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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(3)2024 Feb 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38339093

RESUMO

Lactoferrin (LF) stands as one of the extensively investigated iron-binding glycoproteins within milk, exhibiting diverse biological functionalities. The global demand for LF has experienced consistent growth. Biotechnological strategies aimed at enhancing LF productivity through microbial expression systems offer substantial cost-effective advantages and exhibit fewer constraints compared to traditional animal bioreactor technologies. This study devised a novel recombinant plasmid, wherein the AOX1 promoter was replaced with a glucose-inducible G1 promoter (PG1) to govern the expression of recombinant porcine LF (rpLF) in Pichia pastoris GS115. High-copy-number PG1-rpLF yeast clones were meticulously selected, and subsequent induction with 0.05 g/L glucose demonstrated robust secretion of rpLF. Scaling up production transpired in a 5 L fermenter, yielding an estimated rpLF productivity of approximately 2.8 g/L by the conclusion of glycerol-fed fermentation. A three-step purification process involving tangential-flow ultrafiltration yielded approximately 6.55 g of rpLF crude (approximately 85% purity). Notably, exceptional purity of rpLF was achieved through sequential heparin and size-exclusion column purification. Comparatively, the present glucose-inducible system outperformed our previous methanol-induced system, which yielded a level of 87 mg/L of extracellular rpLF secretion. Furthermore, yeast-produced rpLF demonstrated affinity for ferric ions (Fe3+) and exhibited growth inhibition against various pathogenic microbes (E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans) and human cancer cells (A549, MDA-MB-231, and Hep3B), similar to commercial bovine LF (bLF). Intriguingly, the hydrolysate of rpLF (rpLFH) manifested heightened antimicrobial and anticancer effects compared to its intact form. In conclusion, this study presents an efficient glucose-inducible yeast expression system for large-scale production and purification of active rpLF protein with the potential for veterinary or medical applications.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Lactoferrina , Proteínas Recombinantes , Animais , Bovinos , Humanos , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Fermentação , Glucose/metabolismo , Lactoferrina/biossíntese , Lactoferrina/genética , Lactoferrina/farmacologia , Pichia/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Saccharomycetales , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Suínos
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(11)2023 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37298555

RESUMO

E7050 is an inhibitor of VEGFR2 with anti-tumor activity; however, its therapeutic mechanism remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the anti-angiogenic activity of E7050 in vitro and in vivo and define the underlying molecular mechanism. It was observed that treatment with E7050 markedly inhibited proliferation, migration, and capillary-like tube formation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). E7050 exposure in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) also reduced the amount of neovessel formation in chick embryos. To understand the molecular basis, E7050 was found to suppress the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling pathway components, including PLCγ1, FAK, Src, Akt, JNK, and p38 MAPK in VEGF-stimulated HUVECs. Moreover, E7050 suppressed the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, FAK, Src, Akt, JNK, and p38 MAPK in HUVECs exposed to MES-SA/Dx5 cells-derived conditioned medium (CM). The multidrug-resistant human uterine sarcoma xenograft study revealed that E7050 significantly attenuated the growth of MES-SA/Dx5 tumor xenografts, which was associated with inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. E7050 treatment also decreased the expression of CD31 and p-VEGFR2 in MES-SA/Dx5 tumor tissue sections in comparison with the vehicle control. Collectively, E7050 may serve as a potential agent for the treatment of cancer and angiogenesis-related disorders.


Assuntos
Sarcoma , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Animais , Embrião de Galinha , Humanos , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Sarcoma/metabolismo , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(23)2022 Nov 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36499211

RESUMO

E7050 is a potent inhibitor of c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase and has potential for cancer therapy. However, the underlying molecular mechanism involved in the anti-cancer property of E7050 has not been fully elucidated. The main objective of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor activity of E7050 in multidrug-resistant human uterine sarcoma MES-SA/Dx5 cells in vitro and in vivo, and to define its mechanisms. Our results revealed that E7050 reduced cell viability of MES-SA/Dx5 cells, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis and S phase cell cycle arrest. Additionally, E7050 treatment significantly upregulated the expression of Bax, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3, p21, p53 and cyclin D1, while it downregulated the expression of survivin and cyclin A. On the other hand, the mechanistic study demonstrated that E7050 inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Met, Src, Akt and p38 in HGF-stimulated MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Further in vivo experiments showed that treatment of athymic nude mice carrying MES-SA/Dx5 xenograft tumors with E7050 remarkably suppressed tumor growth. E7050 treatment also decreased the expression of Ki-67 and p-Met, and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in MES-SA/Dx5 tumor sections. Therefore, E7050 is a promising drug that can be developed for the treatment of multidrug-resistant uterine sarcoma.


Assuntos
Sarcoma , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles , Neoplasias Uterinas , Camundongos , Feminino , Animais , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Camundongos Nus , Apoptose , Sarcoma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologia , Transdução de Sinais
4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(1)2021 Jan 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33466434

RESUMO

The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), which controls maternal signaling to synthesize zygotic gene products, promotes the preimplantation development of mouse zygotes to the two-cell stage. Our previous study reported that mouse granzyme g (Gzmg), a serine-type protease, is required for the MZT. In this study, we further identified the maternal factors that regulate the Gzmg promoter activity in the zygote to the two-cell stage of mouse embryos. A full-length Gzmg promoter from mouse genomic DNA, FL-pGzmg (-1696~+28 nt), was cloned, and four deletion constructs of this Gzmg promoter, Δ1-pGzmg (-1369~+28 nt), Δ2-pGzmg (-939~+28 nt), Δ3-pGzmg (-711~+28 nt) and Δ4-pGzmg (-417~+28 nt), were subsequently generated. Different-sized Gzmg promoters were used to perform promoter assays of mouse zygotes and two-cell stage embryos. The results showed that Δ4-pGzmg promoted the highest expression level of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter in the zygotes and two-cell embryos. The data suggested that time-specific transcription factors upregulated Gzmg by binding cis-elements in the -417~+28-nt Gzmg promoter region. According to the results of the promoter assay, the transcription factor binding sites were predicted and analyzed with the JASPAR database, and two transcription factors, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and GA-binding protein alpha (GABPα), were identified. Furthermore, STAT3 and GABPα are expressed and located in zygote pronuclei and two-cell nuclei were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining; however, only STAT3 was recruited to the mouse zygote pronuclei and two-cell nuclei injected with the Δ4-pGzmg reporter construct. These data indicated that STAT3 is a maternal transcription factor and may upregulate Gzmg to promote the MZT. Furthermore, treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201, caused mouse embryonic arrest at the zygote and two-cell stages. These results suggest that STAT3, a maternal protein, is a critical transcription factor and regulates Gzmg transcription activity in preimplantation mouse embryos. It plays an important role in the maternal-to-zygotic transition during early embryonic development.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Embrionário/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/genética , Granzimas/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Animais , Blastocisto/fisiologia , Núcleo Celular/genética , Feminino , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Gravidez , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Ativação Transcricional/genética , Zigoto/fisiologia
5.
Cytokine ; 113: 380-392, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30389230

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Resveratrol has been reported to alleviate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in mesangial cells and in several types of renal injury in animal models. Previously, the active resveratrol derivatives from the roots of Vitis thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. (Vitaceae) were shown to have significant anti-platelet and anti-oxidative activities. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of these resveratrol derivatives in rat mesangial cells (RMCs) have not been clarified fully. METHODS: The protective mechanisms of resveratrol derivatives involved in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inflammatory responses were assessed by Western blot analysis, real-time PCR, and RT-PCR. The involvement of various signaling molecules in these responses was investigated using selective pharmacological inhibitors. RESULTS: Nontoxic concentrations of the resveratrol derivatives significantly attenuated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in RMCs challenged by TNF-α. These resveratrol derivatives inhibited TNF-α-activated ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 without affecting p38 phosphorylation. Next, we demonstrated that TNF-α induced NF-κB activation, translocation, and promoter activity, which was inhibited by pretreatment with resveratrol derivatives in RMCs. CONCLUSION: The protective mechanisms of resveratrol derivatives against TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory responses via cPLA2/COX-2/PGE2 inhibition was caused by the attenuation of the JNK1/2, ERK1/2, and NF-κB signaling pathways in RMCs.


Assuntos
Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Mesangiais/metabolismo , Resveratrol/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Fosfolipases A2 do Grupo IV/metabolismo , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Células Mesangiais/patologia , Ratos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
6.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 314(4): L654-L669, 2018 04 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29351433

RESUMO

Acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are high-mortality and life-threatening diseases that are associated with neutrophil activation and accumulation within lung tissue. Emerging evidence indicates that neutrophil-platelet aggregates (NPAs) at sites of injury increase acute inflammation and contribute to the development of ALI. Although numerous studies have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of ALI, there is still a lack of innovative and useful treatments that reduce mortality, emphasizing that there is an urgent need for novel treatment strategies. In this study, a new series of small compounds of ß-nitrostyrene derivatives (BNSDs) were synthesized, and their anti-inflammatory bioactivities on neutrophils and platelets were evaluated. The new small compound C7 modulates neutrophil function by inhibiting superoxide generation and elastase release. Compound C7 elicits protective effects on LPS-induced paw edema and acute lung injury via the inhibition of neutrophil accumulation, proinflammatory mediator release, platelet aggregation, myeloperoxidase activity, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release. NET formation was identified as the bridge for the critical interactions between neutrophils and platelets by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. This research provides new insights for elucidating the complicated regulation of neutrophils and platelets in ALI and sheds further light on future drug development strategies for ALI/ARDS and acute inflammatory diseases.


Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Edema Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Estirenos/farmacologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/imunologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/patologia , Animais , Plaquetas/imunologia , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Plaquetas/patologia , Adesão Celular , Células Cultivadas , Armadilhas Extracelulares/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/patologia , Edema Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Edema Pulmonar/imunologia , Edema Pulmonar/patologia
7.
J Biomed Sci ; 25(1): 57, 2018 Jul 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30025541

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Induced pluripotency in cancer cells by ectopic expression of pluripotency-regulating factors may be used for disease modeling of cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are negative regulators of gene expression that play important role in reprogramming somatic cells. However, studies on the miRNA expression profile and the expression patterns of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes in induced pluripotent cancer (iPC) cells are lacking. METHODS: iPC clones were generated from two colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines by retroviral transduction of the Yamanaka factors. The iPC clones obtained were characterized by morphology, expression of pluripotency markers and the ability to undergo in vitro tri-lineage differentiation. Genome-wide miRNA profiles of the iPC cells were obtained by microarray analysis and bioinformatics interrogation. Gene expression was done by real-time RT-PCR and immuno-staining; MET/EMT protein levels were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: The CRC-iPC cells showed embryonic stem cell-like features and tri-lineage differentiation abilities. The spontaneously-differentiated post-iPC cells obtained were highly similar to the parental CRC cells. However, down-regulated pluripotency gene expression and failure to form teratoma indicated that the CRC-iPC cells had only attained partial pluripotency. The CRC-iPC cells shared similarities in the genome-wide miRNA expression profiles of both cancer and pluripotent embryonic stem cells. One hundred and two differentially-expressed miRNAs were identified in the CRC-iPC cells, which were predicted by bioinformatics analysis be closely involved in regulating cellular pluripotency and the expression of the MET/EMT genes, possibly via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) signaling pathways. Irregular and inconsistent expression patterns of the EMT vimentin and Snai1 and MET E-cadherin and occludin proteins were observed in the four CRC-iPC clones analyzed, which suggested an epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid phenotype in the partially reprogrammed CRC cells. MET/EMT gene expression was also generally reversed on re-differentiation, also suggesting epigenetic regulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the elite model for cancer cell-reprogramming in which only a selected subset of cancer may be fully reprogrammed; partial cancer cell reprogramming may also elicit an epithelial-mesenchymal mixed phenotype, and highlight opportunities and challenges in cancer cell-reprogramming.


Assuntos
Reprogramação Celular/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Linhagem da Célula/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/patologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética
8.
J Dairy Sci ; 97(6): 3281-91, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24731632

RESUMO

Liver diseases, which can be caused by alcohol abuse, chemical intoxication, viral hepatitis infection, and autoimmune disorders, are a significant health issue because they can develop into liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Lactoferrin (LF), a siderophilic protein with 2 iron-binding sites, has been demonstrated to possess a multitude of biological functions, including antiinflammation, anticancer, and antimicrobial effects, as well as immunomodulatory-enhancing functions. In the current study, we induced hepatotoxicity in rats with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to establish a situation that would enable us to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of LF against hepatic injury. Our results showed that DMN-induced hepatic pathological damage significantly decreased the body weight and liver index, increased the mRNA and protein levels of collagen α-1(I) (ColIα-1) and α-smooth muscle actin, and increased the hydroxyproline content. However, treatment with LF significantly increased body weight and liver index, decreased the mRNA and protein levels of ColIα-1 and α-smooth muscle actin, and suppressed the hydroxyproline content when compared with the DMN-treated group. Liver histopathology also showed that low-dose LF (100mg/kg of body weight) or high-dose LF (300 mg/kg of body weight) could significantly reduce the incidences of liver lesions induced by DMN. These results suggest that the LF exhibits potent hepatoprotection against DMN-induced liver damage in rats and that the hepatoprotective effects of LF may be due to the inhibition of collagen production and to stellate cell activation.


Assuntos
Lactoferrina/farmacologia , Cirrose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Dimetilnitrosamina/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hidroxiprolina/análise , Lactoferrina/uso terapêutico , Fígado/química , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/induzido quimicamente , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ultrassonografia
9.
Biomed J ; : 100720, 2024 Apr 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38679198

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive diffuse parenchymal lung disorder with a high mortality rate. Studies have indicated that injured lung tissues release various pro-inflammatory factors, and produce a large amount of nitric oxide. There is also accumulation of collagen and oxidative stress-induced injury, collectively leading to pulmonary fibrosis. Antrodia cinnamomea is an endemic fungal growth in Taiwan, and its fermented extracts exert anti-inflammatory effects to alleviate liver damages. Hence, we hypothesized and tested the feasibility of using A. cinnamomea extracts for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: The TGF-ß1-induced human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) in vitro cell assay were used to evaluate the effects of A. cinnamomea extracts on the collagen production in MRC-5. Eight-week-old ICR mice were intratracheally administered bleomycin and then fed with an A. cinnamomea extract on day 3 post-administration of bleomycin. At day 21 post-bleomycin administration, the pulmonary functional test, the expression level of inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes in the lung tissue, and the histopathological change were examined. RESULTS: The A. cinnamomea extract significantly attenuated the expression level of collagen in the TGF-ß1-induced MRC-5 cells. In the A. cinnamome-treated bleomycin-induced lung fibrotic mice, the bodyweight increased, pulmonary functions improved, the lung tissues expression level of inflammatory factor and the fibrotic indicator were decreased, and the histopathological results showed the reduction of thickening of the inter-alveolar septa. CONCLUSIONS: The Antrodia cinnamomea extract significant protects mice against bleomycin-induced lung injuries through improvement of body weight gain and lung functions, and attenuation of expression of inflammatory and fibrotic indicators.

10.
Cell Biosci ; 14(1): 18, 2024 Feb 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38308335

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is influenced by the amount and duration of alcohol consumption. The resulting liver damage can range from reversible stages, such as steatosis, steatohepatitis and alcoholic fibrosis, to the advanced and irreversible stage of cirrhosis. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (AKR1A1) is a member of the aldo-keto reductase family that catalyzes the reduction of aldehyde groups to their corresponding alcohols in an NADPH-dependent manner. AKR1A1 was found to be downregulated in patients diagnosed with ALD. This study aims to interpret the protective effects of AKR1A1 on the development of ALD. METHODS: A 5% alcohol-fed (AF) Akr1a1 knockout (Akr1a1-/-) mouse model and an AML12 hepatocyte model were used. The effects of AKR1A1 on liver function, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and fibrosis were assessed by ELISA, western blotting, RT‒PCR, and a variety of histological staining methods in AF-induced wild-type (WT) and Akr1a1-/- mice compared to control liquid diet-fed (PF) WT and Akr1a1-/- mice. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that AF-WT mice expressed higher levels of AKR1A1 than WT mice fed a control diet, and they did not show any noticeable liver steatosis. However, AF-Akr1a1-/- mice displayed a lower survival rate and more severe liver injury than AF-WT mice, as demonstrated by increased proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and reduced antioxidant enzymes in their livers. Additionally, elevated levels of 4-HNE and p53 phosphorylation were observed in AF-Akr1a1-/- mice, suggesting that the loss of AKR1A1 led to increased 4-HNE accumulation and subsequent activation of p53, which contributed to the progression of ALD. Furthermore, in AML12 hepatocytes, Akr1a1 knockdown aggravated oxidative stress and steatosis induced by palmitic acid/oleic acid (P/O) inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fibrosis induced by TGF-ß1. CONCLUSIONS: This loss-of-function study suggests that AKR1A1 plays a liver-protective role during chronic alcohol consumption by reducing the accumulation of 4-HNE and inhibiting 4-HNE-mediated p53 activation.

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