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Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common inflammatory disease with high heterogeneity and postoperative recidivation. The IL-33/ST2 axis is known to be involved in Th2 immune responses. This study is aimed at exploring levels of serum IL-33 and soluble ST2 (sST2) in CRSwNP patients and their potential for predicting CRSwNP endotypes and postoperative recurrence. Methods: The present study recruited 149 CRSwNP patients, 80 of whom were noneosinophilic (neCRSwNP) and 69 eosinophilic (eCRSwNP), as well as 60 healthy controls (HCs). Serum samples were collected from all participants, and sST2 and IL-33 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Multivariate analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the value of serum sST2 and IL-33 levels in distinguishing CRSwNP endotypes and predicting postoperative recurrence. Results: The levels of serum sST2 and IL-33 in CRSwNP patients were significantly higher than those in HCs, especially in the eCRSwNP group. Increased sST2 and IL-33 levels were associated with eosinophil counts and percentages in both tissue and blood. Multivariate regression and ROC curve analysis showed that serum sST2 and IL-33 exhibited potential for distinguishing CRSwNP endotypes, and the combination of serum IL-33 and sST2 showed even more predictive power. Finally, 124 CRSwNP patients completed the entire 3-year follow-up. Multivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves showed that serum sST2 and IL-33 levels were associated with recurrence; serum sST2 and IL-33 each exhibited potential for predicting postoperative recurrence, and combining serum sST2 and IL-33 exhibited better accuracy and practicability. Conclusion: Our results suggested that serum sST2 and IL-33 levels were upregulated in CRSwNP patients and related to the degree of mucosal eosinophil infiltration and postoperative recurrence. Serum sST2 and IL-33 might serve as objective biomarkers for distinguishing phenotypes and predicting recurrence in CRSwNP, and their combined use outperformed either marker alone.
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Interleucina-33 , Pólipos Nasais , Rinite , Sinusite , Biomarcadores/sangue , Doença Crônica , Eosinófilos/patologia , Humanos , Interleucina-33/sangue , Pólipos Nasais/sangue , Rinite/sangue , Rinite/cirurgia , Sinusite/sangue , Sinusite/cirurgiaRESUMO
Cultural differences have been reported between the taste sensitivity of persons of Asian and European ancestry, although findings have been mixed. This study sought to determine whether American and Chinese adults perform differently on a novel taste test that requires no water, can be self-administered, and employs a representative of umami as one of its tastants. This 53-trial test was administered to 113 Chinese and 214 Americans. The subjects orally sampled monomer cellulose pads containing one of four dried concentrations of sucrose, citric acid, NaCl, caffeine, and monosodium glutamate and indicated whether a sweet, sour, bitter, salty, brothy, or no taste sensation was perceived. Separate gender by culture analyses of covariance with age as the covariate were performed on the total score and the scores of each taste stimulus. For all taste qualities, women outperformed men and test scores declined with age. No difference between American and Chinese subjects was found for the total taste score (p = .129) or for the sucrose (p = .129) or NaCl (p = .368) scores. However, for monosodium glutamate, the scores were 28.40% higher for the Chinese than for the American subjects (p = .024), and for citric acid and caffeine, the scores were 24.12 and 21.79% higher for the American subjects (p's = .001 and .029). The basis for these differences is unclear, although both anatomical (e.g., differences in density or distribution of taste buds) and cultural factors may be involved. Future work is needed to determine the cause of these largely novel findings and whether they generalize to other Chinese and American samples. Practical applicationsIn this study, a practical self-administered quantitative taste test that requires no water was found to be sensitive to quality-specific differences in test scores between Chinese and American subjects, as well as to age and gender. The Chinese subjects outperformed the American subjects in correctly identifying the quality of monosodium glutamate (umami), whereas the American subjects outperformed Chinese subjects in correctly identifying the bitter and sour qualities of caffeine and citric acid, respectively. Experiential factors related to culture-specific cuisines may explain some of these differences. This research indicates that a relatively rapid taste test, which can be sent through the mail and which requires no test administrator or source of water, can be used in cross-cultural studies to elucidate individual differences in taste perception.
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BACKGROUND: Suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is a key biomarker in inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, but limited data is available on its role in allergic rhinitis (AR). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to explore the role of serum soluble ST2 (sST2) in evaluating disease severity and predicting the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in house dust mite- (HDM-) induced AR patients. METHODS: Eighty healthy controls (HC group) and 160 HDM-induced AR patients, including 40 mild patients (MAR group) and 120 moderate-severe patients (MSAR group), were recruited in this study. Serum was collected from all participants and levels of sST2 were determined by ELISA and the relationship between sST2 levels and disease severity was assessed. In the MSAR group, 109 patients received 3 years of SLIT, and the relationship between serum levels of sST2 and efficacy of SLIT was exampled. RESULTS: Serum sST2 levels were increased in HDM-induced AR patients compared to the HC group (P < 0.001), and the concentrations were higher in the MSAR group than in the MAR group and HC group (all P < 0.05). Moreover, sST2 levels positively correlated with the total nasal symptom score (TNSS), visual analogue scale (VAS), and specific IgE levels (P < 0.05). Seventy-eight MSAR patients accomplished SLIT, and they were divided into an effective group (n = 40) and an ineffective group (n = 38). The serum sST2 levels in the effective group were lower than those in the ineffective group (P < 0.001). In addition, patients in the effective group levels exhibited significantly lower sST2 levels post-SLIT than pre-SLIT (P < 0.001), but no statistic difference was observed in the ineffective group (P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed promising accuracy for predicting clinical efficacy of SLIT in AR patients (area under the curve = 0.839, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Serum sST2 is a potential biomarker for assessing disease severity and may serve as a sensitive biomarker for predicting the therapeutic response of SLIT in HDM-induced AR patients.
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Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Imunoterapia/métodos , Proteína 1 Semelhante a Receptor de Interleucina-1/sangue , Rinite Alérgica/sangue , Rinite Alérgica/imunologia , Imunoterapia Sublingual/métodos , Administração Sublingual , Adulto , Alérgenos , Animais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Pyroglyphidae , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Some bitter taste receptors (TAS2R gene products) are expressed in the human sinonasal cavity and may function to detect airborne irritants. The expression of all 25 human bitter taste receptors and their location within the upper airway is not yet clear. The aim of this study is to characterize the presence and distribution of TAS2R transcripts and solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) in different locations of the human sinonasal cavity. Biopsies were obtained from human subjects at up to 4 different sinonasal anatomic sites. PCR, microarray, and qRT-PCR were used to examine gene transcript expression. The 25 human bitter taste receptors as well as the sweet/umami receptor subunit, TAS1R3, and canonical taste signaling effectors are expressed in sinonasal tissue. All 25 human bitter taste receptors are expressed in the human upper airway, and expression of these gene products was higher in the ethmoid sinus than nasal cavity locations. Fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstrates that epithelial TRPM5 and TAS2R38 are expressed in a rare cell population compared with multiciliated cells, and at times, consistent with SCC morphology. Secondary analysis of published human sinus single-cell RNAseq data did not uncover TAS2R or canonical taste transduction transcripts in multiciliated cells. These findings indicate that the sinus has higher expression of SCC markers than the nasal cavity in chronic rhinosinusitis patients, comprising a rare cell type. Biopsies obtained from the ethmoid sinus may serve as the best location for study of human upper airway taste receptors and SCCs.
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Células Quimiorreceptoras/metabolismo , Cavidade Nasal/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Pollen allergies have a high prevalence in northern China, whereas, the types of pollen allergens and population characteristics among different regions remain unclear. Objective: To study the species and temporal distribution of the main allergenic pollen, as well as the characteristics of patients with pollen-related allergic rhinitis (AR) in different cities in northern China. Methods: Pollen data were obtained from pollen-monitoring stations in 13 cities of northern China between 2020 and 2021. Questionnaire surveys and allergen testing were conducted in 494 patients with pollen-related allergies from Beijing in Central, Shenyang in Northeast, and Xi'an in Northwest China. Results: In 13 cities of northern China, the main sources of pollen were cypress, poplar, elm, pine, birch and ash in spring, and mugwort, goosefoot, hop and ragweed in autumn. In Northwest China, the spring and autumn pollen periods started earlier and lasted longer than that in Central and Northeast China, and the pollen counts in autumn in was significantly higher than that in Central and Northeast China. Furthermore, the nasal, ocular and respiratory symptom and quality of life scores of AR patients in Northwest China were significantly higher than that in Central and Northeast China. 69.32-73.28% of patients had annual cost of anti-allergic medication between 500-5000 yuan. However, 40.93-48.86% of patients reported minor control of symptoms. Conclusion: Our results can be used as a basis for developing effective prevention and management measures for patients with pollen-related allergy in these regions, including timely pollen monitoring, patient guidance on protective measures, early intervention, and specific immunotherapy, to improve pollen-related allergy management.
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Introduction: There have been large geographical differences in the infection and death rates of COVID-19. Foods and beverages containing high amounts of phytochemicals with bioactive properties were suggested to prevent contracting and to facilitate recovery from COVID-19. The goal of our study was to determine the correlation of the type of foods/beverages people consumed and the risk reduction of contracting COVID-19 and the recovery from COVID-19. Methods: We developed an online survey that asked the participants whether they contracted COVID-19, their symptoms, time to recover, and their frequency of eating various types of foods/beverages. The survey was developed in 10 different languages. Results: The participants who did not contract COVID-19 consumed vegetables, herbs/spices, and fermented foods/beverages significantly more than the participants who contracted COVID-19. Among the six countries (India/Iran/Italy/Japan/Russia/Spain) with over 100 participants and high correspondence between the location of the participants and the language of the survey, in India and Japan the people who contracted COVID-19 showed significantly shorter recovery time, and greater daily intake of vegetables, herbs/spices, and fermented foods/beverages was associated with faster recovery. Conclusions: Our results suggest that phytochemical compounds included in the vegetables may have contributed in not only preventing contraction of COVID-19, but also accelerating their recovery.
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Pneumonia is a common cause of hospitalization and death in children worldwide. Inhalation therapy is one of the methods treating pneumonia However, there are limited studies that distinguish between the physiology of children and adults, especially with respect to targeted drug delivery. A tracheobronchial (TB) tree model of an 11-year-old child with bronchopneumonia is selected as a testbed for in silico trials of targeted drug delivery. The airflow and particle transport are solved by the computational fluid dynamics method at an airflow rate of 15 LPM. The results indicate that the distribution of deposited particles shows aggregation on the particle release map. Point-source aerosol release (PSAR) method can significantly reduce the deposition efficiency (DE) of particles in the TB tree model. Specifically, the PSAR method can reduce the DE of large particles (i.e., 7.5 µm and 10 µm) by 7.57% and 9.61%, respectively. This enables rapid design of patient-specific treatment for different population age groups and different airway diseases.
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Broncopneumonia , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Aerossóis e Gotículas Respiratórios , Brônquios , Pulmão , Tamanho da Partícula , Simulação por Computador , Administração por Inalação , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Our previous study showed that miR-146a-3p was elevated in serum exosomes of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients, but the underlying mechanisms were unclarified. This study was to investigate the impact of exosome-derived miR-146a-3p on macrophage polarization in the pathology of AR. METHOD: We detected the expression of miR-146a-3p in nasal tissues of AR patients and healthy controls (HCs), and investigated its correlation with macrophage polarization markers. The impact of miR-146a-3p derived from AR serum exosomes on macrophage polarization was examined. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on macrophages treated with a miR-146a-3p inhibitor, and target genes of miR-146a-3p were explored through a combination of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. RESULTS: The expressions of miR-146a-3p and macrophage polarization markers were increased in the AR nasal tissues, and a positive association was observed between the expressions of miR-146a-3p and the levels of CD163 and CD206. The AR serum exosomes could be uptake by macrophages, and promote M2 polarization and cytokine secretions. Mechanistically, miR-146a-3p regulation could impact both macrophage M2 polarization and cytokine secretion. Inhibition of miR-146a-3p altered the gene transcriptions within macrophages. Bioinformatics analysis and clinical pathological specimen research confirmed that VAV3 was a target gene of miR-146a-3p, and it exerted a detrimental effect on macrophage M2 polarization via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Functional recovery experiments and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-146a-3p could selectively target and inhibit the expression of VAV3, thereby promoting macrophage M2 polarization through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION: Serum exosome-derived miR-146a-3p facilitated macrophage M2 polarization in AR by targeting VAV3 through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These findings implied that miR-146a-3p and VAV3 could serve as potential targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in AR management.
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Exossomos , MicroRNAs , Rinite Alérgica , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Exossomos/genética , Exossomos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Rinite Alérgica/patologia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-vav/metabolismoRESUMO
Objective:This study examined the influences of age and gender on the taste function of a sizable sample of healthy Chinese subjects using the Waterless Empirical Taste Testï¼WETT®ï¼, and provided scientific evidences for taste evaluation in clinic. Methods:A total of 159 subjects were tested based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The 53 stimuli strips, presented on monomer cellulose pads, were designed to test 5 basic taste functions including sour, sweet, bitter, salty and umami of all subjects. The analysis was computed in SAS 9.4 statistical software. Results:The total taste score of the subjects was 35.00±8.94; the average test administration time wasï¼21.61±7.80ï¼ min. The total test scores decreased across age categoriesï¼young group: 37.41±8.12, middle-aged group: 34.48±9.04, elderly group: 29.31±8.64ï¼, the correlation coefficient between the total test scores and age was r=-0.335, P<0.05. There were significant differences in sour and bitter scores among different age groupsï¼Psour=0.019, Pbitter<0.001ï¼. Overall, women outperformed men on the total testï¼[36.53±8.72]vs[32.93±8.87], P=0.012ï¼. There were correlations among individual taste of scores, and the correlation coefficient between umami and total score was the strongestï¼rumami/total=0.700ï¼P<0.05ï¼. Conclusion:This study demonstrated that a simple self-administered taste test, the WETT®, could be applied to Chinese healthy people. Age and gender-effects are the main factors which affect gustatory function.
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População do Leste Asiático , Paladar , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Percepção GustatóriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR), but its efficacy is variable among individuals. This study aimed to characterize serum exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and evaluate their abilities in predicting the efficacy of SLIT in AR. METHODS: RNA sequencing was performed to explore differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs in serum exosomes between AR patients and healthy controls (HCs). Sequencing analysis results were verified in an independent cohort, and the correlations between the levels of exosome-derived miRNAs and disease severity were evaluated. The most promising miRNAs were further tested in two AR cohorts treated with SLIT to assess their abilities in predicting short and long-term efficacy, respectively. RESULTS: The exosome-derived miRNAs profiling in the AR group was significantly different from the HC group, and differentially expressed genes were enriched and clustered in pathways such as PI3K-Akt and ErbB signalling pathways. The top three most significant miRNAs were verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and results showed that miR-146a-3p levels were significantly elevated in the AR group and correlated with the total and specific gE levels, the visual analogue scale of the total nasal symptom score (all p < 0.05). Further data in the first validation cohort suggested that miR-146a-3p levels were significantly downregulated in the effective group, and logistic regression showed that miR-146a-3p levels were associated with the short-term efficacy of SLIT(p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that miR-146a-3p could early predict SLIT efficacy (AUC = 0.669, p = 0.047). In the second validation cohort, miR-146a-3p levels were also decreased in the effective group and the ROC curve further confirmed its reliable accuracy in predicting the long-term efficacy of SLIT in AR patients (AUC = 0.749, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Serum exosome-derived miRNAs may be involved in the development of AR and associated with its disease severity. Serum exosome-derived miR-146a-3p seems to be a novel biomarker for predicting the short and long-term efficacies of SLIT in AR patients.
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MicroRNAs , Rinite Alérgica , Imunoterapia Sublingual , Humanos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Rinite Alérgica/genética , Rinite Alérgica/terapia , Gravidade do PacienteRESUMO
Background: Sudden chemosensory changes were considered an early predictor of COVID-19. Here, the effects of comorbidities on changes in taste and smell in COVID-19 patients were investigated based on a worldwide study. Methods: Data analyzed here were collected from the Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research (GCCR) core questionnaire, including questions regarding preexisting disease conditions. Overall, the final sample of 12,438 participants who were diagnosed with COVID-19 included patients with preexisting conditions. Mixed linear regression models were used to test our hypothesis, and the p-value of interaction was examined. Results: A total of 61,067 participants completed the GCCR questionnaire, including 16,016 participants had preexisting diseases. The multivariate regression analysis showed that individuals with high blood pressure, lung disease, or sinus problems, or neurological diseases exhibited worse self-reported smell loss (p < .05), but no apparent significant differences in the smell or taste recovery. COVID-19 patients with seasonal allergy/hay fever lost their olfactory ability more than patients who did not have it (with 11.90 [9.67, 14.13] vs. without 6.97 [6.04, 7.91], p < .0001). The taste ability, smell loss and taste loss after COVID-19 recovery also decreased in the COVID-19 patients with seasonal allergy/hay fever (p < .001). Preexisting condition of diabetes did not worsen to chemosensory disorder but also had no obvious impact on the chemosensory recovery after acute infection. Preexisting diseases also affected the type of smell change in the COVID-19 patients with seasonal allergy/hay fever or sinus problems (p < .05). Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with high blood pressure, lung disease, or sinus problems, or neurological diseases exhibited worse self-reported smell loss, but no differences in the smell or taste recovery. COVID-19 patients with seasonal allergy/hay fever had greater loss of smell and taste, poorer smell and taste recovery. Level of Evidence: 4.
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A highly sensitive flow-injection chemiluminescence (FIA-CL) method based on the CdTe nanocrystals and potassium permanganate chemiluminescence system was developed for the determination of L-ascorbic acid. It was found that sodium hexametaphosphate (SP), as an enhancer, could increase the chemiluminescence (CL) emission from the redox reaction of CdTe quantum dots with potassium permanganate in near-neutral pH conditions. L-ascorbic acid is suggested as a sensitive enhancer for use in the above energy-transfer excitation process. Under optimal conditions, the calibration graph of emission intensity against logarithmic l-ascorbic acid concentration was linear in the range 1.0 × 10(-9)-5.0 × 10(-6) mol/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9969 and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.3% (n = 7) at 5.0 × 10(-7) mol/L. The method was successfully used to determine L-ascorbic acid in vitamin C tablets. The possible mechanism of the chemiluminescence in the system is also discussed.
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Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Compostos de Cádmio/química , Luminescência , Medições Luminescentes/métodos , Fosfatos/química , Permanganato de Potássio/química , Telúrio/química , Calibragem , Glutationa/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Nanopartículas/química , Pontos Quânticos , Comprimidos/análise , Tioacetamida/química , Verduras/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common inflammatory airway disease, and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for it. However, not all AR patients respond to AIT, and early prediction of patient response is extremely important. This study aimed to example serum levels of multiple cytokines in AR and explore their association with the efficacy of AIT. METHODS: A total of 74 AR patients treated with sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) were prospectively recruited. Serum samples were obtained before the onset of SLIT and cytokine levels detected by multiplex analysis. All patients were followed for >1 year, and associations between cytokine levels and the early efficacy of SLIT were evaluated. Significantly distinctive cytokines were further verified in another independent cohort. RESULTS: Sixty patients completed the visit schedule set: 35 patients were put into a responder group and 25 a nonresponder group. Multiple-cytokine profiling showed that cytokine levels differed significantly between the two groups. The responder group had higher concentrations of BAFF and CCL11 and lower levels of CCL2, CCL7, IFNγ, IL8, IL10, IL16, and IL33 than the nonresponder group (P<0.05). Receiver-operating characteristic curves highlighted that serum BAFF, IFNγ, IL10, and IL33 levels were strongly predictive of the efficacy of SLIT (area under the curve <0.7, P<0.05). Serum IL10 and IL33 were overexpressed in nonresponders in the validation cohort. Patients in the responder group exhibited significantly higher IL10 levels and lower IL33 post-SLIT than pre-SLIT (P<0.05), but no statistical difference was found in nonresponders (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that serum multiple-cytokine profiling was associated with response to SLIT and that IL10 and IL33 might serve as novel biomarkers for early prediction of efficacy and be involved in the therapeutic mechanisms of SLIT in AR patients.
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AIMS: There is emerging evidence that antineoplastic agents and the cytotoxic effects on tumor tissues attenuate the benefits of chemotherapy due to tumor microenvironment changes. Nevertheless, the actual relationship between chemotherapy and recurrent tumors in which the genotypes differ from the original tumor after chemotherapy is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone marrow transplantation, flow cytometer, immune inhibition and immunofluorescence will be utilized to investigate the effect of antineoplastic agents on bone-marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) release and recruitment, and to explore the pathways and mechanisms of antineoplastic agents in promoting tumor growth. KEY FINDINGS: Tumor growth and angiogenesis were significantly enhanced in the mouse model after treatment with antineoplastic agents such as cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, or cisplatin, along with large increases in proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2+), ß3+, CD11b+Gr-1+, and VEGFR2+ß3+ BMDCs in circulating blood. BMDC recruitment and VEGFR2 and ß3 mRNA transcription in tumor tissues were also enhanced by antineoplastic agents. Antineoplastic-agent-treated BMDCs markedly augmented tumor and endothelial cell proliferation, and ß3 mRNA transcription in endothelial cells (ECs). SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggested that antineoplastic-agent treatment augmented the tumor microenvironment by mobilizing proangiogenic BMDCs, enhancing BMDC recruitment and angiogenesis, and increasing BMDC-mediated tumor and EC functions. These results led to tumor growth and angiogenesis aggravation. It is paramount to elucidate the potential mechanism by which the cellular and molecular effects triggered by the antineoplastic agents attenuate the effects of cancer therapy, and thereafter to explore possible methods for improving tumor treatment efficacy.
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Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Animais , Camundongos , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Aim: To explore the role of smell and taste changes in preventing and controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to build a forecast model for trends in COVID-19 prediction based on Google Trends data for smell and taste loss. Methods: Data on confirmed COVID-19 cases from 6 January 2020 to 26 December 2021 were collected from the World Health Organization (WHO) website. The keywords "loss of smell" and "loss of taste" were used to search the Google Trends platform. We constructed a transfer function model for multivariate time-series analysis and to forecast confirmed cases. Results: From 6 January 2020 to 28 November 2021, a total of 99 weeks of data were analyzed. When the delay period was set from 1 to 3 weeks, the input sequence (Google Trends of loss of smell and taste data) and response sequence (number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases per week) were significantly correlated (P < 0.01). The transfer function model showed that worldwide and in India, the absolute error of the model in predicting the number of newly diagnosed COVID-19 cases in the following 3 weeks ranged from 0.08 to 3.10 (maximum value 100; the same below). In the United States, the absolute error of forecasts for the following 3 weeks ranged from 9.19 to 16.99, and the forecast effect was relatively accurate. For global data, the results showed that when the last point of the response sequence was at the midpoint of the uptrend or downtrend (25 July 2021; 21 November 2021; 23 May 2021; and 12 September 2021), the absolute error of the model forecast value for the following 4 weeks ranged from 0.15 to 5.77. When the last point of the response sequence was at the extreme point (2 May 2021; 29 August 2021; 20 June 2021; and 17 October 2021), the model could accurately forecast the trend in the number of confirmed cases after the extreme points. Our developed model could successfully predict the development trends of COVID-19. Conclusion: Google Trends for loss of smell and taste could be used to accurately forecast the development trend of COVID-19 cases 1-3 weeks in advance.
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Ageusia , COVID-19 , Transtornos do Olfato , Estados Unidos , Humanos , Ageusia/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Olfato , SARS-CoV-2 , Ferramenta de Busca/métodosRESUMO
Based on the fluorescence quenching of Terbium (III)-sodium hexametaphosphate (Tb/SHMP) chelates in the presence chromate (III), a sensitive fluorimetric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of chromium (III) in aqueous solutions. Under the optimum conditions, the linear calibration graph was obtained (R = 0.996). The linear range and detection limit of Cr (III) were 7.69 × 10(-7) to 1.15 × 10(-4) mol L(-1) and 4.50 × 10(-7) mol L(-1), respectively. The proposed method had a wider linear range and was proved to be very sensitive, rapid and simple. The method was applied successfully to the determination of chromium (III) in the synthetic samples and real water samples. Moreover, the reaction mechanism was discussed through the fluorescence lifetime and proved to be dynamic quenching behavior.
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Quelantes/química , Cromatos/análise , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Soluções Tampão , Calibragem , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
An efficient fluorescence energy transfer (FET) system between CePO(4):Tb(3+) nanocrystals as donor and 6-mercapto-5-triazole[4,3-b]-S-tetrazine as acceptor was built. CePO(4):Tb(3+) nanocrystals were synthesized in aqueous solutions, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction pattern spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry. Under alkaline conditions, 6-mercapto-5-triazole[4,3-b]-S-tetrazine was generated by redox reaction of formaldehyde (HCHO) with 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AHMT) at room temperature. The degree of the overlap was effective for FET between the emission spectrum of CePO(4):Tb(3+) and the absorption spectrum of 6-mercapto-5-triazole[4,3-b]-S-tetrazine. Based on this system, a simple and sensitive fluorescence method for the selective determination of formaldehyde in aqueous solutions was developed. Under optimal conditions, the quenched fluorescence intensity increased linearly with the concentration of HCHO ranging from 1.03 x 10(-9) to 1.03 x 10(-5) mg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9976. The limit of detection was 1.65 x 10(-10) mg mL(-1). Compared with several methods, the proposed method had a wider linear range, higher selectivity and sensitivity. Moreover, analytical application of the method was demonstrated by water samples.
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Transferência Ressonante de Energia de Fluorescência/métodos , Formaldeído/análise , Soluções , Água/químicaRESUMO
Objective:To explore the main influencing factors of excessive daytime sleepinessï¼EDSï¼ in adults with different degrees of sleep-disordered breathingï¼SDBï¼, which will provide the scientific evidences for the individualized diagnosis and treatment. Method:Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 361 young and middle-aged snoring patients monitored by polysomnography. According to the presence or absence of obstructive sleep apneaï¼OSAï¼ and apnea hypopnea indexï¼AHIï¼ levels, they were divided into primary snoringï¼AHI<5ï¼, mild OSAï¼AHI 5-<15ï¼, moderate OSAï¼AHI 15-<30ï¼ and severe OSAï¼AHI≥30ï¼. From sleep efficiencyï¼ESï¼, different sleep stagesï¼REM, NREM1, NREM2, NREM3ï¼ ratio of total sleep, oxygen reduction indexï¼ODIï¼, blood oxygen saturation<90% of total sleep timeï¼TS90%ï¼, the average saturation of blood oxygenï¼MSaO2ï¼ and the lowest blood oxygen saturationï¼LSaO2ï¼ of all-night sleep, and AHI in different sleep stagesï¼REM-AHI, NREM-AHIï¼, MSaO2 in different sleep stagesï¼REM-MSaO2, NREM-MSaO2ï¼ and LSaO2 in different sleep stagesï¼REM-LSaO2, NREM-LSaO2ï¼, the main influencing factors of EDS were discussed. Result:Among the 361 patients, 23 patients suffered from the primary snoring, 47 patients with mild OSA, 56 patients with moderate OSA, and 235 patients with severe OSA. REM-AHI, ODI and TS90% in EDS group were 10.9, 9.6 and 0.2 respectively in patients with primary snoring, which were significantly higher than those without EDSï¼P<0.01ï¼. The main influencing factors of EDS were REM-AHI, ODI, and TS90%. However, among patients with mild OSA, REM-AHI was the main influencing factor of EDS, REM-AHI of the EDS group was 29.6, which was significantly higher than that of the non-EDSï¼P<0.05ï¼. In patients with moderate OSA, LSaO2 of the EDS group was 76.2, significantly lower than the group without EDSï¼P<0.05ï¼, the main influencing factor of EDS is LSaO2. In patients with severe OSA, BMI, ODI and TS90% in EDS group were significantly higher than those without EDSï¼P<0.05 or P<0.01ï¼, while NREM-MSaO2, MSaO2 and LSaO2 were significantly lower than those without EDSï¼P<0.05 or P<0.01ï¼. The main influencing factors of EDS were BMI, NREM-MSaO2, MSaO2, LSaO2, ODI and TS90%. Conclusion:Frequent apnea during REM stage may be one of the important factors causing EDS in patients with primary snoring and mild OSA. For patients with moderate and severe OSA, intermittent hypoxia at night may be the main factor leading to EDS, and obesity may promote the development of the disease and the occurrence of sleepiness.
Assuntos
Síndromes da Apneia do Sono , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polissonografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , RoncoRESUMO
AIMS: Bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonists have bronchodilatory potentials. Erythromycin is a ligand of TAS2R10, but its relaxant profile is unknown. This study was performed to understand the relaxant effects of erythromycin and its potential mechanism. MAIN METHODS: Airway resistance was tested by the whole body plethysmography in the ovalbumin-aluminum hydroxide induced asthma model mice. Tracheal ring segment myography was used to investigate the isometric tension of the smooth muscle. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration was measured by enzyme immunoassay kit. Changes in the calcium influx in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were surveyed using a real-time confocal microscopy. KEY FINDINGS: Erythromycin significantly relieved airway hyperreactivity in asthma model mice. Erythromycin relaxed mouse tracheal segments precontracted with carbachol, KCl, 5-hydroxytryptamine and U46619, and further dilated the tracheal rings relaxed by isoprenaline or atropine. Epithelium removal, indomethacin or NS-398 partially reduced the relaxation. U73122, 2-APB, iberiotoxin or ouabain did not change the concentration-relaxation curves of erythromycin on tracheal segments. Erythromycin didn't elevate cAMP level. CaCl2-induced contraction in the K+-rich solution was impaired by erythromycin in the Ca2+-free solution. The intercellular Ca2+ level in the ASMCs was decreased by erythromycin, which was partly inhibited by Bay K8644 but not gallein. SIGNIFICANCE: Erythromycin had marked bronchodilatory effect. The relaxation might be related to the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel, but not the gustducin-associated ßγ/phospholipase-Cß/inositol 1,4,5-tri-phosphate receptor/large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel pathway or a cAMP-dependent way.
Assuntos
Resistência das Vias Respiratórias/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritromicina/metabolismo , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Asma , Broncodilatadores , Cálcio , Canais de Cálcio Tipo L , AMP Cíclico/análise , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eritromicina/farmacologia , Feminino , Pulmão , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relaxamento Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Miografia/métodos , TraqueiaRESUMO
Estradiol (E2) is a prime culprit for enhancing the progression of female hormonerelated cancers. Bone marrowderived cells (BMDCs) have been found to play a pivotal role in tumor growth. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are also found on certain subtypes of BMDCs, in addition to endothelial cells (ECs) and certain tumor cells. However, the role of BMDCs in E2induced tumor biology is still unclear. Thus, the effects of E2 on ERnegative 4T1 breast cancer growth, the mobilization and recruitment of BMDCs, and interactions among BMDCs, ECs, and 4T1 cells were investigated. The results showed that E2 potentiated 4T1 tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice subjected to sham operation, ovariectomy (OVX), or OVX and E2 replacement treatment. E2 supplementation in mice with OVX upregulated the transcription of stromal cellderived factor1 (SDF1) mRNA in tumor tissues and enhanced the recruitment of BMDCs into tumor tissues in vivo. E2 deficiency significantly decreased proangiogenic CXCR4+, ß3+, Sca1+ and CXCR4+ß3+ BMDCs circulating in the peripheral blood. Cellbased system analyses showed that E2 augmented the transcription of ß3 mRNA in ECs, increased the adhesion of BMDCs to ECs. In addition, E2 enhanced the BMDCinduced EC proliferation and migration, the BMDCinduced 4T1 proliferation and the 4T1stimulated EC proliferation in addition to enhancing the proliferation of tumor cells and the migration of ECs in vitro. Therefore, E2 enhanced the growth of breast tumors by stimulating tumor cells and ECs directly, as well as by increasing proangiogenic BMDC mobilization and recruitment leading to augmentation of the tumor and EC functions indirectly by cell proliferation assay. These findings reveal a separate mechanism via which E2 promotes the growth of female hormonedependent tumors, which may be useful in explorations of new therapies for related cancers.