Is it harmful to me or to us? A dyadic analysis of Chinese young adults' dysfunctional individuation and romantic relationship satisfaction.

This study aimed at examining how romantically involved Chinese young adults' dysfunctional individuation was associated with their and their partners' perceptions of romantic relationship satisfaction. We recruited 296 Chinese couples who were currently in heterosexual romantic relationships at the university. The couples completed self-report measures of their dysfunctional individuation and relationship satisfaction. Results from the cross-sectional actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) indicated that (a) for both genders, actor effects existed: Chinese young adults' dysfunctional individuation was negatively associated with their romantic relationship satisfaction; (b) in terms of partners' effects, women's dysfunctional individuation was negatively associated with men's perceptions of relationship satisfaction; but (c) men's dysfunctional individuation was not significantly associated with women's perceptions of relationship satisfaction. The findings were the first to reveal the actor and partner effects of dysfunctional individuation on romantic relationship satisfaction. The study results provided practical implications regarding how young adults can have satisfying romantic relationships.

Outcomes of different zero-profile spacers in the treatment of two-level cervical degenerative disk disease.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of two different zero-profile spacers (ROI-C and anchor-C) in contiguous two-level ACDF for CDDD patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent contiguous two-level ACDF due to CDDD between January 2015 and December 2020 in our hospital. Patients who received ROI-C and anchor-C were included as the study groups, and those who underwent plate-cage construct (PCC) were included as the control group. The primary outcome measures were radiographical parameters, and the secondary outcome measures were dysphagia, JOA scores and VAS scores for these patients. RESULTS: A total of 91 patients were enrolled in the study; there were 31, 21 and 39 patients in the ROI-C, anchor-C and PCC groups, respectively. The mean follow-up duration was 24.52 months (range, 18-48 months) in the ROI-C group, 24.38 months (range, 16-52 months) in the anchor-C group and 25.18 months (range, 15-54 months) in the PCC group. The loss of the intervertebral space height and cage subsidence rate in the ROI-C group were significantly higher than those in the anchor-C group and PCC group at the final follow-up (P < 0.05). The ROI-C group showed a lower incidence of adjacent segment degeneration than the anchor-C group and PCC group, but the difference was not significant. The fusion rates were not different among these three groups. The early dysphagia rate was significantly lower in the patients with zero-profile spacers than in the PCC group (P < 0.05), but the difference was not significant at the last follow-up. No relevant differences were found in the JOA scores and VAS scores. CONCLUSIONS: Zero-profile spacers showed promising clinical outcomes in CDDD patients having contiguous two-level ACDF. However, ROI-C resulted in a higher intervertebral space height loss and a higher cage subsidence rate than anchor-C during the follow-up.

Baicalin attenuated metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway in db/db mice.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease. Baicalin (Bai), a bioactive molecule found in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. These activities suggest Bai could be a promising therapeutic agent against NAFLD; however, its specific effects and underlying mechanism are still not clear. This study aims to explore the effect of Bai to attenuate MAFLD and associated molecular mechanisms. Bai (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) was orally administered to db/db mice with MAFLD for 4 weeks or db/m mice as the normal control. Bai markedly attenuated lipid accumulation, cirrhosis and hepatocytes apoptosis in the liver tissues of MAFLD mice, suggesting strong ability to attenuate MAFLD. Bai significantly reduced proinflammatory biomarkers and enhanced antioxidant enzymes, which appeared to be modulated by the upregulated p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling cascade; furthermore, cotreatment of Bai and all-trans-retinoic acid (Nrf2 inhibitor) demonstrated markedly weakened liver protective effects by Bai and its induced antioxidant and antiinflammatory responses. The present study supported the use of Bai in attenuating MAFLD as a promising therapeutic agent, and its strong mechanism of action in association with the upregulating the p62-keap1-Nrf2 pathway.

Spectroscopic coherent Raman imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans reveals lipid particle diversity.

Caenorhabditis elegans serves as a model for understanding adiposity and its connections to aging. Current methodologies do not distinguish between fats serving the energy needs of the parent, akin to mammalian adiposity, from those that are distributed to the progeny, making it difficult to accurately interpret the physiological implications of fat content changes induced by external perturbations. Using spectroscopic coherent Raman imaging, we determine the protein content, chemical profiles and dynamics of lipid particles in live animals. We find fat particles in the adult intestine to be diverse, with most destined for the developing progeny. In contrast, the skin-like epidermis contains fats that are the least heterogeneous, the least dynamic and have high triglyceride content. These attributes are most consistent with stored somatic energy reservoirs. These results challenge the prevailing practice of assessing C. elegans adiposity by measurements that are dominated by the intestinal fat content.

The effect of square dance on family cohesion and subjective well-being of middle-aged and empty-nest women in China.

Researchers in this study aimed to examine the effect of square dance on the subjective well-being of middle-aged and empty-nest women, as well as the potential moderating role of group belongingness in the relationship between family cohesion and subjective well-being. A total of 331 middle-aged and empty-nest Chinese women participated in a survey to measure their family adaptability and cohesion, group belongingness, general well-being, and square-dancing participation information. The results were found as follows: (a) Chinese middle-aged and empty-nest women's family cohesion was positively associated with subjective well-being, and their group belongingness in square dance was positively associated with subjective well-being; (b) participation in square dance can be the moderator the relationship between family cohesion and subjective well-being; (c) group belongingness was found to be a moderator in the relationship between family cohesion and subjective well-being.

Low-aberration high-speed-compatible optical delay line.

We describe a simple approach to dispersion-free optical delay line design that provides very low aberration over an extended delay range. In this approach, we minimize aberrations by directing non-axial beam displacements along a line of symmetry built into the apparatus. We show improved performance and significant reduction of wavefront aberrations by comparing simulation and experimental results with a similar delay line that lacks this line of symmetry. The new design facilitates transform-limited recovery of spectral resolution in Fourier transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and accordingly, we demonstrate 3.5cm-1 spectral resolution with a 10 ps delay scan range.

Parenting, self-concept, and attitudes about romantic relationships.

INTRODUCTION: This study examined associations among the perceived parenting, self-concept, and adolescent attitudes of Chinese adolescents regarding romantic relationships. METHODS: A survey of 729 high school students in Macau was carried out to collect information on the degree to which they perceived their fathers and mothers as demanding or responsive, their general self-concept, and their attitudes about romantic relationships. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling showed that maternal and paternal responsiveness positively associated with adolescents' self-concept, which then positively contributed to their attitudes about romantic relationships. Maternal demandingness could link directly to positive adolescent attitudes about romantic relationships and indirectly to negative self-concept. CONCLUSIONS: The present study's findings suggest that perceived maternal parenting may be more important than perceived paternal parenting regarding adolescents' romantic attitudes, and parental responsiveness is particularly critical to positive self-concept and positive romantic attitudes in Chinese culture.

Correlations between serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein and clinical indices of patients with acutely exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: To explore the correlations between SAA, CRP, and clinical indices of patients with acutely exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). METHODS: A total of 120 patients with AECOPD and another 120 with remitted COPD were enrolled in an AECOPD group and a COPD remission group, respectively. Meanwhile, 120 healthy subjects were included as a control group. SAA, CRP, PCT, Fbg, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 levels were detected. FEV1 and FEV1 /FVC were measured. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the serum levels of SAA, CRP, PCT, Fbg, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 significantly increased in COPD remission group (P < 0.05). The levels of AECOPD group significantly exceeded those of COPD remission group (P < 0.05). The levels of AECOPD patients with different GOLD grades were significantly different (P < 0.05). AECOPD group had significantly lower FEV1 and FEV1 /FVC than those of COPD remission group (P < 0.05). The CAT score of AECOPD patients was (18.41 ± 2.55) points. The levels of SAA, CRP, PCT, Fbg, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 were negatively correlated with FEV1 and FEV1 /FVC, and positively correlated with CAT score. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of SAA was largest (0.931). The cutoff values for SAA, CRP, PCT and Fbg were 18.68 mg/L, 14.70 mg/L, 0.39 µg/L, 3.91 g/L, 0.46 µg/L, 24.17 µg/L, 7.18 mg/L, and 83.19 ng/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of SAA, CRP, PCT, Fbg, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 in AECOPD patients were elevated, which may undermine pulmonary functions. SAA can be used as an effective index for AECOPD diagnosis and treatment.

Microarray analysis of altered long non-coding RNA expression profile in liver cancer cells treated by ginsenoside Rh2.

Microarray expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were investigated in HepG2 cells treated with 20 µg/ml ginsenoside Rh2 as well as in ginsenoside Rh2-untreated cells. Microarray analysis showed 618 upregulated lncRNAs and 161 downregulated lncRNAs in HepG2 cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 compared with the control group. Moreover, three differentially expressed lncRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This may be beneficial to patients as an anti-cancer treatment and potentially provide novel targets for HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) therapy.

A novel transition pathway of ligand-induced topological conversion from hybrid forms to parallel forms of human telomeric G-quadruplexes.

The folding topology of DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) depends not only on their nucleotide sequences but also on environmental factors and/or ligand binding. Here, a G4 ligand, 3,6-bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridium iodide)-9-(1-(1-methyl-piperidinium iodide)-3,6,9-trioxaundecane) carbazole (BMVC-8C3O), can induce topological conversion of non-parallel to parallel forms in human telomeric DNA G4s. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) reveals the presence of persistent imino proton signals corresponding to the central G-quartet during topological conversion of Tel23 and Tel25 G4s from hybrid to parallel forms, implying that the transition pathway mainly involves local rearrangements. In contrast, rapid HDX was observed during the transition of 22-CTA G4 from an anti-parallel form to a parallel form, resulting in complete disappearance of all the imino proton signals, suggesting the involvement of substantial unfolding events associated with the topological transition. Site-specific imino proton NMR assignments of Tel23 G4 enable determination of the interconversion rates of individual guanine bases and detection of the presence of intermediate states. Since the rate of ligand binding is much higher than the rate of ligand-induced topological conversion, a three-state kinetic model was evoked to establish the associated energy diagram for the topological conversion of Tel23 G4 induced by BMVC-8C3O.

[Effects of Methanol Extracts from Atractylodes macrocephalae Rhizoma on Small Intestinal Epi- thelial Cell Proliferation and Migration, and Expression of Phospholipase C-γl].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of methanol extracts from Atractylodes macro- cephalae Rhizoma (AMR) on the proliferation and migration of IEC-6 cell (small intestinal epithelial cells) and the expression of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) , and to explore the mechanism of AMR (a Chinese herb capable of invigorating Pi replenishing qi) for promoting repair of gastrointestinal mucosal injury. METHODS: IEC-6 cells were divided into the blank group, the positive control (spermidine, SPD; 5 µmol/L) group, AMR extracts groups (50, 100, and 200 mg/L). The alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, polyamines synthesis inhibitor) group, the SPD +DFMO group, AMR extracts (50, 100, and 200 mg/L) +DF- MO groups were set up in stress test. IEC-6 cells were cultured by adherence for 24 h,and then treated with AMR extracts for appropriate periods of time. Effects of IEC-6 cell proliferation after action of AMR extracts were detected by Real-time Cell Analyzer (RTCA). The effect of AMR extracts on IEC-6 cell migration number was detected using scratch method. mRNA and protein expressions of PLC-γ1 levels were detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( RT-qPCR) and Western blot respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the blank group, AMR extracts showed no obvious effect on IEC-6 cell proliferation (P >0. 05). But SPD and AMR extracts (100 and 200 mg/L) not only promoted IEC-6 cell migration (P <0. 01), but also improved mRNA and protein expressions of PLC-γl in the process of cell migration (P <0. 01). Compared with the DFMO group, SPD and AMR extracts (100 and 200 mg/L) could reverse inhibitory effects of DFMO on cell migration, and mRNA and protein expressions of PLC-γl (all P <0. 01). CONCLUSION: AMR extracts played roles in repairing gastrointestinal mucosal injury possibly by promoting polyamine mediated intestinal epithelial cell migration, and its effect on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation was not main potentcy.

[Effect of Sijunzi Decoction Polysaccharide on IEC-6 Cell Migration,Potassium Channel and Membrane Potential].

Objective: To investigate the effect of Sijunzi decoction polysaccharide( SJZDP) on intestinal epithelial cells( IEC-6)cell migration and polyamine signaling pathway potassium channel during intestinal epithelial cell migration, and to explore the mechanism of SJZDP on promoting gastrointestinal mucosal restitution after wounding. Methods: Cell migration model was established by scratch damage, and then the effect of SJZDP normal cultured or with difluoromethylornithine( DFMO) and 4-aminopyridine( 4-AP) on IEC-6 cell migration was observed and calculated on this wounding model. The effect of SJZDP on expression of IEC-6 cell kv1. 1 mRNA and protein levels were detected by RT-q PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The Effects of SJZDP on IEC-6 cell membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Results: The results showed that treatment with SJZDP( 40,80,160 mg / L) caused a promotion of IEC-6 cell migration,and increased of expression of in IEC-6 cell kv1. 1 mRNA and protein significantly( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) compared with normal control group. In addition, SJZDP( 40,80,160 mg / L) increased cell membrane potential which resulted in cell membrane hyperpolarization compared with normal control group( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). SJZDP( 40,80,160 mg / L) reversed the inhibition of cell migration was reduced,kv1. 1 mRNA,kv1. 1 protein expression, and cell membrane potential were decreased by polyamines synthesis inhibitor DFMO compared with DFMO model group( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). SJZDP( 20,40,80 mg / L) reversed the inhibition of cell migration,kv1. 1 protein and mRNA levels expression were decreased by potassium channel inhibitor 4-AP compared with 4-AP model group( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). Conclusion: These results indicate that the effect of SJZDP on promoting IEC-6 cell migration may be related to its influence on polyamine signaling pathway potassium channel and cell membrane potential.

[Comparative Study on Effects of Anti-Gastritis,Gastric Mucosal Protection and Gastrointestinal Movement Promotion of Root and Stem of Zanthoxylum nitidum].

Objective: To provide the experimental evidence for expansion of medicinal parts of Zanthoxylum nitidum by comparing the effects of anti-gastritis,gastric mucosal protection and gastrointestinal movement promotion of its root and stem. Methods: The pharmacological effects between root and stem of Zanthoxylum nitidum were compared by observing the anti-gastritis effect on rats with chronic superficial gastritis induced by iodoacetamide, evaluating the gastric mucosal protective effect on rats' gastric ulcer induced by stress, indometacin and pylorus ligation test, and investigating gastrointestinal movement promotion effect on mice gastric evacuation and intestinal propelling. Results: Both root and stem of Zanthoxylum nitidum showed effects of relieving the inflammation symptoms of rats' gastric mucosa induced by iodoacetamide, gastric ulcer respectively induced by stress, and presenting a strong inhibition of free acid and pepsin activity in gastric juice. Furthermore stem parts of Zanthoxylum nitidum in promoting gastrointestinal motility even showed better efficacy than root. Conclusion: Stem of Zanthoxylum nitidum has similar effects of anti-gastritis, gastric mucosal protection and gastrointestinal movement promotion with root of Zanthoxylum nitidum.

Attenuated acute salivary α-amylase responses to gustatory stimulation with citric acid in thin children.

Salivary α-amylase (sAA) is responsible for the 'pre-digestion' of starch in the oral cavity and accounts for up to 50 % of salivary protein in human saliva. An accumulating body of literature suggests that sAA is of nutritional importance; however, it is still not clear how sAA is related to individual's nutritional status. Although copy number variations (CNV) of the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) are associated with variation in sAA levels, a significant amount of sAA variation is not explained by AMY1 CNV. To measure sAA responses to gustatory stimulation with citric acid, we used sAA ratio (the ratio of stimulated sAA levels to those of resting sAA) and investigated acute sAA responses to citric acid in children with normal (Normal-BMI, n 22) and low (Low-BMI, n 21) BMI. The AMY1 gene copy number was determined by quantitative PCR. We, for the first time, demonstrated attenuated acute sAA responses (decreased sAA ratio) to gustatory stimulation in Low-BMI (thinness grade 3) children compared with the Normal-BMI children, which suggest that sAA responses to gustatory stimulation may be of nutritional importance. However, child's nutritional status was not directly related to their resting or stimulated sAA levels, and it was not associated with AMY1 gene copy number. Finally, AMY1 CNV might influence, but did not eventually determine, sAA levels in children.

[Effect of citric acid stimulation on salivary alpha-amylase, total protein, salivary flow rate and pH value in Pi deficiency children].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of citric acid stimulation on salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), total protein (TP), salivary flow rate, and pH value between Pi deficiency (PD) children and healthy children, thereby providing evidence for Pi controlling saliva theory. METHODS: Twenty PD children were recruited, and 29 healthy children were also recruited at the same time. Saliva samples from all subjects were collected before and after citric acid stimulation. The sAA activity and amount, TP contents, salivary flow rate, and pH value were determined and compared. RESULTS: (1) Citric acid stimulation was able to significantly increase salivary flow rate, pH value, sAA activities, sAA specific activity and sAA amount (including glycosylated and non-glycosylated sAA amount) in healthy children (P<0.05), while it could markedly increase salivary flow rate, pH value, and glycosylated sAA levels in PD children (P<0.05); (2) Although there was no statistical difference in determined salivary indices between the two groups (P>0.05), salivary indices except salivary flow rate and glycosylated sAA levels decreased more in PD children. There was statistical difference in sAA activity ratio, sAA specific activity ratio, and the ratio of glycosylated sAA levels between PD children and healthy children (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PD children had decreased response to citric acid stimulation.

[Comparative Study on Effects of Anti-contusion Injury, Analgesia and Anti-inflammation of Root and Stem of Zanthoxylum nitidum].

OBJECTIVE: To provide the scientific evidence for expansion of medicinal parts of Zanthoxylum nitidum by comparing the effects of anti-contusion injury, analgesia and anti-inflammation of its root and stem. METHODS: The pharmacological effects between root and stem of Zanthoxylum nitidum were compared by observing the anti-injury effect in rats with injury struck by hammer. The analgesic effect in mice was evaluated by writhing test and hot plate test, and the anti-inflammatory effect on paw edema induced by carrageenan and granuloma induced by cotton pellet were investigated in rats. RESULTS: Both root and stem of Zanthoxylum nitidum relieved the exterior and histological symptoms of rats' injury legs struck by hammer, decreased the numbers of mice's writhing, enhanced pain threshold of mice on heat plate, inhibited the edema of rats induced by carrageenan, and suppressed the granuloma of rats induced by cotton pellet. CONCLUSION: Stem of Zanthoxylum nitidum has similar effects of anti-contusion injury, analgesia and anti-inflammation with root of Zanthoxylum nitidum.

What my parents make me believe in learning: the role of filial piety in Hong Kong students' motivation and academic achievement.

Chinese students are well-known for their academic excellence. However, studies that explore the underlying mechanism of how cultural factors relate to the motivational process and academic achievement of Chinese students have been limited. This study aimed to examine the role of filial piety in shaping Chinese students' theories of intelligence so as to obtain a clearer understanding of the process by which parent-child connectedness is linked to Chinese students' academic achievement. A sample of 312 university students in Hong Kong were assessed concerning their filial piety beliefs, theories of intelligence and academic achievement. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results indicated that different filial piety beliefs relate to students' academic achievement by shaping different theories of intelligence. Reciprocal filial piety beliefs were found to facilitate an incremental view of intelligence, which in turn contributes to students' academic achievement. Authoritarian filial piety beliefs were shown to be associated with an entity view of intelligence, which consequently deteriorates students' academic achievement. Cultural views of motivational processes can shed light on how motivational beliefs are developed as a product of cultural or socialization processes, which, in turn, contribute to students' academic success.

[GC-MS analysis and cytotoxic activity of the supercritical extracts from roots and stems of Zanthoxylum nitidum].

The volatile components of roots and stems of Zanthoxylum nitidum were investigated by supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Thirty-one and fifty-one compounds were identified in the supercritical extracts from roots and stems of Z. nitidum, respectively, and total twenty-seven compounds were the common constituents. Among them, the major constituents in root and stem supercritical extracts were spathulenol (18.49 and 26.18%), n-hexadecanoic acid (14.24% and 12.79%), ar-tumerone (6.95% and 8.88%), oleic acid (8.39% and 5.71%) and hexanoic acid (4.39% and 7.78%). The in-vitro MTT assay showed that the volatile components of roots and stems of Z. nitidum did not exhibited any cytotoxic activity against human cancer Huh-7 and normal IEC-6 cells. These results indicated the same nature of the volatile constituents in the root and stem of Z. nitidum. This investigation may provide further evidence for expansion of medicinal parts of Z. nitidum.

[A high throughput coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 in 10 traditional Chinese medicines].

As the dilution procedure was applied, a simple, rapid and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 was successfully by performed in a total 83 samples of 10 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which were collected from 5 different hospital pharmacies and 5 different medical stores in Guangzhou city. Matrix effects of these 10 TCMs were ranged from 80.23% to 115.5% in low, intermediate and high concentration levels, indicating that the negative effect was overcome in this study. Meanwhile, the analysis method was proved to be stable and reliable during the whole analysis using Semen Armeniacae Amarum spiked 3 concentration levels of standard solution as quality control samples and the RSD < 6.6% was obtained. The contamination levels of 83 investigated samples were 13.89% and 17.02% in hospital pharmacies and medical stores, respectively. The result was presented to provide relevant reference and supplement to those researchers in TCMs analysis and screening.

Improving deep-learning electrocardiogram classification with an effective coloring method.

Cardiovascular diseases, particularly arrhythmias, remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Although previous studies have focused on waveform analysis and model training, integrating additional clinical information, especially demographic data, remains challenging. In this study, we present an innovative approach to ECG classification by incorporating demographic information from patients' medical histories through a colorization technique. Our proposed method maps demographic features onto the (R, G, B) color space through normalized scaling. Each demographic feature corresponds to a distinct color, allowing for different ECG leads to be colored. This approach preserves the relationships between data by maintaining the color correlations in the statistical features, enhancing ECG analytics and supporting precision medicine. We conducted experiments with PTB-XL dataset and achieved 1%-6% improvements in the area under the receiving operator characteristic curve performance compared with other methods for various classification problems. Notably, our method excelled in multiclass and challenging classification tasks. The combined use of color features and the original waveform shape features enhanced prediction accuracy for various deep learning models. Our findings suggest that colorization is a promising avenue for advancing ECG classification and diagnosis, contributing to improved prediction and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and ultimately enhancing clinical outcomes.