores. However, interstudy heterogeneity was not significantly affected by study year, sample source, or participant age. Conclusion: Internet addiction is positively correlated with childhood trauma. Therefore, it is extremely important for parents to provide a good growth environment during childhood to enhance the physical and mental development of adolescents. A warm family atmosphere helps individuals develop a healthy personality, thereby reducing or preventing the occurrence of internet addiction. Due to the limited number and low quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by additional high-quality studies.