Chlamydia pneumoniae-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an adult patient with clonal karyotype abnormality.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life-threatening disease characterized by a severe hyperinflammation caused by uncontrolled proliferation of activated lymphocytes and macrophages. Herein, we report a 58-year-old male who had Chlamydia pneumoniae-related pneumonia, followed by aggressive HLH. An abnormal cytogenetic profile was also detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an adult patient with C. pneumonia-associated HLH.